diff --git a/Doc/lib/libstdtypes.tex b/Doc/lib/libstdtypes.tex
index 49cb67b..3e788bb 100644
--- a/Doc/lib/libstdtypes.tex
+++ b/Doc/lib/libstdtypes.tex
@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@
   \lineiii{\var{s}.reverse()}
 	{reverses the items of \var{s} in place}{(6)}
   \lineiii{\var{s}.sort(\optional{\var{cmpfunc}})}
-	{sort the items of \var{s} in place}{(6), (7), (8)}
+	{sort the items of \var{s} in place}{(6), (7), (8), (9)}
 \end{tableiii}
 \indexiv{operations on}{mutable}{sequence}{types}
 \indexiii{operations on}{sequence}{types}
@@ -980,6 +980,12 @@
   Python 2.2.  The C implementation of Python 2.3 introduced a stable
   \method{sort()} method, but code that intends to be portable across
   implementations and versions must not rely on stability.
+
+\item[(9)] While a list is being sorted, the effect of attempting to
+  mutate, or even inspect, the list is undefined.  The C implementation
+  of Python 2.3 makes the list appear empty for the duration, and raises
+  \exception{ValueError} if it can detect that the list has been
+  mutated during a sort.
 \end{description}
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sort.py b/Lib/test/test_sort.py
index 9b31052..5c7ae88 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sort.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sort.py
@@ -116,6 +116,35 @@
     x = [e for e, i in augmented] # a stable sort of s
     check("stability", x, s)
 
+def bug453523():
+    global nerrors
+    from random import random
+
+    # If this fails, the most likely outcome is a core dump.
+    if verbose:
+        print "Testing bug 453523 -- list.sort() crasher."
+
+    class C:
+        def __lt__(self, other):
+            if L and random() < 0.75:
+                pop()
+            else:
+                push(3)
+            return random() < 0.5
+
+    L = [C() for i in range(50)]
+    pop = L.pop
+    push = L.append
+    try:
+        L.sort()
+    except ValueError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        print "    Mutation during list.sort() wasn't caught."
+        nerrors += 1
+
+bug453523()
+
 if nerrors:
     print "Test failed", nerrors
 elif verbose:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_types.py b/Lib/test/test_types.py
index 9777e83..d075d94 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_types.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_types.py
@@ -367,10 +367,10 @@
 else: raise TestFailed, 'list sort compare function is not callable'
 
 def selfmodifyingComparison(x,y):
-    z[0] = 1
+    z.append(1)
     return cmp(x, y)
 try: z.sort(selfmodifyingComparison)
-except TypeError: pass
+except ValueError: pass
 else: raise TestFailed, 'modifying list during sort'
 
 try: z.sort(lambda x, y: 's')
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS
index addd5ae..334a1b3 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS
+++ b/Misc/NEWS
@@ -66,6 +66,16 @@
 Core and builtins
 -----------------
 
+- Thanks to Armin Rigo, the last known way to provoke a system crash
+  by cleverly arranging for a comparison function to mutate a list
+  during a list.sort() operation has been fixed.  The effect of
+  attempting to mutate a list, or even to inspect its contents or
+  length, while a sort is in progress, is not defined by the language.
+  The C implementation of Python 2.3 attempts to detect mutations,
+  and raise ValueError if one occurs, but there's no guarantee that
+  all mutations will be caught, or that any will be caught across
+  releases or implementations.
+
 - Unicode file name processing for Windows (PEP 277) is implemented.
   All platforms now have an os.path.supports_unicode_filenames attribute,
   which is set to True on Windows NT/2000/XP, and False elsewhere.
@@ -428,7 +438,7 @@
 - Added operator.pow(a,b) which is equivalent to a**b.
 
 - Added random.sample(population,k) for random sampling without replacement.
-  Returns a k length list of unique elements chosen from the population.								    
+  Returns a k length list of unique elements chosen from the population.
 
 - random.randrange(-sys.maxint-1, sys.maxint) no longer raises
   OverflowError.  That is, it now accepts any combination of 'start'
diff --git a/Objects/listobject.c b/Objects/listobject.c
index bee284d..3e3b4d7 100644
--- a/Objects/listobject.c
+++ b/Objects/listobject.c
@@ -1634,8 +1634,6 @@
 	return n + r;
 }
 
-static PyTypeObject immutable_list_type;
-
 /* An adaptive, stable, natural mergesort.  See listsort.txt.
  * Returns Py_None on success, NULL on error.  Even in case of error, the
  * list will be some permutation of its input state (nothing is lost or
@@ -1648,7 +1646,9 @@
 	PyObject **lo, **hi;
 	int nremaining;
 	int minrun;
-	PyTypeObject *savetype;
+	int saved_ob_size;
+	PyObject **saved_ob_item;
+	PyObject **empty_ob_item;
 	PyObject *compare = NULL;
 	PyObject *result = NULL;	/* guilty until proved innocent */
 
@@ -1659,17 +1659,24 @@
 	}
 	merge_init(&ms, compare);
 
-	savetype = self->ob_type;
-	self->ob_type = &immutable_list_type;
+	/* The list is temporarily made empty, so that mutations performed
+	 * by comparison functions can't affect the slice of memory we're
+	 * sorting (allowing mutations during sorting is a core-dump
+	 * factory, since ob_item may change).
+	 */
+	saved_ob_size = self->ob_size;
+	saved_ob_item = self->ob_item;
+	self->ob_size = 0;
+	self->ob_item = empty_ob_item = PyMem_NEW(PyObject *, 0);
 
-	nremaining = self->ob_size;
+	nremaining = saved_ob_size;
 	if (nremaining < 2)
 		goto succeed;
 
 	/* March over the array once, left to right, finding natural runs,
 	 * and extending short natural runs to minrun elements.
 	 */
-	lo = self->ob_item;
+	lo = saved_ob_item;
 	hi = lo + nremaining;
 	minrun = merge_compute_minrun(nremaining);
 	do {
@@ -1706,13 +1713,25 @@
 	if (merge_force_collapse(&ms) < 0)
 		goto fail;
 	assert(ms.n == 1);
-	assert(ms.pending[0].base == self->ob_item);
-	assert(ms.pending[0].len == self->ob_size);
+	assert(ms.pending[0].base == saved_ob_item);
+	assert(ms.pending[0].len == saved_ob_size);
 
 succeed:
 	result = Py_None;
 fail:
- 	self->ob_type = savetype;
+	if (self->ob_item != empty_ob_item || self->ob_size) {
+		/* The user mucked with the list during the sort. */
+		(void)list_ass_slice(self, 0, self->ob_size, (PyObject *)NULL);
+		if (result != NULL) {
+			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+					"list modified during sort");
+			result = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	if (self->ob_item == empty_ob_item)
+		PyMem_FREE(empty_ob_item);
+	self->ob_size = saved_ob_size;
+	self->ob_item = saved_ob_item;
 	merge_freemem(&ms);
 	Py_XINCREF(result);
 	return result;
@@ -2328,92 +2347,6 @@
 };
 
 
-/* During a sort, we really can't have anyone modifying the list; it could
-   cause core dumps.  Thus, we substitute a dummy type that raises an
-   explanatory exception when a modifying operation is used.  Caveat:
-   comparisons may behave differently; but I guess it's a bad idea anyway to
-   compare a list that's being sorted... */
-
-static PyObject *
-immutable_list_op(void)
-{
-	PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-			"a list cannot be modified while it is being sorted");
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static PyMethodDef immutable_list_methods[] = {
-	{"append",	(PyCFunction)immutable_list_op, METH_VARARGS},
-	{"insert",	(PyCFunction)immutable_list_op, METH_VARARGS},
-	{"extend",      (PyCFunction)immutable_list_op,  METH_O},
-	{"pop",		(PyCFunction)immutable_list_op, METH_VARARGS},
-	{"remove",	(PyCFunction)immutable_list_op, METH_VARARGS},
-	{"index",	(PyCFunction)listindex,         METH_O},
-	{"count",	(PyCFunction)listcount,         METH_O},
-	{"reverse",	(PyCFunction)immutable_list_op, METH_VARARGS},
-	{"sort",	(PyCFunction)immutable_list_op, METH_VARARGS},
-	{NULL,		NULL}		/* sentinel */
-};
-
-static int
-immutable_list_ass(void)
-{
-	immutable_list_op();
-	return -1;
-}
-
-static PySequenceMethods immutable_list_as_sequence = {
-	(inquiry)list_length,			/* sq_length */
-	(binaryfunc)list_concat,		/* sq_concat */
-	(intargfunc)list_repeat,		/* sq_repeat */
-	(intargfunc)list_item,			/* sq_item */
-	(intintargfunc)list_slice,		/* sq_slice */
-	(intobjargproc)immutable_list_ass,	/* sq_ass_item */
-	(intintobjargproc)immutable_list_ass,	/* sq_ass_slice */
-	(objobjproc)list_contains,		/* sq_contains */
-};
-
-static PyTypeObject immutable_list_type = {
-	PyObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type)
-	0,
-	"list (immutable, during sort)",
-	sizeof(PyListObject),
-	0,
-	0, /* Cannot happen */			/* tp_dealloc */
-	(printfunc)list_print,			/* tp_print */
-	0,					/* tp_getattr */
-	0,					/* tp_setattr */
-	0, /* Won't be called */		/* tp_compare */
-	(reprfunc)list_repr,			/* tp_repr */
-	0,					/* tp_as_number */
-	&immutable_list_as_sequence,		/* tp_as_sequence */
-	0,					/* tp_as_mapping */
-	list_nohash,				/* tp_hash */
-	0,					/* tp_call */
-	0,					/* tp_str */
-	PyObject_GenericGetAttr,		/* tp_getattro */
-	0,					/* tp_setattro */
-	0,					/* tp_as_buffer */
-	Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,/* tp_flags */
- 	list_doc,				/* tp_doc */
- 	(traverseproc)list_traverse,		/* tp_traverse */
-	0,					/* tp_clear */
-	list_richcompare,			/* tp_richcompare */
-	0,					/* tp_weaklistoffset */
-	0,					/* tp_iter */
-	0,					/* tp_iternext */
-	immutable_list_methods,			/* tp_methods */
-	0,					/* tp_members */
-	0,					/* tp_getset */
-	0,					/* tp_base */
-	0,					/* tp_dict */
-	0,					/* tp_descr_get */
-	0,					/* tp_descr_set */
-	0,					/* tp_init */
-	/* NOTE: This is *not* the standard list_type struct! */
-};
-
-
 /*********************** List Iterator **************************/
 
 typedef struct {