Add tests of PyLong_{As,From}{Unsigned,}Long.  These are very much like
the new PyLong_{As,From}{Unsigned,}LongLong tests, so the bulk of the
code is in the new #include file testcapi_long.h, which generates
different code depending on how macros are set.  This sucks, but I couldn't
think of anything that sucked less.

UNIX headache?  If we still maintain dependencies by hand, someone who
knows what they're doing should teach whatever needs it that
_testcapimodule.c includes testcapi_long.h.
diff --git a/Modules/testcapi_long.h b/Modules/testcapi_long.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c5a7e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/testcapi_long.h
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/* Poor-man's template.  Macros used:
+   TESTNAME	name of the test (like test_long_api_inner)
+   TYPENAME	the signed type (like long)
+   F_S_TO_PY	convert signed to pylong; TYPENAME -> PyObject*
+   F_PY_TO_S	convert pylong to signed; PyObject* -> TYPENAME
+   F_U_TO_PY	convert unsigned to pylong; unsigned TYPENAME -> PyObject*
+   F_PY_TO_U    convert pylong to unsigned; PyObject* -> TypeError
+   F_ERROR	error-report function; char* -> PyObject* (returns NULL)
+*/
+
+static PyObject *
+TESTNAME()
+{
+	const int NBITS = sizeof(TYPENAME) * 8;
+	unsigned TYPENAME base;
+	PyObject *pyresult;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Note:  This test lets PyObjects leak if an error is raised.  Since
+	   an error should never be raised, leaks are impossible <wink>. */
+
+	/* Test native -> PyLong -> native roundtrip identity.
+	 * Generate all powers of 2, and test them and their negations,
+	 * plus the numbers +-1 off from them.
+	 */
+	base = 1;
+	for (i = 0;
+	     i < NBITS + 1;  /* on last, base overflows to 0 */
+	     ++i, base <<= 1)
+	{
+		int j;
+		for (j = 0; j < 6; ++j) {
+			TYPENAME in, out;
+			unsigned TYPENAME uin, uout;
+
+			/* For 0, 1, 2 use base; for 3, 4, 5 use -base */
+			uin = j < 3 ? base
+				    : (unsigned TYPENAME)(-(TYPENAME)base);
+
+			/* For 0 & 3, subtract 1.
+			 * For 1 & 4, leave alone.
+			 * For 2 & 5, add 1.
+			 */
+			uin += (unsigned TYPENAME)(TYPENAME)(j % 3 - 1);
+
+			pyresult = F_U_TO_PY(uin);
+			if (pyresult == NULL)
+				return F_ERROR(
+				 "unsigned unexpected null result");
+
+			uout = F_PY_TO_U(pyresult);
+			if (uout == (unsigned TYPENAME)-1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+				return F_ERROR(
+					"unsigned unexpected -1 result");
+			if (uout != uin)
+				return F_ERROR(
+					"unsigned output != input");
+			UNBIND(pyresult);
+
+			in = (TYPENAME)uin;
+			pyresult = F_S_TO_PY(in);
+			if (pyresult == NULL)
+				return F_ERROR(
+					"signed unexpected null result");
+
+			out = F_PY_TO_S(pyresult);
+			if (out == (TYPENAME)-1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+				return F_ERROR(
+					"signed unexpected -1 result");
+			if (out != in)
+				return F_ERROR(
+					"signed output != input");
+			UNBIND(pyresult);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Overflow tests.  The loop above ensured that all limit cases that
+	 * should not overflow don't overflow, so all we need to do here is
+	 * provoke one-over-the-limit cases (not exhaustive, but sharp).
+	 */
+	{
+		PyObject *one, *x, *y;
+		TYPENAME out;
+		unsigned TYPENAME uout;
+
+		one = PyLong_FromLong(1);
+		if (one == NULL)
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"unexpected NULL from PyLong_FromLong");
+
+		/* Unsigned complains about -1? */
+		x = PyNumber_Negative(one);
+		if (x == NULL)
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"unexpected NULL from PyNumber_Negative");
+
+		uout = F_PY_TO_U(x);
+		if (uout != (unsigned TYPENAME)-1 || !PyErr_Occurred())
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"PyLong_AsUnsignedXXX(-1) didn't complain");
+		PyErr_Clear();
+		UNBIND(x);
+
+		/* Unsigned complains about 2**NBITS? */
+		y = PyLong_FromLong((long)NBITS);
+		if (y == NULL)
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"unexpected NULL from PyLong_FromLong");
+
+		x = PyNumber_Lshift(one, y); /* 1L << NBITS, == 2**NBITS */
+		UNBIND(y);
+		if (x == NULL)
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"unexpected NULL from PyNumber_Lshift");
+
+  		uout = F_PY_TO_U(x);
+		if (uout != (unsigned TYPENAME)-1 || !PyErr_Occurred())
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"PyLong_AsUnsignedXXX(2**NBITS) didn't "
+				"complain");
+		PyErr_Clear();
+
+		/* Signed complains about 2**(NBITS-1)?
+		   x still has 2**NBITS. */
+		y = PyNumber_Rshift(x, one); /* 2**(NBITS-1) */
+		UNBIND(x);
+		if (y == NULL)
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"unexpected NULL from PyNumber_Rshift");
+
+		out = F_PY_TO_S(y);
+		if (out != (TYPENAME)-1 || !PyErr_Occurred())
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"PyLong_AsXXX(2**(NBITS-1)) didn't "
+				"complain");
+		PyErr_Clear();
+
+		/* Signed complains about -2**(NBITS-1)-1?;
+		   y still has 2**(NBITS-1). */
+		x = PyNumber_Negative(y);  /* -(2**(NBITS-1)) */
+		UNBIND(y);
+		if (x == NULL)
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"unexpected NULL from PyNumber_Negative");
+
+		y = PyNumber_Subtract(x, one); /* -(2**(NBITS-1))-1 */
+		UNBIND(x);
+		if (y == NULL)
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"unexpected NULL from PyNumber_Subtract");
+
+		out = F_PY_TO_S(y);
+		if (out != (TYPENAME)-1 || !PyErr_Occurred())
+			return F_ERROR(
+				"PyLong_AsXXX(-2**(NBITS-1)-1) didn't "
+				"complain");
+		PyErr_Clear();
+		UNBIND(y);
+
+		Py_XDECREF(x);
+		Py_XDECREF(y);
+		Py_DECREF(one);
+	}
+
+	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+	return Py_None;
+}