Issue #18756: Improve error reporting in os.urandom() when the failure is due to something else than /dev/urandom not existing.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_os.py b/Lib/test/test_os.py
index bdbeb01..ccc58d4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_os.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_os.py
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@
 import signal
 import subprocess
 import time
+try:
+    import resource
+except ImportError:
+    resource = None
 
 from test import test_support
 import mmap
@@ -563,6 +567,20 @@
         data2 = self.get_urandom_subprocess(16)
         self.assertNotEqual(data1, data2)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(resource, "test requires the resource module")
+    def test_urandom_failure(self):
+        soft_limit, hard_limit = resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+        resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (1, hard_limit))
+        try:
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+                os.urandom(16)
+            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EMFILE)
+        finally:
+            # We restore the old limit as soon as possible.  If doing it
+            # using addCleanup(), code running in between would fail
+            # creating any file descriptor.
+            resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (soft_limit, hard_limit))
+
     def test_execvpe_with_bad_arglist(self):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, os.execvpe, 'notepad', [], None)