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Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +00001# Copyright 2007 Google, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
2# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
3
4"""Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) for collections, according to PEP 3119.
5
6DON'T USE THIS MODULE DIRECTLY! The classes here should be imported
Guido van Rossum7eaf8222007-06-18 17:58:50 +00007via collections; they are defined here only to alleviate certain
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +00008bootstrapping issues. Unit tests are in test_collections.
9"""
10
11from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
12
13__all__ = ["Hashable", "Iterable", "Iterator",
14 "Sized", "Container", "Callable",
15 "Set", "MutableSet",
16 "Mapping", "MutableMapping",
17 "MappingView", "KeysView", "ItemsView", "ValuesView",
18 "Sequence", "MutableSequence",
Guido van Rossumd05eb002007-11-21 22:26:24 +000019 "ByteString",
Christian Heimesf83be4e2007-11-28 09:44:38 +000020 "bytearray_iterator", "bytes_iterator", "dict_itemiterator",
Christian Heimes0db38532007-11-29 16:21:13 +000021 "dict_items", "dict_keyiterator", "dict_keys", "dict_proxy",
Christian Heimesf83be4e2007-11-28 09:44:38 +000022 "dict_valueiterator", "dict_values", "list_iterator",
23 "list_reverseiterator", "range_iterator", "set_iterator",
24 "str_iterator", "tuple_iterator", "zip_iterator",
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +000025 ]
26
Christian Heimesf83be4e2007-11-28 09:44:38 +000027
28### collection related types which are not exposed through builtin ###
29## iterators ##
30bytes_iterator = type(iter(b''))
31bytearray_iterator = type(iter(bytearray()))
32#callable_iterator = ???
33dict_keyiterator = type(iter({}.keys()))
34dict_valueiterator = type(iter({}.values()))
35dict_itemiterator = type(iter({}.items()))
36list_iterator = type(iter([]))
37list_reverseiterator = type(iter(reversed([])))
38range_iterator = type(iter(range(0)))
39set_iterator = type(iter(set()))
40str_iterator = type(iter(""))
41tuple_iterator = type(iter(()))
42zip_iterator = type(iter(zip()))
43## views ##
44dict_keys = type({}.keys())
45dict_values = type({}.values())
46dict_items = type({}.items())
Christian Heimes0db38532007-11-29 16:21:13 +000047## misc ##
48dict_proxy = type(type.__dict__)
Christian Heimesf83be4e2007-11-28 09:44:38 +000049
50
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +000051### ONE-TRICK PONIES ###
52
53class Hashable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
54
55 @abstractmethod
56 def __hash__(self):
57 return 0
58
59 @classmethod
60 def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
61 if cls is Hashable:
62 for B in C.__mro__:
63 if "__hash__" in B.__dict__:
64 if B.__dict__["__hash__"]:
65 return True
66 break
67 return NotImplemented
68
69
70class Iterable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
71
72 @abstractmethod
73 def __iter__(self):
74 while False:
75 yield None
76
77 @classmethod
78 def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
79 if cls is Iterable:
80 if any("__iter__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):
81 return True
82 return NotImplemented
83
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +000084
85class Iterator(metaclass=ABCMeta):
86
87 @abstractmethod
88 def __next__(self):
89 raise StopIteration
90
91 def __iter__(self):
92 return self
93
94 @classmethod
95 def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
96 if cls is Iterator:
97 if any("__next__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):
98 return True
99 return NotImplemented
100
Christian Heimesf83be4e2007-11-28 09:44:38 +0000101Iterator.register(bytes_iterator)
102Iterator.register(bytearray_iterator)
103#Iterator.register(callable_iterator)
104Iterator.register(dict_keyiterator)
105Iterator.register(dict_valueiterator)
106Iterator.register(dict_itemiterator)
107Iterator.register(list_iterator)
108Iterator.register(list_reverseiterator)
109Iterator.register(range_iterator)
110Iterator.register(set_iterator)
111Iterator.register(str_iterator)
112Iterator.register(tuple_iterator)
113Iterator.register(zip_iterator)
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000114
115class Sized(metaclass=ABCMeta):
116
117 @abstractmethod
118 def __len__(self):
119 return 0
120
121 @classmethod
122 def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
123 if cls is Sized:
124 if any("__len__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):
125 return True
126 return NotImplemented
127
128
129class Container(metaclass=ABCMeta):
130
131 @abstractmethod
132 def __contains__(self, x):
133 return False
134
135 @classmethod
136 def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
137 if cls is Container:
138 if any("__contains__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):
139 return True
140 return NotImplemented
141
142
143class Callable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
144
145 @abstractmethod
146 def __contains__(self, x):
147 return False
148
149 @classmethod
150 def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
151 if cls is Callable:
152 if any("__call__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):
153 return True
154 return NotImplemented
155
156
157### SETS ###
158
159
160class Set(metaclass=ABCMeta):
161
162 """A set is a finite, iterable container.
163
164 This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
165 methods except for __contains__, __iter__ and __len__.
166
167 To override the comparisons (presumably for speed, as the
168 semantics are fixed), all you have to do is redefine __le__ and
169 then the other operations will automatically follow suit.
170 """
171
172 @abstractmethod
173 def __contains__(self, value):
174 return False
175
176 @abstractmethod
177 def __iter__(self):
178 while False:
179 yield None
180
181 @abstractmethod
182 def __len__(self):
183 return 0
184
185 def __le__(self, other):
186 if not isinstance(other, Set):
187 return NotImplemented
188 if len(self) > len(other):
189 return False
190 for elem in self:
191 if elem not in other:
192 return False
193 return True
194
195 def __lt__(self, other):
196 if not isinstance(other, Set):
197 return NotImplemented
198 return len(self) < len(other) and self.__le__(other)
199
200 def __eq__(self, other):
201 if not isinstance(other, Set):
202 return NotImplemented
203 return len(self) == len(other) and self.__le__(other)
204
205 @classmethod
206 def _from_iterable(cls, it):
207 return frozenset(it)
208
209 def __and__(self, other):
210 if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
211 return NotImplemented
212 return self._from_iterable(value for value in other if value in self)
213
Christian Heimes190d79e2008-01-30 11:58:22 +0000214 def isdisjoint(self, other):
215 for value in other:
216 if value in self:
217 return False
218 return True
219
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000220 def __or__(self, other):
221 if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
222 return NotImplemented
223 return self._from_iterable(itertools.chain(self, other))
224
225 def __sub__(self, other):
226 if not isinstance(other, Set):
227 if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
228 return NotImplemented
229 other = self._from_iterable(other)
230 return self._from_iterable(value for value in self
231 if value not in other)
232
233 def __xor__(self, other):
234 if not isinstance(other, Set):
235 if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
236 return NotImplemented
237 other = self._from_iterable(other)
238 return (self - other) | (other - self)
239
240 def _hash(self):
241 """Compute the hash value of a set.
242
243 Note that we don't define __hash__: not all sets are hashable.
244 But if you define a hashable set type, its __hash__ should
245 call this function.
246
247 This must be compatible __eq__.
248
249 All sets ought to compare equal if they contain the same
250 elements, regardless of how they are implemented, and
251 regardless of the order of the elements; so there's not much
252 freedom for __eq__ or __hash__. We match the algorithm used
253 by the built-in frozenset type.
254 """
Christian Heimesa37d4c62007-12-04 23:02:19 +0000255 MAX = sys.maxsize
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000256 MASK = 2 * MAX + 1
257 n = len(self)
258 h = 1927868237 * (n + 1)
259 h &= MASK
260 for x in self:
261 hx = hash(x)
262 h ^= (hx ^ (hx << 16) ^ 89869747) * 3644798167
263 h &= MASK
264 h = h * 69069 + 907133923
265 h &= MASK
266 if h > MAX:
267 h -= MASK + 1
268 if h == -1:
269 h = 590923713
270 return h
271
272Set.register(frozenset)
273
274
275class MutableSet(Set):
276
277 @abstractmethod
278 def add(self, value):
279 """Return True if it was added, False if already there."""
280 raise NotImplementedError
281
282 @abstractmethod
283 def discard(self, value):
284 """Return True if it was deleted, False if not there."""
285 raise NotImplementedError
286
Christian Heimes190d79e2008-01-30 11:58:22 +0000287 def remove(self, value):
288 """Remove an element. If not a member, raise a KeyError."""
289 if value not in self:
290 raise KeyError(value)
291 self.discard(value)
292
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000293 def pop(self):
294 """Return the popped value. Raise KeyError if empty."""
295 it = iter(self)
296 try:
297 value = it.__next__()
298 except StopIteration:
299 raise KeyError
300 self.discard(value)
301 return value
302
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000303 def clear(self):
304 """This is slow (creates N new iterators!) but effective."""
305 try:
306 while True:
307 self.pop()
308 except KeyError:
309 pass
310
311 def __ior__(self, it: Iterable):
312 for value in it:
313 self.add(value)
314 return self
315
316 def __iand__(self, c: Container):
317 for value in self:
318 if value not in c:
319 self.discard(value)
320 return self
321
322 def __ixor__(self, it: Iterable):
Christian Heimes7b3ce6a2008-01-31 14:31:45 +0000323 if not isinstance(it, Set):
324 it = self._from_iterable(it)
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000325 for value in it:
Christian Heimes7b3ce6a2008-01-31 14:31:45 +0000326 if value in self:
327 self.discard(value)
328 else:
329 self.add(value)
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000330 return self
331
332 def __isub__(self, it: Iterable):
333 for value in it:
334 self.discard(value)
335 return self
336
337MutableSet.register(set)
338
339
340### MAPPINGS ###
341
342
343class Mapping(metaclass=ABCMeta):
344
345 @abstractmethod
346 def __getitem__(self, key):
347 raise KeyError
348
349 def get(self, key, default=None):
350 try:
351 return self[key]
352 except KeyError:
353 return default
354
355 def __contains__(self, key):
356 try:
357 self[key]
358 except KeyError:
359 return False
360 else:
361 return True
362
363 @abstractmethod
364 def __len__(self):
365 return 0
366
367 @abstractmethod
368 def __iter__(self):
369 while False:
370 yield None
371
372 def keys(self):
373 return KeysView(self)
374
375 def items(self):
376 return ItemsView(self)
377
378 def values(self):
379 return ValuesView(self)
380
Raymond Hettingerb9da9bc2008-02-04 20:44:31 +0000381 def __eq__(self, other):
Raymond Hettinger554c8b82008-02-05 22:54:43 +0000382 return isinstance(other, Mapping) and \
383 dict(self.items()) == dict(other.items())
Raymond Hettingerb9da9bc2008-02-04 20:44:31 +0000384
385 def __ne__(self, other):
Raymond Hettinger554c8b82008-02-05 22:54:43 +0000386 return not (self == other)
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000387
388class MappingView(metaclass=ABCMeta):
389
390 def __init__(self, mapping):
391 self._mapping = mapping
392
393 def __len__(self):
394 return len(self._mapping)
395
396
397class KeysView(MappingView, Set):
398
399 def __contains__(self, key):
400 return key in self._mapping
401
402 def __iter__(self):
403 for key in self._mapping:
404 yield key
405
Christian Heimesf83be4e2007-11-28 09:44:38 +0000406KeysView.register(dict_keys)
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000407
408
409class ItemsView(MappingView, Set):
410
411 def __contains__(self, item):
412 key, value = item
413 try:
414 v = self._mapping[key]
415 except KeyError:
416 return False
417 else:
418 return v == value
419
420 def __iter__(self):
421 for key in self._mapping:
422 yield (key, self._mapping[key])
423
Christian Heimesf83be4e2007-11-28 09:44:38 +0000424ItemsView.register(dict_items)
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000425
426
427class ValuesView(MappingView):
428
429 def __contains__(self, value):
430 for key in self._mapping:
431 if value == self._mapping[key]:
432 return True
433 return False
434
435 def __iter__(self):
436 for key in self._mapping:
437 yield self._mapping[key]
438
Christian Heimesf83be4e2007-11-28 09:44:38 +0000439ValuesView.register(dict_values)
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000440
441
442class MutableMapping(Mapping):
443
444 @abstractmethod
445 def __setitem__(self, key, value):
446 raise KeyError
447
448 @abstractmethod
449 def __delitem__(self, key):
450 raise KeyError
451
452 __marker = object()
453
454 def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
455 try:
456 value = self[key]
457 except KeyError:
458 if default is self.__marker:
459 raise
460 return default
461 else:
462 del self[key]
463 return value
464
465 def popitem(self):
466 try:
467 key = next(iter(self))
468 except StopIteration:
469 raise KeyError
470 value = self[key]
471 del self[key]
472 return key, value
473
474 def clear(self):
475 try:
476 while True:
477 self.popitem()
478 except KeyError:
479 pass
480
481 def update(self, other=(), **kwds):
482 if isinstance(other, Mapping):
483 for key in other:
484 self[key] = other[key]
485 elif hasattr(other, "keys"):
486 for key in other.keys():
487 self[key] = other[key]
488 else:
489 for key, value in other:
490 self[key] = value
491 for key, value in kwds.items():
492 self[key] = value
493
Raymond Hettingerb9da9bc2008-02-04 20:44:31 +0000494 def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
495 try:
496 return self[key]
497 except KeyError:
498 self[key] = default
499 return default
500
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000501MutableMapping.register(dict)
502
503
504### SEQUENCES ###
505
506
507class Sequence(metaclass=ABCMeta):
508
509 """All the operations on a read-only sequence.
510
511 Concrete subclasses must override __new__ or __init__,
512 __getitem__, and __len__.
513 """
514
515 @abstractmethod
516 def __getitem__(self, index):
517 raise IndexError
518
519 @abstractmethod
520 def __len__(self):
521 return 0
522
523 def __iter__(self):
524 i = 0
525 while True:
526 try:
527 v = self[i]
528 except IndexError:
529 break
530 yield v
531 i += 1
532
533 def __contains__(self, value):
534 for v in self:
535 if v == value:
536 return True
537 return False
538
539 def __reversed__(self):
540 for i in reversed(range(len(self))):
541 yield self[i]
542
543 def index(self, value):
544 for i, v in enumerate(self):
545 if v == value:
546 return i
547 raise ValueError
548
549 def count(self, value):
550 return sum(1 for v in self if v == value)
551
552Sequence.register(tuple)
Guido van Rossum3172c5d2007-10-16 18:12:55 +0000553Sequence.register(str)
Guido van Rossumd05eb002007-11-21 22:26:24 +0000554
555
556class ByteString(Sequence):
557
558 """This unifies bytes and bytearray.
559
560 XXX Should add all their methods.
561 """
562
563ByteString.register(bytes)
564ByteString.register(bytearray)
Guido van Rossumcd16bf62007-06-13 18:07:49 +0000565
566
567class MutableSequence(Sequence):
568
569 @abstractmethod
570 def __setitem__(self, index, value):
571 raise IndexError
572
573 @abstractmethod
574 def __delitem__(self, index):
575 raise IndexError
576
577 @abstractmethod
578 def insert(self, index, value):
579 raise IndexError
580
581 def append(self, value):
582 self.insert(len(self), value)
583
584 def reverse(self):
585 n = len(self)
586 for i in range(n//2):
587 self[i], self[n-i-1] = self[n-i-1], self[i]
588
589 def extend(self, values):
590 for v in values:
591 self.append(v)
592
593 def pop(self, index=-1):
594 v = self[index]
595 del self[index]
596 return v
597
598 def remove(self, value):
599 del self[self.index(value)]
600
601 def __iadd__(self, values):
602 self.extend(values)
603
604MutableSequence.register(list)
Guido van Rossumd05eb002007-11-21 22:26:24 +0000605MutableSequence.register(bytearray) # Multiply inheriting, see ByteString