| Guido van Rossum | 1a5e21e | 2006-02-28 21:57:43 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | """Utilities for with-statement contexts. See PEP 343.""" |
| 2 | |
| 3 | import sys |
| 4 | |
| 5 | __all__ = ["contextmanager", "nested", "closing"] |
| 6 | |
| 7 | class GeneratorContextManager(object): |
| 8 | """Helper for @contextmanager decorator.""" |
| 9 | |
| 10 | def __init__(self, gen): |
| 11 | self.gen = gen |
| 12 | |
| 13 | def __context__(self): |
| 14 | return self |
| 15 | |
| 16 | def __enter__(self): |
| 17 | try: |
| 18 | return self.gen.next() |
| 19 | except StopIteration: |
| 20 | raise RuntimeError("generator didn't yield") |
| 21 | |
| 22 | def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback): |
| 23 | if type is None: |
| 24 | try: |
| 25 | self.gen.next() |
| 26 | except StopIteration: |
| 27 | return |
| 28 | else: |
| 29 | raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop") |
| 30 | else: |
| 31 | try: |
| 32 | self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback) |
| 33 | except StopIteration: |
| 34 | pass |
| 35 | |
| 36 | |
| 37 | def contextmanager(func): |
| 38 | """@contextmanager decorator. |
| 39 | |
| 40 | Typical usage: |
| 41 | |
| 42 | @contextmanager |
| 43 | def some_generator(<arguments>): |
| 44 | <setup> |
| 45 | try: |
| 46 | yield <value> |
| 47 | finally: |
| 48 | <cleanup> |
| 49 | |
| 50 | This makes this: |
| 51 | |
| 52 | with some_generator(<arguments>) as <variable>: |
| 53 | <body> |
| 54 | |
| 55 | equivalent to this: |
| 56 | |
| 57 | <setup> |
| 58 | try: |
| 59 | <variable> = <value> |
| 60 | <body> |
| 61 | finally: |
| 62 | <cleanup> |
| 63 | |
| 64 | """ |
| 65 | def helper(*args, **kwds): |
| 66 | return GeneratorContextManager(func(*args, **kwds)) |
| 67 | try: |
| 68 | helper.__name__ = func.__name__ |
| 69 | helper.__doc__ = func.__doc__ |
| 70 | except: |
| 71 | pass |
| 72 | return helper |
| 73 | |
| 74 | |
| 75 | @contextmanager |
| 76 | def nested(*contexts): |
| 77 | """Support multiple context managers in a single with-statement. |
| 78 | |
| 79 | Code like this: |
| 80 | |
| 81 | with nested(A, B, C) as (X, Y, Z): |
| 82 | <body> |
| 83 | |
| 84 | is equivalent to this: |
| 85 | |
| 86 | with A as X: |
| 87 | with B as Y: |
| 88 | with C as Z: |
| 89 | <body> |
| 90 | |
| 91 | """ |
| 92 | exits = [] |
| 93 | vars = [] |
| Guido van Rossum | 1a5e21e | 2006-02-28 21:57:43 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 94 | try: |
| 95 | try: |
| 96 | for context in contexts: |
| 97 | mgr = context.__context__() |
| 98 | exit = mgr.__exit__ |
| 99 | enter = mgr.__enter__ |
| 100 | vars.append(enter()) |
| 101 | exits.append(exit) |
| 102 | yield vars |
| 103 | except: |
| 104 | exc = sys.exc_info() |
| Guido van Rossum | a9f0687 | 2006-03-01 17:10:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 105 | else: |
| 106 | exc = (None, None, None) |
| Guido van Rossum | 1a5e21e | 2006-02-28 21:57:43 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 107 | finally: |
| 108 | while exits: |
| 109 | exit = exits.pop() |
| 110 | try: |
| 111 | exit(*exc) |
| 112 | except: |
| 113 | exc = sys.exc_info() |
| Guido van Rossum | a9f0687 | 2006-03-01 17:10:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 114 | else: |
| 115 | exc = (None, None, None) |
| Guido van Rossum | 1a5e21e | 2006-02-28 21:57:43 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 116 | if exc != (None, None, None): |
| 117 | raise |
| 118 | |
| 119 | |
| 120 | @contextmanager |
| 121 | def closing(thing): |
| 122 | """Context manager to automatically close something at the end of a block. |
| 123 | |
| 124 | Code like this: |
| 125 | |
| 126 | with closing(<module>.open(<arguments>)) as f: |
| 127 | <block> |
| 128 | |
| 129 | is equivalent to this: |
| 130 | |
| 131 | f = <module>.open(<arguments>) |
| 132 | try: |
| 133 | <block> |
| 134 | finally: |
| 135 | f.close() |
| 136 | |
| 137 | """ |
| 138 | try: |
| 139 | yield thing |
| 140 | finally: |
| 141 | thing.close() |