Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | This is Python release 1.5 beta 2 |
Guido van Rossum | f501b4e | 1996-10-25 14:32:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2 | ================================== |
Guido van Rossum | faf681a | 1996-06-20 14:32:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4 | The official release date for this version is Friday, December 12, |
| 5 | 1997. |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
Guido van Rossum | 8d7d4ed | 1996-07-30 21:41:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 8 | What's new in this release? |
| 9 | --------------------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 3ff96dd | 1996-07-30 18:05:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 10 | |
Guido van Rossum | 66d010a | 1997-11-26 17:37:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 11 | There's a loooong list of changes since release 1.4 in the file |
| 12 | Misc/NEWS. Some highlights: |
Guido van Rossum | 33fde57 | 1997-05-09 02:40:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 13 | |
Guido van Rossum | 66d010a | 1997-11-26 17:37:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 14 | - It's much faster (almost twice for the Lib/test/pystone.py |
| 15 | benchmark.) |
Guido van Rossum | b06df27 | 1997-08-05 21:50:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 16 | |
Guido van Rossum | 66d010a | 1997-11-26 17:37:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 17 | - There is now an assert statement: ``assert <condition>'' or |
| 18 | ``assert <condition>, <errormessage>''. It raises AssertionError if |
| 19 | the condition evaluates to false. The default error message is |
| 20 | empty; the source text of the assertion statement is printed as part |
| 21 | of the traceback. |
| 22 | |
| 23 | - There is now built-in support for importing hierarchical module |
| 24 | names (e.g. "import spam.ham.eggs"); ni is declared obsolete. Note |
| 25 | that the built-in package support is somewhat simpler (no __ and |
| 26 | __domain__) and differs in one crucial aspect: __init__.py is |
| 27 | required, and loaded in the package's namespace instead of as a |
| 28 | submodule. For more information, see |
| 29 | http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/python/essays/packages.html. |
| 30 | |
| 31 | - The new "re" module (Perl style regular expressions) is here. It |
| 32 | is based on Philip Hazel's pcre code; the Python interfaces were put |
Guido van Rossum | b7f454d | 1997-12-02 19:44:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 33 | together by Andrew Kuchling, Tim Peters and Jeffrey Ollie. The |
| 34 | regex module is declared obsolete. |
Guido van Rossum | 66d010a | 1997-11-26 17:37:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 35 | |
| 36 | - In support of the re module, a new form of string literals is |
| 37 | introduced, "raw strings": e.g. r"\n" is equal to "\\n". |
| 38 | |
| 39 | - All standard exceptions and most exceptions defined in standard |
| 40 | extension modules are now classes. Use python -X to revert back to |
| 41 | string exceptions. See |
| 42 | http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/python/essays/stdexceptions.html |
| 43 | for more info. |
| 44 | |
| 45 | - Comparisons can now raise exceptions (previously, exceptions |
| 46 | occuring during comparisons were swept under the rug). |
| 47 | |
| 48 | - New dictionary methods: .clear(), .copy(), .update(), .get(). The |
| 49 | first two are obvious; d1.update(d2) is equivalent to the for loop |
| 50 | ``for k in d2.keys(): d1[k] = d2[k]''; and d.get(k) returns d[k] if |
| 51 | it exists and None (or the optional second argument) if not. |
| 52 | |
| 53 | - There is a new regression test harness, which tests many more |
Guido van Rossum | 8253671 | 1997-11-26 21:20:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 54 | modules. (To run the tests, do "import test.autotest".) |
Guido van Rossum | 66d010a | 1997-11-26 17:37:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 55 | |
| 56 | - The interpreter is much smarter about the initial value for |
| 57 | sys.path; you can control it easier using $PYTHONHOME (see the usage |
| 58 | message, e.g. try ``python -h''). In most situations, the |
| 59 | interpreter can be installed at an arbitrary location without having |
| 60 | to recompile. |
| 61 | |
| 62 | - The build process now builds a single library (libpython1.5.a) |
| 63 | which contains everything except for the main() entry point. This |
| 64 | makes life much easier for applications that embed Python. |
| 65 | |
| 66 | - There is much better support for embedding, including threads, |
| 67 | multiple interpreters(!), uninitialization, and access to the global |
| 68 | interpreter lock. |
| 69 | |
| 70 | - There is a -O option that removes SET_LINENO instructions, assert |
| 71 | statements and code prefixed with ``if __debug__: ...''. (It still |
| 72 | only makes a few percent difference, so don't get all worked up |
| 73 | about this.) |
| 74 | |
| 75 | - The Grand Renaming is completed: all linker-visible symbols |
| 76 | defined by Python now have a "Py" or "_Py" prefix, and the same is |
| 77 | true for most macros and typedefs. |
| 78 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 79 | If you previously downloaded 1.5b1, here are the most relevant changes |
| 80 | since then (of course all known bugs have been fixed, leaks plugged, |
| 81 | and some documentation has been added). The full list of changes |
| 82 | since 1.5b1 is presented at the end of the Misc/NEWS file. |
Guido van Rossum | 66d010a | 1997-11-26 17:37:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 83 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 84 | - Thanks to all who contributed doc strings for library modules! |
Guido van Rossum | b06df27 | 1997-08-05 21:50:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 85 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 86 | - The portability problems caused by indented preprocessor commands |
| 87 | and C++ style comments should be gone now. |
Guido van Rossum | b06df27 | 1997-08-05 21:50:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 88 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 89 | - Lots of improvements to python-mode.el again. |
Guido van Rossum | b06df27 | 1997-08-05 21:50:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 90 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 91 | - Changes in pickle.py and cPickle.c: when unpickling an instance of |
| 92 | a class that doesn't define the __getinitargs__() method, the |
| 93 | __init__() constructor is no longer called. This makes a much |
| 94 | larger group of classes picklable by default, but may occasionally |
| 95 | change semantics. To force calling __init__() on unpickling, define |
| 96 | a __getinitargs__() method. Other changes too, in particular |
| 97 | cPickle now handles classes defined in packages correctly. The |
| 98 | same change applies to copying instances with copy.py. |
Guido van Rossum | b06df27 | 1997-08-05 21:50:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 99 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 100 | - Locale support in the "re" (Perl regular expressions) module. Use |
| 101 | the flag re.L (or re.LOCALE) to enable locale-specific matching |
| 102 | rules for \w and \b. The in-line syntax for this flag is (?L). |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 103 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 104 | - The built-in function isinstance(x, y) now also succeeds when y is |
| 105 | a type object and type(x) is y. |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 106 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 107 | - repr() and str() of class and instance objects now reflect the |
| 108 | package/module in which the class is defined. |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 109 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 110 | - Module "ni" has been removed. (If you really need it, it's been |
| 111 | renamed to "ni1". Let me know if this causes any problems for you. |
| 112 | Package authors are encouraged to write __init__.py files that |
| 113 | support both ni and 1.5 package support, so the same version can be |
| 114 | used with Python 1.4 as well as 1.5.) |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 115 | |
Guido van Rossum | 7980826 | 1997-12-11 18:01:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 116 | - The thread module is now automatically included when threads are |
| 117 | configured. (You must remove it from your existing Setup file, |
| 118 | since it is now in its own Setup.thread file.) |
| 119 | |
| 120 | - New command line option "-x" to skip the first line of the script; |
| 121 | handy to make executable scripts on non-Unix platforms. |
| 122 | |
| 123 | - In importdl.c, add the RTLD_GLOBAL to the dlopen() flags. I |
| 124 | haven't checked how this affects things, but it should make symbols |
| 125 | in one shared library available to the next one. |
| 126 | |
| 127 | - The Windows configuration adds a new main program, "pythonw", and |
| 128 | registers a new extension, ".pyw" that invokes this. This is a |
| 129 | standard Python interpreter that does not pop up a console window; |
| 130 | handy for pure Tkinter applications. All output to the original |
| 131 | stdout and stderr is lost; reading from the original stdin yields |
| 132 | EOF. |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 133 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 134 | |
| 135 | If you don't read instructions |
| 136 | ------------------------------ |
| 137 | |
| 138 | Congratulations on getting this far. :-) |
| 139 | |
| 140 | To start building right away (on UNIX): type "./configure" in the |
| 141 | current directory and when it finishes, type "make". The section |
| 142 | Build Instructions below is still recommended reading. :-) |
Guido van Rossum | 3ff96dd | 1996-07-30 18:05:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 143 | |
| 144 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 145 | What is Python anyway? |
| 146 | ---------------------- |
| 147 | |
| 148 | Python is an interpreted object-oriented programming language, and is |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 149 | often compared to Tcl, Perl, Java or Scheme. To find out more, point |
| 150 | your browser to http://www.python.org/. |
| 151 | |
| 152 | |
| 153 | A modest plug |
| 154 | ------------- |
| 155 | |
| 156 | ************************************************************************ |
| 157 | * Without your support, I won't be able to continue to work on Python! * |
| 158 | ************************************************************************ |
| 159 | |
| 160 | If you use Python, please consider joining the Python Software |
| 161 | Activity (PSA). See http://www.python.org/psa/. |
| 162 | |
| 163 | Organizations that make heavy use of Python are especially encouraged |
| 164 | to become corporate members! |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 165 | |
| 166 | |
Guido van Rossum | f501b4e | 1996-10-25 14:32:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 167 | How do I learn Python? |
| 168 | ---------------------- |
| 169 | |
| 170 | The official tutorial is still a good place to start (in the Doc |
| 171 | directory as tut.tex; and http://www.python.org/doc/tut/tut.html). |
| 172 | Aaron Watters wrote a second tutorial, that may be more accessible for |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 173 | some: http://www.wcmh.com/uworld/archives/95/tutorial/005.html. Both |
| 174 | tutorials (as well as most other sources) assume that you already know |
| 175 | how to program -- if you'd like to write "Python for Dummies", I know |
| 176 | a publisher who would like to talk to you... |
Guido van Rossum | f501b4e | 1996-10-25 14:32:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 177 | |
Guido van Rossum | 8d90f9d | 1997-05-22 20:13:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 178 | There are now also several books on Python. While these are still |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 179 | based on Python 1.3 or 1.4, the information in them is still 99% |
| 180 | correct. The first two books, both first published in October 1996 |
| 181 | and both including a CD-ROM, form excellent companions to each other: |
Guido van Rossum | f501b4e | 1996-10-25 14:32:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 182 | |
| 183 | Internet Programming with Python |
| 184 | by Aaron Watters, Guido van Rossum, and James Ahlstrom |
| 185 | MIS Press/Henry Holt publishers |
| 186 | ISBN: 1-55851-484-8 |
| 187 | |
| 188 | Programming Python |
| 189 | by Mark Lutz |
| 190 | O'Reilly & Associates |
| 191 | ISBN: 1-56592-197-6 |
| 192 | |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 193 | If you can read German, try: |
Guido van Rossum | 8d90f9d | 1997-05-22 20:13:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 194 | |
| 195 | Das Python-Buch |
| 196 | by Martin von Loewis and Nils Fischbeck |
| 197 | Addison-Wesley-Longman, 1997 |
| 198 | ISBN: 3-8273-1110-1 |
| 199 | |
Guido van Rossum | f501b4e | 1996-10-25 14:32:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 200 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 201 | Copyright issues |
| 202 | ---------------- |
| 203 | |
| 204 | Python is COPYRIGHTED but free to use for all. See the full copyright |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 205 | notice at the end of this file and in the file Misc/COPYRIGHT. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 206 | |
| 207 | The Python distribution is *not* affected by the GNU Public Licence |
| 208 | (GPL). There are interfaces to some GNU code but these are entirely |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 209 | optional and no GNU code is distributed with Python. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 210 | |
Guido van Rossum | 627b2d7 | 1993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 211 | |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 212 | Build instructions |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 213 | ================== |
Guido van Rossum | 627b2d7 | 1993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 214 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 215 | Before you can build Python, you must first configure it. |
| 216 | Fortunately, the configuration and build process has been streamlined |
| 217 | for most Unix installations, so all you have to do is type a few |
| 218 | commands, optionally edit one file, and sit back. There are some |
| 219 | platforms where things are not quite as smooth; see the platform |
| 220 | specific notes below. If you want to build for multiple platforms |
| 221 | sharing the same source tree, see the section on VPATH below. |
Guido van Rossum | 627b2d7 | 1993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 222 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 223 | You start by running the script "./configure", which figures out your |
| 224 | system configuration and creates several Makefiles. (It takes a |
| 225 | minute or two -- please be patient!) When it's done, you are ready to |
| 226 | run make. You may want to pass options to the configure script -- see |
| 227 | the section below on configuration options and variables. |
| 228 | |
| 229 | To build Python, you normally type "make" in the toplevel directory. |
| 230 | This will recursively run make in each of the subdirectories Parser, |
| 231 | Objects, Python and Modules, creating a library file in each one. The |
| 232 | executable of the interpreter is built in the Modules subdirectory and |
| 233 | moved up here when it is built. If you want or need to, you can also |
| 234 | chdir into each subdirectory in turn and run make there manually (do |
| 235 | the Modules subdirectory last!). |
| 236 | |
| 237 | Once you have built an interpreter, see the subsections below on |
| 238 | testing, configuring additional modules, and installation. If you run |
| 239 | in trouble, see the next section. |
Guido van Rossum | 627b2d7 | 1993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 240 | |
Guido van Rossum | 0a516c9 | 1994-09-12 10:58:40 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 241 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 242 | Troubleshooting |
| 243 | --------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 627b2d7 | 1993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 244 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 245 | See also the platform specific notes in the next section. |
| 246 | |
Guido van Rossum | faf681a | 1996-06-20 14:32:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 247 | If recursive makes fail, try invoking make as "make MAKE=make". |
| 248 | |
Guido van Rossum | 4952369 | 1997-08-15 18:30:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 249 | If you run into other trouble, see section 3 of the FAQ |
| 250 | (http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/cgi-bin/faqw.py or |
| 251 | http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html) for hints on what can go wrong, |
| 252 | and how to fix it. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 253 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 254 | If you rerun the configure script with different options, remove all |
| 255 | object files by running "make clean" before rebuilding. Believe it or |
| 256 | not, "make clean" sometimes helps to clean up other inexplicable |
| 257 | problems as well. Try it before sending in a bug report! |
| 258 | |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 259 | If the configure script fails or doesn't seem to find things that |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 260 | should be there, inspect the config.log file. When you fix a |
| 261 | configure problem, be sure to remove config.cache! |
| 262 | |
| 263 | If you get a warning for every file about the -Olimit option being no |
| 264 | longer supported, you can ignore it. There's no foolproof way to know |
| 265 | whether this option is needed; all I can do is test whether it is |
| 266 | accepted without error. On some systems, e.g. older SGI compilers, it |
| 267 | is essential for performance (specifically when compiling ceval.c, |
| 268 | which has more basic blocks than the default limit of 1000). If the |
| 269 | warning bothers you, edit the Makefile to remove "-Olimit 1500" from |
| 270 | the OPT variable. |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 271 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 272 | |
| 273 | Platform specific notes |
| 274 | ----------------------- |
| 275 | |
Guido van Rossum | 0447a32 | 1995-10-08 01:22:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 276 | (Some of these may no longer apply. If you find you can build Python |
| 277 | on these platforms without the special directions mentioned here, let |
| 278 | me know so I can remove them!) |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 279 | |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 280 | 64-bit platforms: The modules audioop, imageop and rgbimg don't work. |
| 281 | Don't try to enable them in the Modules/Setup file. They |
| 282 | contain code that is quite wordsize sensitive. (If you have a |
| 283 | fix, let me know!) |
| 284 | |
Guido van Rossum | 4462e93 | 1997-01-22 21:00:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 285 | Solaris: When using Sun's C compiler with threads, at least on Solaris |
| 286 | 2.5.1, you need to add the "-mt" compiler option (the simplest |
| 287 | way is probably to specify the compiler with this option as |
| 288 | the "CC" environment variable when running the configure |
| 289 | script). |
| 290 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 291 | Linux: On Linux version 1.x, once you've built Python, use it to run |
| 292 | the regen script in the Lib/linux1 directory. Apparently |
| 293 | the files as distributed don't match the system headers on |
| 294 | some Linux versions. (The "h2py" command refers to |
| 295 | Tools/scripts/h2py.py.) The modules distributed for Linux 2.x |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 296 | should be okay. Shared library support now works by default |
Guido van Rossum | 4462e93 | 1997-01-22 21:00:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 297 | on ELF-based x86 Linux systems. (Note: when you change the |
| 298 | status of a module from static to shared, you must remove its |
| 299 | .o file or do a "make clean".) |
| 300 | |
Fred Drake | 6128091 | 1997-12-08 14:10:40 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 301 | Under RedHat Linux 5.0, if upgraded from a previous version, |
| 302 | remove the LinuxThreads packages. This is needed because |
| 303 | LinuxThreads conflicts with the new thread support provided by |
| 304 | glibc. Before running Python's configure script, use the |
| 305 | following commands as root (version numbers may differ; these |
| 306 | are from a stock 4.2 install): |
| 307 | |
| 308 | % rpm -qa | grep ^linuxthread |
| 309 | linuxthreads-0.5-1 |
| 310 | linuxthreads-devel-0.5-1 |
| 311 | % rpm -e linuxthreads linuxthreads-devel |
| 312 | |
| 313 | While Python only needs this to be done to allow thread |
| 314 | support to be included, the conflicts these packages create |
| 315 | with the new glibc may cause other packages which use threads |
| 316 | to fail as well, so their removal is a good idea regardless of |
| 317 | how you configure python. |
| 318 | |
| 319 | Also under RedHat Linux 5.0, the crypt module now needs the |
| 320 | -lcrypt option. Uncomment this flag in Modules/Setup, or |
| 321 | comment out the crypt module in the same file. |
| 322 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6ae5d3d | 1997-05-14 21:39:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 323 | DEC Unix: When enabling threads, use --with-dec-threads, not |
Guido van Rossum | 4462e93 | 1997-01-22 21:00:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 324 | --with-thread. |
Guido van Rossum | 8eca2c2 | 1996-02-14 18:37:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 325 | |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 326 | AIX: A complete overhaul of the shared library support is now in |
Guido van Rossum | cbfcb17 | 1997-10-20 22:57:00 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 327 | place. See Misc/AIX-NOTES for some notes on how it's done. |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 328 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6ae5d3d | 1997-05-14 21:39:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 329 | WARNING! In some versions of AIX, you get errors about |
Guido van Rossum | a3b4b61 | 1996-07-21 02:48:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 330 | Invalid Indent when running the Python test set. This appears |
| 331 | to be a bug in the AIX compiler. Rebuild Parser/tokenizer.c |
Guido van Rossum | 6ae5d3d | 1997-05-14 21:39:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 332 | using OPT="" or OPT=-g, or use gcc. According to the latest |
| 333 | reports, it seems this compiler bug is still present in 4.2.1. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 334 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 335 | Minix: When using ack, use "CC=cc AR=aal RANLIB=: ./configure"! |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 336 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 337 | SCO: 1) Everything works much better if you add -U__STDC__ to the |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 338 | defs. This is because all the SCO header files are broken. |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 339 | Anything that isn't mentioned in the C standard is |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 340 | conditionally excluded when __STDC__ is defined. |
| 341 | |
| 342 | 2) Due to the U.S. export restrictions, SCO broke the crypt |
| 343 | stuff out into a separate library, libcrypt_i.a so the LIBS |
| 344 | needed be set to: |
| 345 | |
| 346 | LIBS=' -lsocket -lcrypt_i' |
| 347 | |
Guido van Rossum | a3b4b61 | 1996-07-21 02:48:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 348 | 3) According to at least one report, the above apply only to |
| 349 | SCO 3 -- Python builds out of the box on SCO 5. |
| 350 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 351 | SunOS 4.x: When using the standard "cc" compiler, certain modules may |
| 352 | |
| 353 | not be compilable because they use non-K&R syntax. You should |
| 354 | be able to get a basic Python interpreter by commenting out |
| 355 | such modules in the Modules/Setup file, but I really recommend |
| 356 | using gcc. |
| 357 | |
| 358 | When using the SunPro C compiler, you may want to use the |
| 359 | '-Xa' option instead of '-Xc', to enable some needed non-ANSI |
| 360 | Sunisms. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 361 | |
Guido van Rossum | cc55c2d | 1996-10-21 15:14:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 362 | NeXT: To build fat binaries, use the --with-next-archs switch |
| 363 | described below. |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 364 | |
Guido van Rossum | b7f454d | 1997-12-02 19:44:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 365 | QNX: Chris Herborth (chrish@qnx.com) writes: |
| 366 | configure works best if you use GNU bash; a port is available on |
| 367 | ftp.qnx.com in /usr/free. I used the following process to build, |
| 368 | test and install Python 1.5 under QNX: |
| 369 | |
| 370 | 1) SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash CC=cc CFLAGS=-5 -O RANLIB=: \ |
| 371 | bash ./configure --verbose --without-gcc --with-libm="" |
| 372 | |
| 373 | 2) copy Modules/Setup.in to Modules/Setup; edit Modules/Setup to |
| 374 | activate everything that makes sense for your system... tested |
| 375 | here at QNX with the following modules: |
| 376 | |
| 377 | regex reop pcre posix signal readline array cmath math strop |
| 378 | struct time operator _locale fcntl pwd grp crypt select socket |
| 379 | errno termios audioop imageop rgbimg md5 timing rotor syslog |
| 380 | new gdbm soundex binascii parser cStringIO cPickle zlib |
| 381 | |
| 382 | 3) SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash |
| 383 | |
| 384 | 4) SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash test |
| 385 | |
| 386 | The socket, strftime and possibly gdbm tests might fail in the |
| 387 | test harness; going through them by hand shows that they work. |
| 388 | A good exercise for the reader: make these work "out of the box". |
| 389 | |
| 390 | 5) SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash install |
| 391 | |
| 392 | If you get SIGSEGVs while running Python (I haven't yet, but I've |
| 393 | only run small programs and the test cases), you're probably running |
| 394 | out of stack; the default 32k could be a little tight. To increase |
| 395 | the stack size, edit the Makefile in the Modules directory to read: |
Guido van Rossum | 40d6358 | 1997-08-14 19:45:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 396 | LDFLAGS = -N 48k |
| 397 | |
Guido van Rossum | 1bf0bf4 | 1997-08-20 23:50:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 398 | Cray T3E: Konrad Hinsen writes: |
| 399 | 1) Don't use gcc. It compiles Python/graminit.c into something that |
| 400 | the Cray assembler doesn't like. Cray's cc seems to work fine. |
| 401 | 2) Uncomment modules md5 (won't compile) and audioop (will crash |
| 402 | the interpreter during the test suite). |
| 403 | If you run the test suite, two tests will fail (rotate and binascii), |
| 404 | but these are not the modules you'd expect to need on a Cray. |
| 405 | |
Guido van Rossum | 0078aaf | 1997-08-21 03:05:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 406 | SGI: SGI's standard "make" utility (/bin/make or /usr/bin/make) |
| 407 | does not check whether a command actually changed the file it |
| 408 | is supposed to build. This means that whenever you say "make" |
| 409 | it will redo the link step. The remedy is to use SGI's much |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 410 | smarter "smake " utility (/usr/sbin/smake), or GNU make. If |
| 411 | you set the first line of the Makefile to #!/usr/sbin/smake |
| 412 | smake will be invoked by make (likewise for GNU make). |
Guido van Rossum | 0078aaf | 1997-08-21 03:05:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 413 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 414 | OS/2: If you are running Warp3 or Warp4 and have IBM's VisualAge C/C++ |
| 415 | compiler installed, just change into the pc\os2vacpp directory |
| 416 | and type NMAKE. Threading and sockets are supported by default |
| 417 | in the resulting binaries of PYTHON15.DLL and PYTHON.EXE. |
| 418 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 419 | |
| 420 | Configuring additional built-in modules |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 421 | --------------------------------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 19e0c26 | 1995-01-17 16:36:34 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 422 | |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 423 | You can configure the interpreter to contain fewer or more built-in |
| 424 | modules by editing the file Modules/Setup. This file is initially |
| 425 | copied (when the toplevel Makefile makes Modules/Makefile for the |
| 426 | first time) from Setup.in; if it does not exist yet, make a copy |
| 427 | yourself. Never edit Setup.in -- always edit Setup. Read the |
| 428 | comments in the file for information on what kind of edits you can |
| 429 | make. When you have edited Setup, Makefile and config.c in Modules |
| 430 | will automatically be rebuilt the next time you run make in the |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 431 | toplevel directory. (When working inside the Modules directory, use |
| 432 | "make Makefile; make".) |
Guido van Rossum | 627b2d7 | 1993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 433 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 434 | The default collection of modules should build on any Unix system, but |
| 435 | many optional modules should work on all modern Unices (e.g. try dbm, |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 436 | nis, termios, timing, syslog, curses, new, soundex, parser). Often |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 437 | the quickest way to determine whether a particular module works or not |
| 438 | is to see if it will build: enable it in Setup, then if you get |
| 439 | compilation or link errors, disable it -- you're missing support. |
| 440 | |
| 441 | On SGI IRIX, there are modules that interface to many SGI specific |
| 442 | system libraries, e.g. the GL library and the audio hardware. |
| 443 | |
| 444 | For SunOS and Solaris, enable module "sunaudiodev" to support the |
| 445 | audio device. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 446 | |
Guido van Rossum | 4462e93 | 1997-01-22 21:00:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 447 | In addition to the file Setup, you can also edit the file Setup.local. |
| 448 | (the makesetup script processes both). You may find it more |
| 449 | convenient to edit Setup.local and leave Setup alone. Then, when |
| 450 | installing a new Python version, you can copy your old Setup.local |
| 451 | file. |
| 452 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 453 | |
| 454 | Setting the optimization/debugging options |
| 455 | ------------------------------------------ |
| 456 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 457 | If you want or need to change the optimization/debugging options for |
| 458 | the C compiler, assign to the OPT variable on the toplevel make |
| 459 | command; e.g. "make OPT=-g" will build a debugging version of Python |
| 460 | on most platforms. The default is OPT=-O; a value for OPT in the |
| 461 | environment when the configure script is run overrides this default |
| 462 | (likewise for CC; and the initial value for LIBS is used as the base |
| 463 | set of libraries to link with). |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 464 | |
| 465 | |
| 466 | Testing |
| 467 | ------- |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 468 | |
| 469 | To test the interpreter that you have just built, type "make test". |
Guido van Rossum | 6ae5d3d | 1997-05-14 21:39:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 470 | This runs the test set twice (once with no compiled files, once with |
| 471 | the compiled files left by the previous test run). The test set |
| 472 | produces some output. You can generally ignore the messages about |
| 473 | skipped tests due to an optional feature that can't be imported (if |
| 474 | you want to test those modules, edit Modules/Setup to configure them). |
| 475 | If a messages is printed about a failed test or a traceback or core |
| 476 | dump is produced, something's wrong. On some systems, test_strftime |
| 477 | fails due to a non-standard implementation of strftime() in the C |
| 478 | library. This can be ignored (or you can complain to your vendor). |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 479 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 480 | IMPORTANT: If the tests fail and you decide to mail a bug report, |
| 481 | *don't* include the output of "make test". It is useless. Run the |
Guido van Rossum | 6ae5d3d | 1997-05-14 21:39:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 482 | test that fails manually, as follows: |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 483 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6ae5d3d | 1997-05-14 21:39:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 484 | python ../Lib/test/test_whatever.py |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 485 | |
| 486 | (substituting the top of the source tree for .. if you built in a |
Guido van Rossum | 6ae5d3d | 1997-05-14 21:39:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 487 | different directory). This runs the test in verbose mode. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 488 | |
| 489 | |
| 490 | Installing |
| 491 | ---------- |
| 492 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 493 | To install the Python binary, library modules, shared library modules |
| 494 | (see below), include files, configuration files, and the manual page, |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 495 | just type |
| 496 | |
| 497 | make install |
| 498 | |
| 499 | This will install all platform-independent files in subdirectories the |
| 500 | directory given with the --prefix option to configure or the 'prefix' |
| 501 | Make variable (default /usr/local), and all binary and other |
| 502 | platform-specific files in subdirectories if the directory given by |
| 503 | --exec-prefix or the 'exec_prefix' Make variable (defaults to the |
| 504 | --prefix directory). |
| 505 | |
| 506 | All subdirectories created will have Python's version number in their |
| 507 | name, e.g. the library modules are installed in |
| 508 | "/usr/local/lib/python1.5/" by default. The Python binary is |
| 509 | installed as "python1.5" and a hard link named "python" is created. |
| 510 | The only file not installed with a version number in its name is the |
| 511 | manual page, installed as "/usr/local/man/man1/python.1" by default. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 512 | |
Guido van Rossum | 4952369 | 1997-08-15 18:30:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 513 | If you have a previous installation of a pre-1.5 Python that you don't |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 514 | want to replace yet, use |
| 515 | |
| 516 | make altinstall |
| 517 | |
| 518 | This installs the same set of files as "make install" except it |
| 519 | doesn't create the hard link to "python1.5" named "python" and it |
| 520 | doesn't install the manual page at all. |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 521 | |
| 522 | The only thing you may have to install manually is the Python mode for |
| 523 | Emacs. (But then again, more recent versions of Emacs may already |
| 524 | have it!) This is the file Misc/python-mode.el; follow the |
| 525 | instructions that came with Emacs for installation of site specific |
| 526 | files. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 527 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 528 | |
| 529 | Configuration options and variables |
| 530 | ----------------------------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 531 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 532 | Some special cases are handled by passing options to the configure |
| 533 | script. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 534 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 535 | WARNING: if you rerun the configure script with different options, you |
| 536 | must run "make clean" before rebuilding. Exceptions to this rule: |
| 537 | after changing --prefix or --exec-prefix, all you need to do is remove |
Guido van Rossum | b06df27 | 1997-08-05 21:50:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 538 | Modules/getpath.o. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 539 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 540 | --with(out)-gcc: The configure script uses gcc (the GNU C compiler) if |
| 541 | it finds it. If you don't want this, or if this compiler is |
| 542 | installed but broken on your platform, pass the option |
| 543 | --without-gcc. You can also pass "CC=cc" (or whatever the |
| 544 | name of the proper C compiler is) in the environment, but the |
| 545 | advantage of using --without-gcc is that this option is |
| 546 | remembered by the config.status script for its --recheck |
| 547 | option. |
Guido van Rossum | 76be6ed | 1995-01-02 18:33:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 548 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 549 | --prefix, --exec-prefix: If you want to install the binaries and the |
| 550 | Python library somewhere else than in /usr/local/{bin,lib}, |
| 551 | you can pass the option --prefix=DIRECTORY; the interpreter |
| 552 | binary will be installed as DIRECTORY/bin/python and the |
| 553 | library files as DIRECTORY/lib/python/*. If you pass |
| 554 | --exec-prefix=DIRECTORY (as well) this overrides the |
| 555 | installation prefix for architecture-dependent files (like the |
| 556 | interpreter binary). Note that --prefix=DIRECTORY also |
| 557 | affects the default module search path (sys.path), when |
| 558 | Modules/config.c is compiled. Passing make the option |
| 559 | prefix=DIRECTORY (and/or exec_prefix=DIRECTORY) overrides the |
| 560 | prefix set at configuration time; this may be more convenient |
| 561 | than re-running the configure script if you change your mind |
| 562 | about the install prefix... |
Guido van Rossum | 76be6ed | 1995-01-02 18:33:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 563 | |
Guido van Rossum | b06df27 | 1997-08-05 21:50:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 564 | --with-readline: This option is no longer supported. To use GNU |
| 565 | readline, enable module "readline" in the Modules/Setup file. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 566 | |
Guido van Rossum | faf681a | 1996-06-20 14:32:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 567 | --with-thread: On most Unix systems, you can now use multiple threads. |
Guido van Rossum | 4462e93 | 1997-01-22 21:00:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 568 | To enable this, pass --with-thread. (--with-threads is an |
| 569 | alias.) If the library required for threads lives in a |
Guido van Rossum | 8d90f9d | 1997-05-22 20:13:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 570 | peculiar place, you can use --with-thread=DIRECTORY. NOTE: |
| 571 | you must also enable the thread module by uncommenting it in |
| 572 | the Modules/Setup file. (Threads aren't enabled automatically |
| 573 | because there are run-time penalties when support for them is |
| 574 | compiled in even if you don't use them.) IMPORTANT: run "make |
| 575 | clean" after changing (either enabling or disabling) this |
| 576 | option! Note: for DEC Unix use --with-dec-threads instead. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 577 | |
| 578 | --with-sgi-dl: On SGI IRIX 4, dynamic loading of extension modules is |
| 579 | supported by the "dl" library by Jack Jansen, which is |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 580 | ftp'able from ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dl-1.6.tar.Z. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 581 | This is enabled (after you've ftp'ed and compiled the dl |
| 582 | library!) by passing --with-sgi-dl=DIRECTORY where DIRECTORY |
| 583 | is the absolute pathname of the dl library. (Don't bother on |
| 584 | IRIX 5, it already has dynamic linking using SunOS style |
| 585 | shared libraries.) Support for this feature is deprecated. |
| 586 | |
| 587 | --with-dl-dld: Dynamic loading of modules is rumoured to be supported |
| 588 | on some other systems: VAX (Ultrix), Sun3 (SunOS 3.4), Sequent |
| 589 | Symmetry (Dynix), and Atari ST. This is done using a |
| 590 | combination of the GNU dynamic loading package |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 591 | (ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dl-dld-1.1.tar.Z) and an |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 592 | emulation of the SGI dl library mentioned above (the emulation |
| 593 | can be found at |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 594 | ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dld-3.2.3.tar.Z). To |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 595 | enable this, ftp and compile both libraries, then call the |
| 596 | configure passing it the option |
| 597 | --with-dl-dld=DL_DIRECTORY,DLD_DIRECTORY where DL_DIRECTORY is |
| 598 | the absolute pathname of the dl emulation library and |
| 599 | DLD_DIRECTORY is the absolute pathname of the GNU dld library. |
| 600 | (Don't bother on SunOS 4 or 5, they already have dynamic |
| 601 | linking using shared libraries.) Support for this feature is |
| 602 | deprecated. |
| 603 | |
| 604 | --with-libm, --with-libc: It is possible to specify alternative |
| 605 | versions for the Math library (default -lm) and the C library |
| 606 | (default the empty string) using the options |
| 607 | --with-libm=STRING and --with-libc=STRING, respectively. E.g. |
| 608 | if your system requires that you pass -lc_s to the C compiler |
| 609 | to use the shared C library, you can pass --with-libc=-lc_s. |
| 610 | These libraries are passed after all other libraries, the C |
| 611 | library last. |
Guido van Rossum | 3ff96dd | 1996-07-30 18:05:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 612 | |
| 613 | --with-next-archs='arch1 arch2': Under NEXTSTEP, this will build |
| 614 | all compiled binaries with the architectures listed. Includes |
| 615 | correctly setting the target architecture specific resource |
Guido van Rossum | cc55c2d | 1996-10-21 15:14:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 616 | directory. (This option is not supported on other platforms.) |
Guido van Rossum | 76be6ed | 1995-01-02 18:33:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 617 | |
Guido van Rossum | d02ba45 | 1996-07-31 17:36:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 618 | --with-libs='libs': Add 'libs' to the LIBS that the python |
| 619 | linked against. |
| 620 | |
Guido van Rossum | 76be6ed | 1995-01-02 18:33:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 621 | |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 622 | Building for multiple architectures (using the VPATH feature) |
| 623 | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 624 | |
| 625 | If your file system is shared between multiple architectures, it |
| 626 | usually is not necessary to make copies of the sources for each |
| 627 | architecture you want to support. If the make program supports the |
| 628 | VPATH feature, you can create an empty build directory for each |
| 629 | architecture, and in each directory run the configure script (on the |
| 630 | appropriate machine with the appropriate options). This creates the |
| 631 | necessary subdirectories and the Makefiles therein. The Makefiles |
| 632 | contain a line VPATH=... which points to directory containing the |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 633 | actual sources. (On SGI systems, use "smake -J1" instead of "make" if |
| 634 | you use VPATH -- don't try gnumake.) |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 635 | |
| 636 | For example, the following is all you need to build a minimal Python |
| 637 | in /usr/tmp/python (assuming ~guido/src/python is the toplevel |
| 638 | directory and you want to build in /usr/tmp/python): |
| 639 | |
| 640 | $ mkdir /usr/tmp/python |
| 641 | $ cd /usr/tmp/python |
| 642 | $ ~guido/src/python/configure |
| 643 | [...] |
| 644 | $ make |
| 645 | [...] |
| 646 | $ |
| 647 | |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 648 | Note that Modules/Makefile copies the original Setup file to the build |
| 649 | directory if it finds no Setup file there. This means that you can |
| 650 | edit the Setup file for each architecture independently. For this |
| 651 | reason, subsequent changes to the original Setup file are not tracked |
| 652 | automatically, as they might overwrite local changes. To force a copy |
| 653 | of a changed original Setup file, delete the target Setup file. (The |
| 654 | makesetup script supports multiple input files, so if you want to be |
| 655 | fancy you can change the rules to create an empty Setup.local if it |
| 656 | doesn't exist and run it with arguments $(srcdir)/Setup Setup.local; |
| 657 | however this assumes that you only need to add modules.) |
| 658 | |
| 659 | |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 660 | Building on non-UNIX systems |
| 661 | ---------------------------- |
| 662 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 663 | Building Python for a PC is now a piece of cake! |
Guido van Rossum | 8d7d4ed | 1996-07-30 21:41:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 664 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 665 | Enter the directory "PC" and read the file "readme.txt". Most popular |
| 666 | non-Unix PC platforms and compilers are supported (Unix ports to the |
| 667 | PC such as Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris-x86 of course use the standard |
| 668 | Unix build instructions). |
| 669 | |
| 670 | For the Mac, a separate source distribution will be made available, |
| 671 | for use with the CodeWarrior compiler. If you are interested in Mac |
| 672 | development, join the PythonMac Special Interest Group |
| 673 | (http://www.python.org/sigs/pythonmac-sig/, or send email to |
| 674 | pythonmac-sig-request@python.org). |
| 675 | |
| 676 | Of course, there are also binary distributions available for these |
| 677 | platforms -- see http://www.python.org/python/. |
| 678 | |
| 679 | To port Python to a new non-UNIX system, you will have to fake the |
| 680 | effect of running the configure script manually (for Mac and PC, this |
| 681 | has already been done for you). A good start is to copy the file |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 682 | config.h.in to config.h and edit the latter to reflect the actual |
| 683 | configuration of your system. Most symbols must simply be defined as |
| 684 | 1 only if the corresponding feature is present and can be left alone |
| 685 | otherwise; however RETSIGTYPE must always be defined, either as int or |
| 686 | as void, and the *_t type symbols must be defined as some variant of |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 687 | int if they need to be defined at all. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 688 | |
| 689 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 690 | |
| 691 | Miscellaneous issues |
| 692 | ==================== |
| 693 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 694 | Documentation |
| 695 | ------------- |
| 696 | |
| 697 | All documentation is provided in the subdirectory Doc in the form of |
| 698 | LaTeX files. In order of importance for new users: Tutorial (tut), |
| 699 | Library Reference (lib), Language Reference (ref), Extending (ext). |
| 700 | Especially the Library Reference is of immense value since much of |
| 701 | Python's power (including the built-in data types and functions!) is |
| 702 | described here. |
| 703 | |
Guido van Rossum | dfcf35d | 1996-08-26 17:52:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 704 | To print the documentation from the LaTeX files, chdir into the Doc |
| 705 | subdirectory, type "make" (let's hope you have LaTeX installed!), and |
| 706 | send the four resulting PostScript files (tut.ps, lib.ps, ref.ps, and |
| 707 | ext.ps) to the printer. See the README file there. If you don't have |
| 708 | LaTeX, you can ftp the PostScript files from the ftp archives (see |
| 709 | below). |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 710 | |
Guido van Rossum | dfcf35d | 1996-08-26 17:52:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 711 | All documentation is also available on-line via the Python web site |
| 712 | (http://www.python.org/, see below). It can also be downloaded |
| 713 | separately from the ftp archives (see below) in Emacs INFO, HTML or |
Guido van Rossum | 4952369 | 1997-08-15 18:30:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 714 | PostScript form -- see the web site or the FAQ |
| 715 | (http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/cgi-bin/faqw.py or |
| 716 | http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html) for more info. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 717 | |
| 718 | |
| 719 | Emacs mode |
| 720 | ---------- |
| 721 | |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 722 | There's an excellent Emacs editing mode for Python code; see the file |
| 723 | Misc/python-mode.el. Originally written by the famous Tim Peters, it |
| 724 | is now maintained by the equally famous Barry Warsaw |
| 725 | <bwarsaw@cnri.reston.va.us>. The latest version is online at |
| 726 | ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/emacs/python-mode.el. As you might expect of |
| 727 | Barry (and even if you don't know what the heck I'm talking about :-), |
| 728 | a configuration file for his cc-mode.el which selects the style used |
| 729 | throughout most Python C source files is also provided; see the file |
| 730 | Misc/ccpy-style.el. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 731 | |
| 732 | |
Guido van Rossum | 8d7d4ed | 1996-07-30 21:41:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 733 | Web site |
| 734 | -------- |
| 735 | |
| 736 | Python's own web site has URL http://www.python.org/. Come visit us! |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 737 | There are a number of mirrors, listed on the home page -- try a mirror |
| 738 | that's close you you. |
Guido van Rossum | 8d7d4ed | 1996-07-30 21:41:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 739 | |
| 740 | |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 741 | Ftp site |
| 742 | -------- |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 743 | |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 744 | Python's own ftp site is ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/. There are |
Guido van Rossum | 4952369 | 1997-08-15 18:30:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 745 | numerous mirrors; see http://www.python.org/python/Mirrors.html for a |
| 746 | list of mirror sites. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 747 | |
| 748 | |
| 749 | Newsgroup and mailing list |
| 750 | -------------------------- |
| 751 | |
Guido van Rossum | dfcf35d | 1996-08-26 17:52:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 752 | There are a newsgroup and a mailing list devoted to Python. The |
| 753 | newsgroup, comp.lang.python, contains exactly the same messages as the |
| 754 | mailing list (though not always in the same order, due to the |
| 755 | mysterious nature of the Usenet news distribution algorithm). To |
| 756 | subscribe to the mailing list, send mail containing your real name and |
| 757 | e-mail address to "python-list-request@cwi.nl". Use the same address |
| 758 | if you want to unsibscribed. (A real person reads these messages, so |
| 759 | no LISTPROC or Majordomo commands, please, and please be patient -- |
| 760 | normal turn-around time is about one working day.) |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 761 | |
Guido van Rossum | dfcf35d | 1996-08-26 17:52:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 762 | The Python web site contains a search form that lets you search the |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 763 | newsgroup archives (and the web site itself). Click on the "search" |
Guido van Rossum | dfcf35d | 1996-08-26 17:52:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 764 | link in the banner menu on any page of http://www.python.org/. |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 765 | |
| 766 | |
| 767 | Bug reports |
| 768 | ----------- |
| 769 | |
Guido van Rossum | dfcf35d | 1996-08-26 17:52:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 770 | Bugs are best reported to the comp.lang.python newsgroup or the Python |
Guido van Rossum | cc55c2d | 1996-10-21 15:14:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 771 | mailing list -- see the section "Newsgroup and mailing list" above. |
Guido van Rossum | dfcf35d | 1996-08-26 17:52:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 772 | Before posting, check the newsgroup archives (see above) to see if |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 773 | your bug has already been reported! If you don't want to go public, |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 774 | send them to me: <guido@python.org>. |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 775 | |
| 776 | |
| 777 | Questions |
| 778 | --------- |
| 779 | |
Guido van Rossum | 4952369 | 1997-08-15 18:30:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 780 | For help, if you can't find it in the manuals or on the web site, it's |
| 781 | best to post to the comp.lang.python or the Python mailing list (see |
| 782 | above). If you specifically don't want to involve the newsgroup or |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 783 | mailing list, send questions to <python-help@python.org> (a group of |
| 784 | volunteers which does *not* include me). Because of my work and email |
| 785 | volume, I'm often be slow in answering questions sent to me directly; |
| 786 | I prefer to answer questions posted to the newsgroup. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 787 | |
| 788 | |
| 789 | The Tk interface |
| 790 | ---------------- |
| 791 | |
| 792 | Tk (the user interface component of John Ousterhout's Tcl language) is |
| 793 | also usable from Python. Since this requires that you first build and |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 794 | install Tcl/Tk, the Tk interface is not enabled by default. Python |
| 795 | supports all Tcl/Tk versions from version 7.5/4.1 through 8.0 (and it |
| 796 | is expected that it will also work with newer versions). Tcl/Tk |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 797 | 7.4/4.0 is no longer supported. 8.0 or any later non-alpha non-beta |
| 798 | release is recommended. |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 799 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 800 | See http://sunscript.sun.com/ for more info on Tcl/Tk, including the |
| 801 | on-line manual pages. |
| 802 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 803 | |
| 804 | To enable the Python/Tk interface, once you've built and installed |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 805 | Tcl/Tk, load the file Modules/Setup in your favorite text editor and |
| 806 | search for the string "_tkinter". Then follow the instructions found |
| 807 | there. If you have installed Tcl/Tk or X11 in unusual places, you |
| 808 | will have to edit the first line to fix or add -I and -L options. |
| 809 | (Also see the general instructions at the top of that file.) |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 810 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 811 | There is little documentation on how to use Tkinter; however most of |
| 812 | the Tk manual pages apply quite straightforwardly. Begin with |
| 813 | fetching the "Tk Lifesaver" document, |
| 814 | e.g. ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/doc/tkinter-doc.tar.gz (a gzipped |
| 815 | tar file containing a PostScript file) or the on-line version |
| 816 | http://www.python.org/doc/life-preserver/index.html. Reading the |
| 817 | Tkinter.py source will reveal most details on how Tkinter calls are |
| 818 | translated into Tcl code. |
| 819 | |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 820 | A more recent introduction to Tkinter programming, by Fredrik Lundh, |
| 821 | is at http://www.pythonware.com/library/tkinter/introduction/index.htm. |
| 822 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 823 | There are demos in the Demo/tkinter directory, in the subdirectories |
| 824 | guido, matt and www (the matt and guido subdirectories have been |
| 825 | overhauled to use more recent Tkinter coding conventions). |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 826 | |
| 827 | Note that there's a Python module called "Tkinter" (capital T) which |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 828 | lives in Lib/tkinter/Tkinter.py, and a C module called "_tkinter" |
| 829 | (lower case t and leading underscore) which lives in |
| 830 | Modules/_tkinter.c. Demos and normal Tk applications only import the |
| 831 | Python Tkinter module -- only the latter uses the C _tkinter module |
| 832 | directly. In order to find the C _tkinter module, it must be compiled |
| 833 | and linked into the Python interpreter -- the _tkinter line in the |
| 834 | Setup file does this. In order to find the Python Tkinter module, |
| 835 | sys.path must be set correctly -- the TKPATH assignment in the Setup |
| 836 | file takes care of this, but only if you install Python properly |
| 837 | ("make install libinstall"). (You can also use dynamic loading for |
| 838 | the C _tkinter module, in which case you must manually fix up sys.path |
| 839 | or set $PYTHONPATH for the Python Tkinter module.) |
Guido van Rossum | 84c8c7f | 1995-08-28 02:44:24 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 840 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 841 | |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 842 | Distribution structure |
| 843 | ---------------------- |
| 844 | |
| 845 | Most subdirectories have their own README file. Most files have |
| 846 | comments. |
| 847 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 848 | Demo/ Demonstration scripts, modules and programs |
| 849 | Doc/ Documentation (LaTeX sources) |
| 850 | Grammar/ Input for the parser generator |
| 851 | Include/ Public header files |
| 852 | Lib/ Python library modules |
| 853 | Makefile.in Source from which config.status creates Makefile |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 854 | Misc/ Miscellaneous useful files |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 855 | Modules/ Implementation of most built-in modules |
| 856 | Objects/ Implementation of most built-in object types |
Guido van Rossum | 6477380 | 1997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 857 | PC/ PC porting files (DOS, Windows, OS/2) |
| 858 | PCbuild/ Directory where you should build for Windows NT/95 |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 859 | Parser/ The parser and tokenizer and their input handling |
| 860 | Python/ The "compiler" and interpreter |
| 861 | README The file you're reading now |
| 862 | Tools/ Some useful programs written in Python |
| 863 | acconfig.h Additional input for the autoheader program |
| 864 | config.h.in Source from which config.status creates config.h |
| 865 | configure Configuration shell script (GNU autoconf output) |
| 866 | configure.in Configuration specification (GNU autoconf input) |
| 867 | install-sh Shell script used to install files |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 868 | |
| 869 | The following files will (may) be created in the toplevel directory by |
| 870 | the configuration and build processes: |
| 871 | |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 872 | Makefile Build rules |
| 873 | config.cache cache of configuration variables |
| 874 | config.h Configuration header |
Guido van Rossum | c0be2f5 | 1997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 875 | config.log Log from last configure run |
| 876 | config.status Status from last run of configure script |
| 877 | libpython1.5.a The library archive |
Guido van Rossum | 6d9cc80 | 1996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 878 | python The executable interpreter |
| 879 | tags, TAGS Tags files for vi and Emacs |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 880 | |
| 881 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 882 | Author's address |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 883 | ================ |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 884 | |
| 885 | Guido van Rossum |
Guido van Rossum | faf681a | 1996-06-20 14:32:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 886 | CNRI |
| 887 | 1895 Preston White Drive |
Guido van Rossum | 8d7d4ed | 1996-07-30 21:41:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 888 | Reston, VA 20191 |
Guido van Rossum | faf681a | 1996-06-20 14:32:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 889 | USA |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 890 | |
Guido van Rossum | d0fe845 | 1996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 891 | E-mail: guido@cnri.reston.va.us or guido@python.org |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 892 | |
| 893 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 894 | |
| 895 | Copyright notice |
| 896 | ================ |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 897 | |
| 898 | The Python source is copyrighted, but you can freely use and copy it |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 899 | as long as you don't change or remove the copyright notice: |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 900 | |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 901 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Guido van Rossum | af5b83e | 1995-01-04 19:02:35 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 902 | Copyright 1991-1995 by Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, |
| 903 | The Netherlands. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 904 | |
| 905 | All Rights Reserved |
| 906 | |
Guido van Rossum | c561e5d | 1994-08-23 13:52:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 907 | Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its |
| 908 | documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 909 | provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that |
Guido van Rossum | c561e5d | 1994-08-23 13:52:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 910 | both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 911 | supporting documentation, and that the names of Stichting Mathematisch |
Guido van Rossum | f501b4e | 1996-10-25 14:32:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 912 | Centrum or CWI or Corporation for National Research Initiatives or |
| 913 | CNRI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to |
| 914 | distribution of the software without specific, written prior |
| 915 | permission. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 916 | |
Guido van Rossum | f501b4e | 1996-10-25 14:32:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 917 | While CWI is the initial source for this software, a modified version |
| 918 | is made available by the Corporation for National Research Initiatives |
| 919 | (CNRI) at the Internet address ftp://ftp.python.org. |
| 920 | |
| 921 | STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM AND CNRI DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH |
| 922 | REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF |
| 923 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH |
| 924 | CENTRUM OR CNRI BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL |
| 925 | DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR |
| 926 | PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER |
| 927 | TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR |
| 928 | PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 929 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 930 | |
| 931 | |
Guido van Rossum | faf681a | 1996-06-20 14:32:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 932 | --Guido van Rossum (home page: http://www.python.org/~guido/) |