bpo-36721: Add --embed option to python-config (GH-13500)

To embed Python into an application, a new --embed option must be
passed to "python3-config --libs --embed" to get "-lpython3.8" (link
the application to libpython). To support both 3.8 and older, try
"python3-config --libs --embed" first and fallback to "python3-config
--libs" (without --embed) if the previous command fails.

Add a pkg-config "python-3.8-embed" module to embed Python into an
application: "pkg-config python-3.8-embed --libs" includes
"-lpython3.8".  To support both 3.8 and older, try "pkg-config
python-X.Y-embed --libs" first and fallback to "pkg-config python-X.Y
--libs" (without --embed) if the previous command fails (replace
"X.Y" with the Python version).

On the other hand, "pkg-config python3.8 --libs" no longer contains
"-lpython3.8". C extensions must not be linked to libpython (except
on Android, case handled by the script); this change is backward
incompatible on purpose.

"make install" now also installs "python-3.8-embed.pc".
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index e3c5809..9445ef1 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 Makefile
 Makefile.pre
 Misc/python.pc
+Misc/python-embed.pc
 Misc/python-config.sh
 Modules/Setup
 Modules/Setup.config