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+:mod:`tempfile` --- Generate temporary files and directories
+============================================================
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Zack Weinberg <zack@codesourcery.com>
+
+
+.. module:: tempfile
+ :synopsis: Generate temporary files and directories.
+
+
+.. index::
+ pair: temporary; file name
+ pair: temporary; file
+
+This module generates temporary files and directories. It works on all
+supported platforms.
+
+In version 2.3 of Python, this module was overhauled for enhanced security. It
+now provides three new functions, :func:`NamedTemporaryFile`, :func:`mkstemp`,
+and :func:`mkdtemp`, which should eliminate all remaining need to use the
+insecure :func:`mktemp` function. Temporary file names created by this module
+no longer contain the process ID; instead a string of six random characters is
+used.
+
+Also, all the user-callable functions now take additional arguments which allow
+direct control over the location and name of temporary files. It is no longer
+necessary to use the global *tempdir* and *template* variables. To maintain
+backward compatibility, the argument order is somewhat odd; it is recommended to
+use keyword arguments for clarity.
+
+The module defines the following user-callable functions:
+
+
+.. function:: TemporaryFile([mode='w+b'[, bufsize=-1[, suffix[, prefix[, dir]]]]])
+
+ Return a file (or file-like) object that can be used as a temporary storage
+ area. The file is created using :func:`mkstemp`. It will be destroyed as soon
+ as it is closed (including an implicit close when the object is garbage
+ collected). Under Unix, the directory entry for the file is removed immediately
+ after the file is created. Other platforms do not support this; your code
+ should not rely on a temporary file created using this function having or not
+ having a visible name in the file system.
+
+ The *mode* parameter defaults to ``'w+b'`` so that the file created can be read
+ and written without being closed. Binary mode is used so that it behaves
+ consistently on all platforms without regard for the data that is stored.
+ *bufsize* defaults to ``-1``, meaning that the operating system default is used.
+
+ The *dir*, *prefix* and *suffix* parameters are passed to :func:`mkstemp`.
+
+
+.. function:: NamedTemporaryFile([mode='w+b'[, bufsize=-1[, suffix[, prefix[, dir[, delete]]]]]])
+
+ This function operates exactly as :func:`TemporaryFile` does, except that the
+ file is guaranteed to have a visible name in the file system (on Unix, the
+ directory entry is not unlinked). That name can be retrieved from the
+ :attr:`name` member of the file object. Whether the name can be used to open
+ the file a second time, while the named temporary file is still open, varies
+ across platforms (it can be so used on Unix; it cannot on Windows NT or later).
+ If *delete* is true (the default), the file is deleted as soon as it is closed.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 2.3
+
+ .. versionadded:: 2.6
+ The *delete* parameter.
+
+
+.. function:: SpooledTemporaryFile([max_size=0, [mode='w+b'[, bufsize=-1[, suffix[, prefix[, dir]]]]]])
+
+ This function operates exactly as :func:`TemporaryFile` does, except that data
+ is spooled in memory until the file size exceeds *max_size*, or until the file's
+ :func:`fileno` method is called, at which point the contents are written to disk
+ and operation proceeds as with :func:`TemporaryFile`.
+
+ The resulting file has one additional method, :func:`rollover`, which causes the
+ file to roll over to an on-disk file regardless of its size.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 2.6
+
+
+.. function:: mkstemp([suffix[, prefix[, dir[, text]]]])
+
+ Creates a temporary file in the most secure manner possible. There are no
+ race conditions in the file's creation, assuming that the platform properly
+ implements the :const:`os.O_EXCL` flag for :func:`os.open`. The file is
+ readable and writable only by the creating user ID. If the platform uses
+ permission bits to indicate whether a file is executable, the file is
+ executable by no one. The file descriptor is not inherited by child
+ processes.
+
+ Unlike :func:`TemporaryFile`, the user of :func:`mkstemp` is responsible for
+ deleting the temporary file when done with it.
+
+ If *suffix* is specified, the file name will end with that suffix, otherwise
+ there will be no suffix. :func:`mkstemp` does not put a dot between the file
+ name and the suffix; if you need one, put it at the beginning of *suffix*.
+
+ If *prefix* is specified, the file name will begin with that prefix; otherwise,
+ a default prefix is used.
+
+ If *dir* is specified, the file will be created in that directory; otherwise,
+ a default directory is used. The default directory is chosen from a
+ platform-dependent list, but the user of the application can control the
+ directory location by setting the *TMPDIR*, *TEMP* or *TMP* environment
+ variables. There is thus no guarantee that the generated filename will have
+ any nice properties, such as not requiring quoting when passed to external
+ commands via ``os.popen()``.
+
+ If *text* is specified, it indicates whether to open the file in binary mode
+ (the default) or text mode. On some platforms, this makes no difference.
+
+ :func:`mkstemp` returns a tuple containing an OS-level handle to an open file
+ (as would be returned by :func:`os.open`) and the absolute pathname of that
+ file, in that order.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 2.3
+
+
+.. function:: mkdtemp([suffix[, prefix[, dir]]])
+
+ Creates a temporary directory in the most secure manner possible. There are no
+ race conditions in the directory's creation. The directory is readable,
+ writable, and searchable only by the creating user ID.
+
+ The user of :func:`mkdtemp` is responsible for deleting the temporary directory
+ and its contents when done with it.
+
+ The *prefix*, *suffix*, and *dir* arguments are the same as for :func:`mkstemp`.
+
+ :func:`mkdtemp` returns the absolute pathname of the new directory.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 2.3
+
+
+.. function:: mktemp([suffix[, prefix[, dir]]])
+
+ .. deprecated:: 2.3
+ Use :func:`mkstemp` instead.
+
+ Return an absolute pathname of a file that did not exist at the time the call is
+ made. The *prefix*, *suffix*, and *dir* arguments are the same as for
+ :func:`mkstemp`.
+
+ .. warning::
+
+ Use of this function may introduce a security hole in your program. By the time
+ you get around to doing anything with the file name it returns, someone else may
+ have beaten you to the punch.
+
+The module uses two global variables that tell it how to construct a temporary
+name. They are initialized at the first call to any of the functions above.
+The caller may change them, but this is discouraged; use the appropriate
+function arguments, instead.
+
+
+.. data:: tempdir
+
+ When set to a value other than ``None``, this variable defines the default value
+ for the *dir* argument to all the functions defined in this module.
+
+ If ``tempdir`` is unset or ``None`` at any call to any of the above functions,
+ Python searches a standard list of directories and sets *tempdir* to the first
+ one which the calling user can create files in. The list is:
+
+ #. The directory named by the :envvar:`TMPDIR` environment variable.
+
+ #. The directory named by the :envvar:`TEMP` environment variable.
+
+ #. The directory named by the :envvar:`TMP` environment variable.
+
+ #. A platform-specific location:
+
+ * On RiscOS, the directory named by the :envvar:`Wimp$ScrapDir` environment
+ variable.
+
+ * On Windows, the directories :file:`C:\\TEMP`, :file:`C:\\TMP`,
+ :file:`\\TEMP`, and :file:`\\TMP`, in that order.
+
+ * On all other platforms, the directories :file:`/tmp`, :file:`/var/tmp`, and
+ :file:`/usr/tmp`, in that order.
+
+ #. As a last resort, the current working directory.
+
+
+.. function:: gettempdir()
+
+ Return the directory currently selected to create temporary files in. If
+ :data:`tempdir` is not ``None``, this simply returns its contents; otherwise,
+ the search described above is performed, and the result returned.
+
+
+.. data:: template
+
+ .. deprecated:: 2.0
+ Use :func:`gettempprefix` instead.
+
+ When set to a value other than ``None``, this variable defines the prefix of the
+ final component of the filenames returned by :func:`mktemp`. A string of six
+ random letters and digits is appended to the prefix to make the filename unique.
+ On Windows, the default prefix is :file:`~T`; on all other systems it is
+ :file:`tmp`.
+
+ Older versions of this module used to require that ``template`` be set to
+ ``None`` after a call to :func:`os.fork`; this has not been necessary since
+ version 1.5.2.
+
+
+.. function:: gettempprefix()
+
+ Return the filename prefix used to create temporary files. This does not
+ contain the directory component. Using this function is preferred over reading
+ the *template* variable directly.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 1.5.2
+