diff --git a/Lib/unittest/case.py b/Lib/unittest/case.py
index b363c63..8afb845 100644
--- a/Lib/unittest/case.py
+++ b/Lib/unittest/case.py
@@ -463,30 +463,13 @@
         """
         self._type_equality_funcs[typeobj] = function
 
-    def addCleanup(*args, **kwargs):
+    def addCleanup(self, function, /, *args, **kwargs):
         """Add a function, with arguments, to be called when the test is
         completed. Functions added are called on a LIFO basis and are
         called after tearDown on test failure or success.
 
         Cleanup items are called even if setUp fails (unlike tearDown)."""
-        if len(args) >= 2:
-            self, function, *args = args
-        elif not args:
-            raise TypeError("descriptor 'addCleanup' of 'TestCase' object "
-                            "needs an argument")
-        elif 'function' in kwargs:
-            function = kwargs.pop('function')
-            self, *args = args
-            import warnings
-            warnings.warn("Passing 'function' as keyword argument is deprecated",
-                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
-        else:
-            raise TypeError('addCleanup expected at least 1 positional '
-                            'argument, got %d' % (len(args)-1))
-        args = tuple(args)
-
         self._cleanups.append((function, args, kwargs))
-    addCleanup.__text_signature__ = '($self, function, /, *args, **kwargs)'
 
     @classmethod
     def addClassCleanup(cls, function, /, *args, **kwargs):
diff --git a/Lib/unittest/test/test_runner.py b/Lib/unittest/test/test_runner.py
index 7d36340..dd9a1b6 100644
--- a/Lib/unittest/test/test_runner.py
+++ b/Lib/unittest/test/test_runner.py
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@
         class TestableTest(unittest.TestCase):
             def setUp(self2):
                 self2.addCleanup(cleanup, 1, 2, function=3, self=4)
-                with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                     self2.addCleanup(function=cleanup, arg='hello')
             def testNothing(self):
                 pass
@@ -603,8 +603,7 @@
             unittest.TestCase.addCleanup(self=TestableTest(), function=cleanup)
         runTests(TestableTest)
         self.assertEqual(cleanups,
-                         [((), {'arg': 'hello'}),
-                          ((1, 2), {'function': 3, 'self': 4})])
+                         [((1, 2), {'function': 3, 'self': 4})])
 
     def test_with_errors_in_addClassCleanup(self):
         ordering = []