bpo-16500: Don't use string constants for os.register_at_fork() behavior (#1834)

Instead use keyword only arguments to os.register_at_fork for each of the scenarios.
Updates the documentation for clarity.
diff --git a/Lib/threading.py b/Lib/threading.py
index 2eaf49a..92c2ab3 100644
--- a/Lib/threading.py
+++ b/Lib/threading.py
@@ -1359,5 +1359,5 @@
         assert len(_active) == 1
 
 
-if hasattr(_os, "fork"):
-    _os.register_at_fork(_after_fork, when="child")
+if hasattr(_os, "register_at_fork"):
+    _os.register_at_fork(after_in_child=_after_fork)