diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compile.py b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
index 56f73f6..9d77f7a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_compile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
@@ -697,6 +697,40 @@
         # complex statements.
         compile("if a: b\n" * 200000, "<dummy>", "exec")
 
+    # Multiple users rely on the fact that CPython does not generate
+    # bytecode for dead code blocks. See bpo-37500 for more context.
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_dead_blocks_do_not_generate_bytecode(self):
+        def unused_block_if():
+            if 0:
+                return 42
+
+        def unused_block_while():
+            while 0:
+                return 42
+
+        def unused_block_if_else():
+            if 1:
+                return None
+            else:
+                return 42
+
+        def unused_block_while_else():
+            while 1:
+                return None
+            else:
+                return 42
+
+        funcs = [unused_block_if, unused_block_while,
+                 unused_block_if_else, unused_block_while_else]
+
+        for func in funcs:
+            opcodes = list(dis.get_instructions(func))
+            self.assertEqual(2, len(opcodes))
+            self.assertEqual('LOAD_CONST', opcodes[0].opname)
+            self.assertEqual(None, opcodes[0].argval)
+            self.assertEqual('RETURN_VALUE', opcodes[1].opname)
+
 
 class TestExpressionStackSize(unittest.TestCase):
     # These tests check that the computed stack size for a code object
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_syntax.py b/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
index 8451c07..3829746 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
@@ -697,18 +697,47 @@
         self._check_error("break", "outside loop")
 
     def test_yield_outside_function(self):
-        self._check_error("if 0: yield",               "outside function")
-        self._check_error("class C:\n    if 0: yield", "outside function")
+        self._check_error("if 0: yield",                "outside function")
+        self._check_error("if 0: yield\nelse:  x=1",    "outside function")
+        self._check_error("if 1: pass\nelse: yield",    "outside function")
+        self._check_error("while 0: yield",             "outside function")
+        self._check_error("while 0: yield\nelse:  x=1", "outside function")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 0: yield",    "outside function")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 1: pass\n  else: yield",
+                          "outside function")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  while 0: yield", "outside function")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  while 0: yield\n  else:  x = 1",
+                          "outside function")
 
     def test_return_outside_function(self):
-        self._check_error("if 0: return",               "outside function")
-        self._check_error("class C:\n    if 0: return", "outside function")
+        self._check_error("if 0: return",                "outside function")
+        self._check_error("if 0: return\nelse:  x=1",    "outside function")
+        self._check_error("if 1: pass\nelse: return",    "outside function")
+        self._check_error("while 0: return",             "outside function")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 0: return",    "outside function")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  while 0: return", "outside function")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  while 0: return\n  else:  x=1",
+                          "outside function")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 0: return\n  else: x= 1",
+                          "outside function")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 1: pass\n  else: return",
+                          "outside function")
 
     def test_break_outside_loop(self):
-        self._check_error("if 0: break",                "outside loop")
+        self._check_error("if 0: break",             "outside loop")
+        self._check_error("if 0: break\nelse:  x=1",  "outside loop")
+        self._check_error("if 1: pass\nelse: break", "outside loop")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 0: break", "outside loop")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 1: pass\n  else: break",
+                          "outside loop")
 
     def test_continue_outside_loop(self):
-        self._check_error("if 0: continue",     "not properly in loop")
+        self._check_error("if 0: continue",             "not properly in loop")
+        self._check_error("if 0: continue\nelse:  x=1", "not properly in loop")
+        self._check_error("if 1: pass\nelse: continue", "not properly in loop")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 0: continue", "not properly in loop")
+        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 1: pass\n  else: continue",
+                          "not properly in loop")
 
     def test_unexpected_indent(self):
         self._check_error("foo()\n bar()\n", "unexpected indent",
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sys_settrace.py b/Lib/test/test_sys_settrace.py
index 112ea87..fdd7894 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sys_settrace.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sys_settrace.py
@@ -53,22 +53,52 @@
 # following that clause?
 
 
-# The entire "while 0:" statement is optimized away.  No code
-# exists for it, so the line numbers skip directly from "del x"
-# to "x = 1".
-def arigo_example():
+# Some constructs like "while 0:", "if 0:" or "if 1:...else:..." are optimized
+# away.  No code # exists for them, so the line numbers skip directly from
+# "del x" to "x = 1".
+def arigo_example0():
     x = 1
     del x
     while 0:
         pass
     x = 1
 
-arigo_example.events = [(0, 'call'),
+arigo_example0.events = [(0, 'call'),
                         (1, 'line'),
                         (2, 'line'),
                         (5, 'line'),
                         (5, 'return')]
 
+def arigo_example1():
+    x = 1
+    del x
+    if 0:
+        pass
+    x = 1
+
+arigo_example1.events = [(0, 'call'),
+                        (1, 'line'),
+                        (2, 'line'),
+                        (5, 'line'),
+                        (5, 'return')]
+
+def arigo_example2():
+    x = 1
+    del x
+    if 1:
+        x = 1
+    else:
+        pass
+    return None
+
+arigo_example2.events = [(0, 'call'),
+                        (1, 'line'),
+                        (2, 'line'),
+                        (4, 'line'),
+                        (7, 'line'),
+                        (7, 'return')]
+
+
 # check that lines consisting of just one instruction get traced:
 def one_instr_line():
     x = 1
@@ -349,8 +379,12 @@
 
     def test_01_basic(self):
         self.run_test(basic)
-    def test_02_arigo(self):
-        self.run_test(arigo_example)
+    def test_02_arigo0(self):
+        self.run_test(arigo_example0)
+    def test_02_arigo1(self):
+        self.run_test(arigo_example1)
+    def test_02_arigo2(self):
+        self.run_test(arigo_example2)
     def test_03_one_instr(self):
         self.run_test(one_instr_line)
     def test_04_no_pop_blocks(self):