diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h b/Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h
index c28df89..c9275a7 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "pycore_gil.h"       /* struct _gil_runtime_state  */
 #include "pycore_pymem.h"     /* struct _gc_runtime_state */
 #include "pycore_warnings.h"  /* struct _warnings_runtime_state */
+#include "pycore_runtime.h"   /* PyRuntimestate */
 
 
 /* ceval state */
@@ -32,15 +33,6 @@
     int last;
 };
 
-struct _ceval_runtime_state {
-    int recursion_limit;
-    /* Request for dropping the GIL */
-    _Py_atomic_int gil_drop_request;
-    /* Request for checking signals. */
-    _Py_atomic_int signals_pending;
-    struct _gil_runtime_state gil;
-};
-
 struct _ceval_state {
     /* Records whether tracing is on for any thread.  Counts the number
        of threads for which tstate->c_tracefunc is non-NULL, so if the
@@ -176,118 +168,6 @@
     struct _xidregitem *next;
 };
 
-/* runtime audit hook state */
-
-typedef struct _Py_AuditHookEntry {
-    struct _Py_AuditHookEntry *next;
-    Py_AuditHookFunction hookCFunction;
-    void *userData;
-} _Py_AuditHookEntry;
-
-/* GIL state */
-
-struct _gilstate_runtime_state {
-    int check_enabled;
-    /* Assuming the current thread holds the GIL, this is the
-       PyThreadState for the current thread. */
-    _Py_atomic_address tstate_current;
-    /* The single PyInterpreterState used by this process'
-       GILState implementation
-    */
-    /* TODO: Given interp_main, it may be possible to kill this ref */
-    PyInterpreterState *autoInterpreterState;
-    Py_tss_t autoTSSkey;
-};
-
-/* Issue #26558: Flag to disable PyGILState_Check().
-   If set to non-zero, PyGILState_Check() always return 1. */
-#define _PyGILState_check_enabled _PyRuntime.gilstate.check_enabled
-
-
-/* Full Python runtime state */
-
-typedef struct pyruntimestate {
-    /* Is running Py_PreInitialize()? */
-    int preinitializing;
-
-    /* Is Python preinitialized? Set to 1 by Py_PreInitialize() */
-    int preinitialized;
-
-    /* Is Python core initialized? Set to 1 by _Py_InitializeCore() */
-    int core_initialized;
-
-    /* Is Python fully initialized? Set to 1 by Py_Initialize() */
-    int initialized;
-
-    /* Set by Py_FinalizeEx(). Only reset to NULL if Py_Initialize()
-       is called again.
-
-       Use _PyRuntimeState_GetFinalizing() and _PyRuntimeState_SetFinalizing()
-       to access it, don't access it directly. */
-    _Py_atomic_address _finalizing;
-
-    struct pyinterpreters {
-        PyThread_type_lock mutex;
-        PyInterpreterState *head;
-        PyInterpreterState *main;
-        /* _next_interp_id is an auto-numbered sequence of small
-           integers.  It gets initialized in _PyInterpreterState_Init(),
-           which is called in Py_Initialize(), and used in
-           PyInterpreterState_New().  A negative interpreter ID
-           indicates an error occurred.  The main interpreter will
-           always have an ID of 0.  Overflow results in a RuntimeError.
-           If that becomes a problem later then we can adjust, e.g. by
-           using a Python int. */
-        int64_t next_id;
-    } interpreters;
-    // XXX Remove this field once we have a tp_* slot.
-    struct _xidregistry {
-        PyThread_type_lock mutex;
-        struct _xidregitem *head;
-    } xidregistry;
-
-    unsigned long main_thread;
-
-#define NEXITFUNCS 32
-    void (*exitfuncs[NEXITFUNCS])(void);
-    int nexitfuncs;
-
-    struct _ceval_runtime_state ceval;
-    struct _gilstate_runtime_state gilstate;
-
-    PyPreConfig preconfig;
-
-    Py_OpenCodeHookFunction open_code_hook;
-    void *open_code_userdata;
-    _Py_AuditHookEntry *audit_hook_head;
-
-    // XXX Consolidate globals found via the check-c-globals script.
-} _PyRuntimeState;
-
-#define _PyRuntimeState_INIT \
-    {.preinitialized = 0, .core_initialized = 0, .initialized = 0}
-/* Note: _PyRuntimeState_INIT sets other fields to 0/NULL */
-
-PyAPI_DATA(_PyRuntimeState) _PyRuntime;
-PyAPI_FUNC(PyStatus) _PyRuntimeState_Init(_PyRuntimeState *runtime);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyRuntimeState_Fini(_PyRuntimeState *runtime);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyRuntimeState_ReInitThreads(_PyRuntimeState *runtime);
-
-/* Initialize _PyRuntimeState.
-   Return NULL on success, or return an error message on failure. */
-PyAPI_FUNC(PyStatus) _PyRuntime_Initialize(void);
-
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyRuntime_Finalize(void);
-
-static inline PyThreadState*
-_PyRuntimeState_GetFinalizing(_PyRuntimeState *runtime) {
-    return (PyThreadState*)_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&runtime->_finalizing);
-}
-
-static inline void
-_PyRuntimeState_SetFinalizing(_PyRuntimeState *runtime, PyThreadState *tstate) {
-    _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&runtime->_finalizing, (uintptr_t)tstate);
-}
 
 /* Check if the current thread is the main thread.
    Use _Py_IsMainInterpreter() to check if it's the main interpreter. */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime.h b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54dbaeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime.h
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_RUNTIME_H
+#define Py_INTERNAL_RUNTIME_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
+#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
+#endif
+
+#include "pycore_atomic.h"    /* _Py_atomic_address */
+#include "pycore_gil.h"       // struct _gil_runtime_state
+
+/* ceval state */
+
+struct _ceval_runtime_state {
+    int recursion_limit;
+    /* Request for dropping the GIL */
+    _Py_atomic_int gil_drop_request;
+    /* Request for checking signals. */
+    _Py_atomic_int signals_pending;
+    struct _gil_runtime_state gil;
+};
+
+/* GIL state */
+
+struct _gilstate_runtime_state {
+    /* bpo-26558: Flag to disable PyGILState_Check().
+       If set to non-zero, PyGILState_Check() always return 1. */
+    int check_enabled;
+    /* Assuming the current thread holds the GIL, this is the
+       PyThreadState for the current thread. */
+    _Py_atomic_address tstate_current;
+    /* The single PyInterpreterState used by this process'
+       GILState implementation
+    */
+    /* TODO: Given interp_main, it may be possible to kill this ref */
+    PyInterpreterState *autoInterpreterState;
+    Py_tss_t autoTSSkey;
+};
+
+/* Runtime audit hook state */
+
+typedef struct _Py_AuditHookEntry {
+    struct _Py_AuditHookEntry *next;
+    Py_AuditHookFunction hookCFunction;
+    void *userData;
+} _Py_AuditHookEntry;
+
+/* Full Python runtime state */
+
+typedef struct pyruntimestate {
+    /* Is running Py_PreInitialize()? */
+    int preinitializing;
+
+    /* Is Python preinitialized? Set to 1 by Py_PreInitialize() */
+    int preinitialized;
+
+    /* Is Python core initialized? Set to 1 by _Py_InitializeCore() */
+    int core_initialized;
+
+    /* Is Python fully initialized? Set to 1 by Py_Initialize() */
+    int initialized;
+
+    /* Set by Py_FinalizeEx(). Only reset to NULL if Py_Initialize()
+       is called again.
+
+       Use _PyRuntimeState_GetFinalizing() and _PyRuntimeState_SetFinalizing()
+       to access it, don't access it directly. */
+    _Py_atomic_address _finalizing;
+
+    struct pyinterpreters {
+        PyThread_type_lock mutex;
+        PyInterpreterState *head;
+        PyInterpreterState *main;
+        /* _next_interp_id is an auto-numbered sequence of small
+           integers.  It gets initialized in _PyInterpreterState_Init(),
+           which is called in Py_Initialize(), and used in
+           PyInterpreterState_New().  A negative interpreter ID
+           indicates an error occurred.  The main interpreter will
+           always have an ID of 0.  Overflow results in a RuntimeError.
+           If that becomes a problem later then we can adjust, e.g. by
+           using a Python int. */
+        int64_t next_id;
+    } interpreters;
+    // XXX Remove this field once we have a tp_* slot.
+    struct _xidregistry {
+        PyThread_type_lock mutex;
+        struct _xidregitem *head;
+    } xidregistry;
+
+    unsigned long main_thread;
+
+#define NEXITFUNCS 32
+    void (*exitfuncs[NEXITFUNCS])(void);
+    int nexitfuncs;
+
+    struct _ceval_runtime_state ceval;
+    struct _gilstate_runtime_state gilstate;
+
+    PyPreConfig preconfig;
+
+    Py_OpenCodeHookFunction open_code_hook;
+    void *open_code_userdata;
+    _Py_AuditHookEntry *audit_hook_head;
+
+    // XXX Consolidate globals found via the check-c-globals script.
+} _PyRuntimeState;
+
+#define _PyRuntimeState_INIT \
+    {.preinitialized = 0, .core_initialized = 0, .initialized = 0}
+/* Note: _PyRuntimeState_INIT sets other fields to 0/NULL */
+
+
+PyAPI_DATA(_PyRuntimeState) _PyRuntime;
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyStatus) _PyRuntimeState_Init(_PyRuntimeState *runtime);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyRuntimeState_Fini(_PyRuntimeState *runtime);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyRuntimeState_ReInitThreads(_PyRuntimeState *runtime);
+
+
+/* Initialize _PyRuntimeState.
+   Return NULL on success, or return an error message on failure. */
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyStatus) _PyRuntime_Initialize(void);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyRuntime_Finalize(void);
+
+
+static inline PyThreadState*
+_PyRuntimeState_GetFinalizing(_PyRuntimeState *runtime) {
+    return (PyThreadState*)_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&runtime->_finalizing);
+}
+
+static inline void
+_PyRuntimeState_SetFinalizing(_PyRuntimeState *runtime, PyThreadState *tstate) {
+    _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&runtime->_finalizing, (uintptr_t)tstate);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !Py_INTERNAL_RUNTIME_H */
diff --git a/Makefile.pre.in b/Makefile.pre.in
index ac6c2b1..45e7a83 100644
--- a/Makefile.pre.in
+++ b/Makefile.pre.in
@@ -1103,6 +1103,7 @@
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_pylifecycle.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_pymem.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_runtime.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_sysmodule.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_traceback.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_tupleobject.h \
diff --git a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
index 95f9e9b..df0eb3a 100644
--- a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
+++ b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_pylifecycle.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_pymem.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_pystate.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_runtime.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_sysmodule.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_traceback.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_tupleobject.h" />
diff --git a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
index 32da365..8c605c8 100644
--- a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
@@ -255,6 +255,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_pystate.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_runtime.h">
+      <Filter>Include</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_sysmodule.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
diff --git a/Python/pylifecycle.c b/Python/pylifecycle.c
index 1bc7d77..c2a0781 100644
--- a/Python/pylifecycle.c
+++ b/Python/pylifecycle.c
@@ -1553,7 +1553,7 @@
 
     /* Issue #10915, #15751: The GIL API doesn't work with multiple
        interpreters: disable PyGILState_Check(). */
-    _PyGILState_check_enabled = 0;
+    runtime->gilstate.check_enabled = 0;
 
     PyInterpreterState *interp = PyInterpreterState_New();
     if (interp == NULL) {
diff --git a/Python/pystate.c b/Python/pystate.c
index 19beaf0..3636dc9 100644
--- a/Python/pystate.c
+++ b/Python/pystate.c
@@ -1329,12 +1329,11 @@
 int
 PyGILState_Check(void)
 {
-
-    if (!_PyGILState_check_enabled) {
+    struct _gilstate_runtime_state *gilstate = &_PyRuntime.gilstate;
+    if (!gilstate->check_enabled) {
         return 1;
     }
 
-    struct _gilstate_runtime_state *gilstate = &_PyRuntime.gilstate;
     if (!PyThread_tss_is_created(&gilstate->autoTSSkey)) {
         return 1;
     }