bpo-38870: Expose a function to unparse an ast object in the ast module (GH-17302)

Add ast.unparse() as a function in the ast module that can be used to unparse an
ast.AST object and produce a string with code that would produce an equivalent ast.AST
object when parsed.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unparse.py b/Lib/test/test_unparse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9197c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unparse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+"""Tests for the unparse.py script in the Tools/parser directory."""
+
+import unittest
+import test.support
+import io
+import pathlib
+import random
+import tokenize
+import ast
+import functools
+
+
+def read_pyfile(filename):
+    """Read and return the contents of a Python source file (as a
+    string), taking into account the file encoding."""
+    with open(filename, "rb") as pyfile:
+        encoding = tokenize.detect_encoding(pyfile.readline)[0]
+    with open(filename, "r", encoding=encoding) as pyfile:
+        source = pyfile.read()
+    return source
+
+
+for_else = """\
+def f():
+    for x in range(10):
+        break
+    else:
+        y = 2
+    z = 3
+"""
+
+while_else = """\
+def g():
+    while True:
+        break
+    else:
+        y = 2
+    z = 3
+"""
+
+relative_import = """\
+from . import fred
+from .. import barney
+from .australia import shrimp as prawns
+"""
+
+nonlocal_ex = """\
+def f():
+    x = 1
+    def g():
+        nonlocal x
+        x = 2
+        y = 7
+        def h():
+            nonlocal x, y
+"""
+
+# also acts as test for 'except ... as ...'
+raise_from = """\
+try:
+    1 / 0
+except ZeroDivisionError as e:
+    raise ArithmeticError from e
+"""
+
+class_decorator = """\
+@f1(arg)
+@f2
+class Foo: pass
+"""
+
+elif1 = """\
+if cond1:
+    suite1
+elif cond2:
+    suite2
+else:
+    suite3
+"""
+
+elif2 = """\
+if cond1:
+    suite1
+elif cond2:
+    suite2
+"""
+
+try_except_finally = """\
+try:
+    suite1
+except ex1:
+    suite2
+except ex2:
+    suite3
+else:
+    suite4
+finally:
+    suite5
+"""
+
+with_simple = """\
+with f():
+    suite1
+"""
+
+with_as = """\
+with f() as x:
+    suite1
+"""
+
+with_two_items = """\
+with f() as x, g() as y:
+    suite1
+"""
+
+
+class ASTTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def assertASTEqual(self, ast1, ast2):
+        self.assertEqual(ast.dump(ast1), ast.dump(ast2))
+
+    def check_roundtrip(self, code1):
+        ast1 = ast.parse(code1)
+        code2 = ast.unparse(ast1)
+        ast2 = ast.parse(code2)
+        self.assertASTEqual(ast1, ast2)
+
+    def check_invalid(self, node, raises=ValueError):
+        self.assertRaises(raises, ast.unparse, node)
+
+
+class UnparseTestCase(ASTTestCase):
+    # Tests for specific bugs found in earlier versions of unparse
+
+    def test_fstrings(self):
+        # See issue 25180
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"""f'{f"{0}"*3}'""")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"""f'{f"{y}"*3}'""")
+
+    def test_strings(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("u'foo'")
+        self.check_roundtrip("r'foo'")
+        self.check_roundtrip("b'foo'")
+
+    def test_del_statement(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("del x, y, z")
+
+    def test_shifts(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("45 << 2")
+        self.check_roundtrip("13 >> 7")
+
+    def test_for_else(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(for_else)
+
+    def test_while_else(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(while_else)
+
+    def test_unary_parens(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("(-1)**7")
+        self.check_roundtrip("(-1.)**8")
+        self.check_roundtrip("(-1j)**6")
+        self.check_roundtrip("not True or False")
+        self.check_roundtrip("True or not False")
+
+    def test_integer_parens(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("3 .__abs__()")
+
+    def test_huge_float(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("1e1000")
+        self.check_roundtrip("-1e1000")
+        self.check_roundtrip("1e1000j")
+        self.check_roundtrip("-1e1000j")
+
+    def test_min_int(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(str(-(2 ** 31)))
+        self.check_roundtrip(str(-(2 ** 63)))
+
+    def test_imaginary_literals(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("7j")
+        self.check_roundtrip("-7j")
+        self.check_roundtrip("0j")
+        self.check_roundtrip("-0j")
+
+    def test_lambda_parentheses(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("(lambda: int)()")
+
+    def test_chained_comparisons(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("1 < 4 <= 5")
+        self.check_roundtrip("a is b is c is not d")
+
+    def test_function_arguments(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(a): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(b = 2): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(a, b): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(a, b = 2): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(a = 5, b = 2): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(*, a = 1, b = 2): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(*, a = 1, b): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(*, a, b = 2): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(a, b = None, *, c, **kwds): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(a=2, *args, c=5, d, **kwds): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(*args, **kwargs): pass")
+
+    def test_relative_import(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(relative_import)
+
+    def test_nonlocal(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(nonlocal_ex)
+
+    def test_raise_from(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(raise_from)
+
+    def test_bytes(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("b'123'")
+
+    def test_annotations(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(a : int): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(a: int = 5): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(*args: [int]): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f(**kwargs: dict): pass")
+        self.check_roundtrip("def f() -> None: pass")
+
+    def test_set_literal(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("{'a', 'b', 'c'}")
+
+    def test_set_comprehension(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("{x for x in range(5)}")
+
+    def test_dict_comprehension(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("{x: x*x for x in range(10)}")
+
+    def test_class_decorators(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(class_decorator)
+
+    def test_class_definition(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("class A(metaclass=type, *[], **{}): pass")
+
+    def test_elifs(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(elif1)
+        self.check_roundtrip(elif2)
+
+    def test_try_except_finally(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(try_except_finally)
+
+    def test_starred_assignment(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip("a, *b, c = seq")
+        self.check_roundtrip("a, (*b, c) = seq")
+        self.check_roundtrip("a, *b[0], c = seq")
+        self.check_roundtrip("a, *(b, c) = seq")
+
+    def test_with_simple(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(with_simple)
+
+    def test_with_as(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(with_as)
+
+    def test_with_two_items(self):
+        self.check_roundtrip(with_two_items)
+
+    def test_dict_unpacking_in_dict(self):
+        # See issue 26489
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"""{**{'y': 2}, 'x': 1}""")
+        self.check_roundtrip(r"""{**{'y': 2}, **{'x': 1}}""")
+
+    def test_invalid_raise(self):
+        self.check_invalid(ast.Raise(exc=None, cause=ast.Name(id="X")))
+
+    def test_invalid_fstring_constant(self):
+        self.check_invalid(ast.JoinedStr(values=[ast.Constant(value=100)]))
+
+    def test_invalid_fstring_conversion(self):
+        self.check_invalid(
+            ast.FormattedValue(
+                value=ast.Constant(value="a", kind=None),
+                conversion=ord("Y"),  # random character
+                format_spec=None,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def test_invalid_set(self):
+        self.check_invalid(ast.Set(elts=[]))
+
+
+class DirectoryTestCase(ASTTestCase):
+    """Test roundtrip behaviour on all files in Lib and Lib/test."""
+
+    lib_dir = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / ".."
+    test_directories = (lib_dir, lib_dir / "test")
+    skip_files = {"test_fstring.py"}
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def files_to_test(self):
+        # bpo-31174: Use cached_property to store the names sample
+        # to always test the same files. It prevents false alarms
+        # when hunting reference leaks.
+
+        items = [
+            item.resolve()
+            for directory in self.test_directories
+            for item in directory.glob("*.py")
+            if not item.name.startswith("bad")
+        ]
+
+        # Test limited subset of files unless the 'cpu' resource is specified.
+        if not test.support.is_resource_enabled("cpu"):
+            items = random.sample(items, 10)
+        return items
+
+    def test_files(self):
+        for item in self.files_to_test:
+            if test.support.verbose:
+                print(f"Testing {item.absolute()}")
+
+            # Some f-strings are not correctly round-tripped by
+            # Tools/parser/unparse.py.  See issue 28002 for details.
+            # We need to skip files that contain such f-strings.
+            if item.name in self.skip_files:
+                if test.support.verbose:
+                    print(f"Skipping {item.absolute()}: see issue 28002")
+                continue
+
+            with self.subTest(filename=item):
+                source = read_pyfile(item)
+                self.check_roundtrip(source)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()