bpo-35370: Add _PyEval_SetTrace() function (GH-18975)

* sys.settrace(), sys.setprofile() and _lsprof.Profiler.enable() now
  properly report PySys_Audit() error if "sys.setprofile" or
  "sys.settrace" audit event is denied.
* Add _PyEval_SetProfile() and _PyEval_SetTrace() function: similar
  to PyEval_SetProfile() and PyEval_SetTrace() but take a tstate
  parameter and return -1 on error.
* Add _PyObject_FastCallTstate() function.
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/init.rst b/Doc/c-api/init.rst
index badea5a..747278c 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/init.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/init.rst
@@ -1498,6 +1498,8 @@
    profile function is called for all monitored events except :const:`PyTrace_LINE`
    :const:`PyTrace_OPCODE` and :const:`PyTrace_EXCEPTION`.
 
+   The caller must hold the :term:`GIL`.
+
 
 .. c:function:: void PyEval_SetTrace(Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *obj)
 
@@ -1508,6 +1510,9 @@
    will not receive :const:`PyTrace_C_CALL`, :const:`PyTrace_C_EXCEPTION` or
    :const:`PyTrace_C_RETURN` as a value for the *what* parameter.
 
+   The caller must hold the :term:`GIL`.
+
+
 .. _advanced-debugging:
 
 Advanced Debugger Support
diff --git a/Include/cpython/abstract.h b/Include/cpython/abstract.h
index c0b0182..48cf25c 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/abstract.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/abstract.h
@@ -142,12 +142,18 @@
    "tuple" and keyword arguments "dict". "dict" may also be NULL */
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyVectorcall_Call(PyObject *callable, PyObject *tuple, PyObject *dict);
 
+static inline PyObject *
+_PyObject_FastCallTstate(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+{
+    return _PyObject_VectorcallTstate(tstate, func, args, (size_t)nargs, NULL);
+}
+
 /* Same as PyObject_Vectorcall except without keyword arguments */
 static inline PyObject *
 _PyObject_FastCall(PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
-    return _PyObject_VectorcallTstate(tstate, func, args, (size_t)nargs, NULL);
+    return _PyObject_FastCallTstate(tstate, func, args, nargs);
 }
 
 /* Call a callable without any arguments
diff --git a/Include/cpython/ceval.h b/Include/cpython/ceval.h
index 00c7499..7459937 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/ceval.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/ceval.h
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 #endif
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyEval_SetProfile(Py_tracefunc, PyObject *);
+PyAPI_DATA(int) _PyEval_SetProfile(PyThreadState *tstate, Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyEval_SetTrace(Py_tracefunc, PyObject *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyEval_SetTrace(PyThreadState *tstate, Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyEval_GetCoroutineOriginTrackingDepth(void);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyEval_SetAsyncGenFirstiter(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyEval_GetAsyncGenFirstiter(void);
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-03-13-14-41-28.bpo-35370.df50Q7.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-03-13-14-41-28.bpo-35370.df50Q7.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a65fe63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-03-13-14-41-28.bpo-35370.df50Q7.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+sys.settrace(), sys.setprofile() and _lsprof.Profiler.enable() now properly
+report :c:func:`PySys_Audit` error if "sys.setprofile" or "sys.settrace"
+audit event is denied.
diff --git a/Modules/_lsprof.c b/Modules/_lsprof.c
index 2718c61..7115fee 100644
--- a/Modules/_lsprof.c
+++ b/Modules/_lsprof.c
@@ -578,8 +578,9 @@
 profiler_getstats(ProfilerObject *pObj, PyObject* noarg)
 {
     statscollector_t collect;
-    if (pending_exception(pObj))
+    if (pending_exception(pObj)) {
         return NULL;
+    }
     if (!pObj->externalTimer || pObj->externalTimerUnit == 0.0) {
         _PyTime_t onesec = _PyTime_FromSeconds(1);
         collect.factor = (double)1 / onesec;
@@ -639,9 +640,15 @@
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|ii:enable",
                                      kwlist, &subcalls, &builtins))
         return NULL;
-    if (setSubcalls(self, subcalls) < 0 || setBuiltins(self, builtins) < 0)
+    if (setSubcalls(self, subcalls) < 0 || setBuiltins(self, builtins) < 0) {
         return NULL;
-    PyEval_SetProfile(profiler_callback, (PyObject*)self);
+    }
+
+    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (_PyEval_SetProfile(tstate, profiler_callback, (PyObject*)self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     self->flags |= POF_ENABLED;
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
@@ -671,11 +678,16 @@
 static PyObject*
 profiler_disable(ProfilerObject *self, PyObject* noarg)
 {
-    self->flags &= ~POF_ENABLED;
-    PyEval_SetProfile(NULL, NULL);
-    flush_unmatched(self);
-    if (pending_exception(self))
+    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (_PyEval_SetProfile(tstate, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
         return NULL;
+    }
+    self->flags &= ~POF_ENABLED;
+
+    flush_unmatched(self);
+    if (pending_exception(self)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -695,8 +707,13 @@
 static void
 profiler_dealloc(ProfilerObject *op)
 {
-    if (op->flags & POF_ENABLED)
-        PyEval_SetProfile(NULL, NULL);
+    if (op->flags & POF_ENABLED) {
+        PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
+        if (_PyEval_SetProfile(tstate, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
+            PyErr_WriteUnraisable((PyObject *)op);
+        }
+    }
+
     flush_unmatched(op);
     clearEntries(op);
     Py_XDECREF(op->externalTimer);
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index ccd1c06..fc4f718 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -4586,51 +4586,85 @@
     return result;
 }
 
+int
+_PyEval_SetProfile(PyThreadState *tstate, Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    assert(tstate != NULL);
+    /* The caller must hold the GIL */
+    assert(PyGILState_Check());
+
+    /* Call PySys_Audit() in the context of the current thread state,
+       even if tstate is not the current thread state. */
+    if (PySys_Audit("sys.setprofile", NULL) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *profileobj = tstate->c_profileobj;
+
+    tstate->c_profilefunc = NULL;
+    tstate->c_profileobj = NULL;
+    /* Must make sure that tracing is not ignored if 'profileobj' is freed */
+    tstate->use_tracing = tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL;
+    Py_XDECREF(profileobj);
+
+    Py_XINCREF(arg);
+    tstate->c_profileobj = arg;
+    tstate->c_profilefunc = func;
+
+    /* Flag that tracing or profiling is turned on */
+    tstate->use_tracing = (func != NULL) || (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 void
 PyEval_SetProfile(Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg)
 {
-    if (PySys_Audit("sys.setprofile", NULL) < 0) {
-        return;
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    (void)_PyEval_SetProfile(tstate, func, arg);
+}
+
+int
+_PyEval_SetTrace(PyThreadState *tstate, Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    assert(tstate != NULL);
+    /* The caller must hold the GIL */
+    assert(PyGILState_Check());
+
+    /* Call PySys_Audit() in the context of the current thread state,
+       even if tstate is not the current thread state. */
+    if (PySys_Audit("sys.settrace", NULL) < 0) {
+        return -1;
     }
 
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    PyObject *temp = tstate->c_profileobj;
+    struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &tstate->interp->runtime->ceval;
+    PyObject *traceobj = tstate->c_traceobj;
+    ceval->tracing_possible += (func != NULL) - (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL);
+
+    tstate->c_tracefunc = NULL;
+    tstate->c_traceobj = NULL;
+    /* Must make sure that profiling is not ignored if 'traceobj' is freed */
+    tstate->use_tracing = (tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL);
+    Py_XDECREF(traceobj);
+
     Py_XINCREF(arg);
-    tstate->c_profilefunc = NULL;
-    tstate->c_profileobj = NULL;
-    /* Must make sure that tracing is not ignored if 'temp' is freed */
-    tstate->use_tracing = tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL;
-    Py_XDECREF(temp);
-    tstate->c_profilefunc = func;
-    tstate->c_profileobj = arg;
+    tstate->c_traceobj = arg;
+    tstate->c_tracefunc = func;
+
     /* Flag that tracing or profiling is turned on */
-    tstate->use_tracing = (func != NULL) || (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL);
+    tstate->use_tracing = ((func != NULL)
+                           || (tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL));
+
+    return 0;
 }
 
 void
 PyEval_SetTrace(Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg)
 {
-    if (PySys_Audit("sys.settrace", NULL) < 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    _PyRuntimeState *runtime = &_PyRuntime;
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyRuntimeState_GetThreadState(runtime);
-    PyObject *temp = tstate->c_traceobj;
-    runtime->ceval.tracing_possible += (func != NULL) - (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL);
-    Py_XINCREF(arg);
-    tstate->c_tracefunc = NULL;
-    tstate->c_traceobj = NULL;
-    /* Must make sure that profiling is not ignored if 'temp' is freed */
-    tstate->use_tracing = tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL;
-    Py_XDECREF(temp);
-    tstate->c_tracefunc = func;
-    tstate->c_traceobj = arg;
-    /* Flag that tracing or profiling is turned on */
-    tstate->use_tracing = ((func != NULL)
-                           || (tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL));
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    (void)_PyEval_SetTrace(tstate, func, arg);
 }
 
+
 void
 _PyEval_SetCoroutineOriginTrackingDepth(PyThreadState *tstate, int new_depth)
 {
diff --git a/Python/sysmodule.c b/Python/sysmodule.c
index 2a8d12c..c78a627 100644
--- a/Python/sysmodule.c
+++ b/Python/sysmodule.c
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@
 
 
 static PyObject *
-call_trampoline(PyObject* callback,
+call_trampoline(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject* callback,
                 PyFrameObject *frame, int what, PyObject *arg)
 {
     if (PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError(frame) < 0) {
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@
     stack[2] = (arg != NULL) ? arg : Py_None;
 
     /* call the Python-level function */
-    PyObject *result = _PyObject_FastCall(callback, stack, 3);
+    PyObject *result = _PyObject_FastCallTstate(tstate, callback, stack, 3);
 
     PyFrame_LocalsToFast(frame, 1);
     if (result == NULL) {
@@ -903,15 +903,17 @@
 profile_trampoline(PyObject *self, PyFrameObject *frame,
                    int what, PyObject *arg)
 {
-    PyObject *result;
-
-    if (arg == NULL)
+    if (arg == NULL) {
         arg = Py_None;
-    result = call_trampoline(self, frame, what, arg);
+    }
+
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *result = call_trampoline(tstate, self, frame, what, arg);
     if (result == NULL) {
-        PyEval_SetProfile(NULL, NULL);
+        _PyEval_SetProfile(tstate, NULL, NULL);
         return -1;
     }
+
     Py_DECREF(result);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -921,20 +923,24 @@
                  int what, PyObject *arg)
 {
     PyObject *callback;
-    PyObject *result;
-
-    if (what == PyTrace_CALL)
+    if (what == PyTrace_CALL) {
         callback = self;
-    else
+    }
+    else {
         callback = frame->f_trace;
-    if (callback == NULL)
+    }
+    if (callback == NULL) {
         return 0;
-    result = call_trampoline(callback, frame, what, arg);
+    }
+
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *result = call_trampoline(tstate, callback, frame, what, arg);
     if (result == NULL) {
-        PyEval_SetTrace(NULL, NULL);
+        _PyEval_SetTrace(tstate, NULL, NULL);
         Py_CLEAR(frame->f_trace);
         return -1;
     }
+
     if (result != Py_None) {
         Py_XSETREF(frame->f_trace, result);
     }
@@ -947,12 +953,21 @@
 static PyObject *
 sys_settrace(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    if (trace_init() == -1)
+    if (trace_init() == -1) {
         return NULL;
-    if (args == Py_None)
-        PyEval_SetTrace(NULL, NULL);
-    else
-        PyEval_SetTrace(trace_trampoline, args);
+    }
+
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (args == Py_None) {
+        if (_PyEval_SetTrace(tstate, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (_PyEval_SetTrace(tstate, trace_trampoline, args) < 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -987,12 +1002,21 @@
 static PyObject *
 sys_setprofile(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    if (trace_init() == -1)
+    if (trace_init() == -1) {
         return NULL;
-    if (args == Py_None)
-        PyEval_SetProfile(NULL, NULL);
-    else
-        PyEval_SetProfile(profile_trampoline, args);
+    }
+
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (args == Py_None) {
+        if (_PyEval_SetProfile(tstate, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (_PyEval_SetProfile(tstate, profile_trampoline, args) < 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }