"""A POP3 client class.

Based on the J. Myers POP3 draft, Jan. 96
"""

# Author: David Ascher <david_ascher@brown.edu>
#         [heavily stealing from nntplib.py]
# Updated: Piers Lauder <piers@cs.su.oz.au> [Jul '97]
# String method conversion and test jig improvements by ESR, February 2001.

# Example (see the test function at the end of this file)

# Imports

import re, socket

__all__ = ["POP3","error_proto"]

# Exception raised when an error or invalid response is received:

class error_proto(Exception): pass

# Standard Port
POP3_PORT = 110

# Line terminators (we always output CRLF, but accept any of CRLF, LFCR, LF)
CR = '\r'
LF = '\n'
CRLF = CR+LF


class POP3:

    """This class supports both the minimal and optional command sets.
    Arguments can be strings or integers (where appropriate)
    (e.g.: retr(1) and retr('1') both work equally well.

    Minimal Command Set:
            USER name               user(name)
            PASS string             pass_(string)
            STAT                    stat()
            LIST [msg]              list(msg = None)
            RETR msg                retr(msg)
            DELE msg                dele(msg)
            NOOP                    noop()
            RSET                    rset()
            QUIT                    quit()

    Optional Commands (some servers support these):
            RPOP name               rpop(name)
            APOP name digest        apop(name, digest)
            TOP msg n               top(msg, n)
            UIDL [msg]              uidl(msg = None)

    Raises one exception: 'error_proto'.

    Instantiate with:
            POP3(hostname, port=110)

    NB:     the POP protocol locks the mailbox from user
            authorization until QUIT, so be sure to get in, suck
            the messages, and quit, each time you access the
            mailbox.

            POP is a line-based protocol, which means large mail
            messages consume lots of python cycles reading them
            line-by-line.

            If it's available on your mail server, use IMAP4
            instead, it doesn't suffer from the two problems
            above.
    """


    def __init__(self, host, port = POP3_PORT):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list"
        self.sock = None
        for res in socket.getaddrinfo(self.host, self.port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
            af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
            try:
                self.sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
                self.sock.connect(sa)
            except socket.error, msg:
                if self.sock:
                    self.sock.close()
                self.sock = None
                continue
            break
        if not self.sock:
            raise socket.error, msg
        self.file = self.sock.makefile('rb')
        self._debugging = 0
        self.welcome = self._getresp()


    def _putline(self, line):
        #if self._debugging > 1: print '*put*', `line`
        self.sock.send('%s%s' % (line, CRLF))


    # Internal: send one command to the server (through _putline())

    def _putcmd(self, line):
        #if self._debugging: print '*cmd*', `line`
        self._putline(line)


    # Internal: return one line from the server, stripping CRLF.
    # This is where all the CPU time of this module is consumed.
    # Raise error_proto('-ERR EOF') if the connection is closed.

    def _getline(self):
        line = self.file.readline()
        #if self._debugging > 1: print '*get*', `line`
        if not line: raise error_proto('-ERR EOF')
        octets = len(line)
        # server can send any combination of CR & LF
        # however, 'readline()' returns lines ending in LF
        # so only possibilities are ...LF, ...CRLF, CR...LF
        if line[-2:] == CRLF:
            return line[:-2], octets
        if line[0] == CR:
            return line[1:-1], octets
        return line[:-1], octets


    # Internal: get a response from the server.
    # Raise 'error_proto' if the response doesn't start with '+'.

    def _getresp(self):
        resp, o = self._getline()
        #if self._debugging > 1: print '*resp*', `resp`
        c = resp[:1]
        if c != '+':
            raise error_proto(resp)
        return resp


    # Internal: get a response plus following text from the server.

    def _getlongresp(self):
        resp = self._getresp()
        list = []; octets = 0
        line, o = self._getline()
        while line != '.':
            if line[:2] == '..':
                o = o-1
                line = line[1:]
            octets = octets + o
            list.append(line)
            line, o = self._getline()
        return resp, list, octets


    # Internal: send a command and get the response

    def _shortcmd(self, line):
        self._putcmd(line)
        return self._getresp()


    # Internal: send a command and get the response plus following text

    def _longcmd(self, line):
        self._putcmd(line)
        return self._getlongresp()


    # These can be useful:

    def getwelcome(self):
        return self.welcome


    def set_debuglevel(self, level):
        self._debugging = level


    # Here are all the POP commands:

    def user(self, user):
        """Send user name, return response

        (should indicate password required).
        """
        return self._shortcmd('USER %s' % user)


    def pass_(self, pswd):
        """Send password, return response

        (response includes message count, mailbox size).

        NB: mailbox is locked by server from here to 'quit()'
        """
        return self._shortcmd('PASS %s' % pswd)


    def stat(self):
        """Get mailbox status.

        Result is tuple of 2 ints (message count, mailbox size)
        """
        retval = self._shortcmd('STAT')
        rets = retval.split()
        #if self._debugging: print '*stat*', `rets`
        numMessages = int(rets[1])
        sizeMessages = int(rets[2])
        return (numMessages, sizeMessages)


    def list(self, which=None):
        """Request listing, return result.

        Result without a message number argument is in form
        ['response', ['mesg_num octets', ...]].

        Result when a message number argument is given is a
        single response: the "scan listing" for that message.
        """
        if which:
            return self._shortcmd('LIST %s' % which)
        return self._longcmd('LIST')


    def retr(self, which):
        """Retrieve whole message number 'which'.

        Result is in form ['response', ['line', ...], octets].
        """
        return self._longcmd('RETR %s' % which)


    def dele(self, which):
        """Delete message number 'which'.

        Result is 'response'.
        """
        return self._shortcmd('DELE %s' % which)


    def noop(self):
        """Does nothing.

        One supposes the response indicates the server is alive.
        """
        return self._shortcmd('NOOP')


    def rset(self):
        """Not sure what this does."""
        return self._shortcmd('RSET')


    def quit(self):
        """Signoff: commit changes on server, unlock mailbox, close connection."""
        try:
            resp = self._shortcmd('QUIT')
        except error_proto, val:
            resp = val
        self.file.close()
        self.sock.close()
        del self.file, self.sock
        return resp

    #__del__ = quit


    # optional commands:

    def rpop(self, user):
        """Not sure what this does."""
        return self._shortcmd('RPOP %s' % user)


    timestamp = re.compile(r'\+OK.*(<[^>]+>)')

    def apop(self, user, secret):
        """Authorisation

        - only possible if server has supplied a timestamp in initial greeting.

        Args:
                user    - mailbox user;
                secret  - secret shared between client and server.

        NB: mailbox is locked by server from here to 'quit()'
        """
        m = self.timestamp.match(self.welcome)
        if not m:
            raise error_proto('-ERR APOP not supported by server')
        import md5
        digest = md5.new(m.group(1)+secret).digest()
        digest = ''.join(map(lambda x:'%02x'%ord(x), digest))
        return self._shortcmd('APOP %s %s' % (user, digest))


    def top(self, which, howmuch):
        """Retrieve message header of message number 'which'
        and first 'howmuch' lines of message body.

        Result is in form ['response', ['line', ...], octets].
        """
        return self._longcmd('TOP %s %s' % (which, howmuch))


    def uidl(self, which=None):
        """Return message digest (unique id) list.

        If 'which', result contains unique id for that message
        in the form 'response mesgnum uid', otherwise result is
        the list ['response', ['mesgnum uid', ...], octets]
        """
        if which:
            return self._shortcmd('UIDL %s' % which)
        return self._longcmd('UIDL')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    a = POP3(sys.argv[1])
    print a.getwelcome()
    a.user(sys.argv[2])
    a.pass_(sys.argv[3])
    a.list()
    (numMsgs, totalSize) = a.stat()
    for i in range(1, numMsgs + 1):
        (header, msg, octets) = a.retr(i)
        print "Message ", `i`, ':'
        for line in msg:
            print '   ' + line
        print '-----------------------'
    a.quit()