diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/proactor_events.py b/Lib/asyncio/proactor_events.py
index b675c82..877dfb0 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/proactor_events.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/proactor_events.py
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@
                  extra=None, server=None):
         super().__init__(loop, sock, protocol, waiter, extra, server)
         self._paused = False
+        self._reschedule_on_resume = False
 
         if protocols._is_buffered_protocol(protocol):
             self._loop_reading = self._loop_reading__get_buffer
@@ -180,6 +181,7 @@
         if self._read_fut is not None and not self._read_fut.done():
             self._read_fut.cancel()
             self._read_fut = None
+            self._reschedule_on_resume = True
 
         if self._loop.get_debug():
             logger.debug("%r pauses reading", self)
@@ -188,7 +190,9 @@
         if self._closing or not self._paused:
             return
         self._paused = False
-        self._loop.call_soon(self._loop_reading, self._read_fut)
+        if self._reschedule_on_resume:
+            self._loop.call_soon(self._loop_reading, self._read_fut)
+            self._reschedule_on_resume = False
         if self._loop.get_debug():
             logger.debug("%r resumes reading", self)
 
@@ -208,6 +212,7 @@
 
     def _loop_reading__data_received(self, fut=None):
         if self._paused:
+            self._reschedule_on_resume = True
             return
 
         data = None
@@ -257,6 +262,7 @@
 
     def _loop_reading__get_buffer(self, fut=None):
         if self._paused:
+            self._reschedule_on_resume = True
             return
 
         nbytes = None
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_proactor_events.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_proactor_events.py
index 98e6989..6313d59 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_proactor_events.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_proactor_events.py
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@
     def test_pause_resume_reading(self):
         tr = self.socket_transport()
         futures = []
-        for msg in [b'data1', b'data2', b'data3', b'data4', b'']:
+        for msg in [b'data1', b'data2', b'data3', b'data4', b'data5', b'']:
             f = asyncio.Future(loop=self.loop)
             f.set_result(msg)
             futures.append(f)
@@ -364,6 +364,13 @@
         self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data3')
         self.loop._run_once()
         self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data4')
+
+        tr.pause_reading()
+        tr.resume_reading()
+        self.loop.call_exception_handler = mock.Mock()
+        self.loop._run_once()
+        self.loop.call_exception_handler.assert_not_called()
+        self.protocol.data_received.assert_called_with(b'data5')
         tr.close()
 
         self.assertFalse(tr.is_reading())
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-05-16-05-24-43.bpo-26819.taxbVT.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-05-16-05-24-43.bpo-26819.taxbVT.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d407a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-05-16-05-24-43.bpo-26819.taxbVT.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix race condition with `ReadTransport.resume_reading` in Windows proactor
+event loop.