bpo-43510: Implement PEP 597 opt-in EncodingWarning. (GH-19481)

See [PEP 597](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0597/).

* Add `-X warn_default_encoding` and `PYTHONWARNDEFAULTENCODING`.
* Add EncodingWarning
* Add io.text_encoding()
* open(), TextIOWrapper() emits EncodingWarning when encoding is omitted and warn_default_encoding is enabled.
* _pyio.TextIOWrapper() uses UTF-8 as fallback default encoding used when failed to import locale module. (used during building Python)
* bz2, configparser, gzip, lzma, pathlib, tempfile modules use io.text_encoding().
* What's new entry
diff --git a/Modules/_io/textio.c b/Modules/_io/textio.c
index 03001ec..6f89a87 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/textio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/textio.c
@@ -1124,6 +1124,17 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper___init___impl(textio *self, PyObject *buffer,
     self->b2cratio = 0.0;
 
     if (encoding == NULL) {
+        PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+        if (_PyInterpreterState_GetConfig(interp)->warn_default_encoding) {
+            PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_EncodingWarning,
+                         "'encoding' argument not specified", 1);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(encoding, "locale") == 0) {
+        encoding = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (encoding == NULL) {
         /* Try os.device_encoding(fileno) */
         PyObject *fileno;
         state = IO_STATE();