| Building a Python Mac OS X distribution |
| ======================================= |
| |
| The ``build-install.py`` script creates Python distributions, including |
| certain third-party libraries as necessary. It builds a complete |
| framework-based Python out-of-tree, installs it in a funny place with |
| $DESTROOT, massages that installation to remove .pyc files and such, creates |
| an Installer package from the installation plus other files in ``resources`` |
| and ``scripts`` and placed that on a ``.dmg`` disk image. |
| |
| As of Python 3.3.0, PSF practice is to build two installer variants |
| for each release. |
| |
| 1. 32-bit-only, i386 and PPC universal, capable on running on all machines |
| supported by Mac OS X 10.5 through (at least) 10.8:: |
| |
| /usr/bin/python build-installer.py \ |
| --sdk-path=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk \ |
| --universal-archs=32-bit \ |
| --dep-target=10.5 |
| |
| - builds the following third-party libraries |
| |
| * NCurses 5.9 (http://bugs.python.org/issue15037) |
| * SQLite 3.7.13 |
| * XZ 5.0.3 |
| |
| - uses system-supplied versions of third-party libraries |
| |
| * readline module links with Apple BSD editline (libedit) |
| |
| - requires ActiveState ``Tcl/Tk 8.4`` (currently 8.4.19) to be installed for building |
| |
| - recommended build environment: |
| |
| * Mac OS X 10.5.8 Intel or PPC |
| * Xcode 3.1.4 |
| * ``MacOSX10.5`` SDK |
| * ``MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.5`` |
| * Apple ``gcc-4.2`` |
| * system Python 2.5 for documentation build with Sphinx |
| |
| - alternate build environments: |
| |
| * Mac OS X 10.6.8 with Xcode 3.2.6 |
| - need to change ``/System/Library/Frameworks/{Tcl,Tk}.framework/Version/Current`` to ``8.4`` |
| * Note Xcode 4.* does not support building for PPC so cannot be used for this build |
| |
| 2. 64-bit / 32-bit, x86_64 and i386 universal, for OS X 10.6 (and later):: |
| |
| /usr/bin/python build-installer.py \ |
| --sdk-path=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk \ |
| --universal-archs=intel \ |
| --dep-target=10.6 |
| |
| - builds the following third-party libraries |
| |
| * NCurses 5.9 (http://bugs.python.org/issue15037) |
| * SQLite 3.7.13 |
| * Tcl 8.5.14 |
| * Tk 8.5.14 |
| * XZ 5.0.3 |
| |
| - uses system-supplied versions of third-party libraries |
| |
| * readline module links with Apple BSD editline (libedit) |
| |
| - requires ActiveState Tcl/Tk 8.5.14 (or later) to be installed for building |
| |
| * Beginning with Python 3.4 alpha2, this installer now includes its own |
| private copy of Tcl and Tk 8.5.14 libraries and thus is no longer |
| dependent on the buggy releases of Aqua Cocoa Tk 8.5 shipped with |
| OS X 10.6 or on installing a newer third-party version of Tcl/Tk |
| in /Library/Frameworks, such as from ActiveState. Because this |
| is a new feature, it should be considered somewhat experimental and |
| subject to change prior to the final release of Python 3.4. If it |
| is necessary to fallback to using a third-party Tcl/Tk because of |
| a problem with the private Tcl/Tk, there is a backup version of |
| the _tkinter extension included which will dynamically link to |
| Tcl and Tk frameworks in /Library/Frameworks as in previous releases. |
| To enable (for all users of this Python 3.4):: |
| |
| sudo bash |
| cd /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4 |
| cd ./lib/python3.4/lib-dynload |
| cp -p _tkinter.so.framework _tkinter.so |
| exit |
| |
| To restore using Python's private versions of Tcl and Tk:: |
| |
| sudo bash |
| cd /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4 |
| cd ./lib/python3.4/lib-dynload |
| cp -p _tkinter.so.private _tkinter.so |
| exit |
| |
| - recommended build environment: |
| |
| * Mac OS X 10.6.8 (or later) |
| * Xcode 3.2.6 |
| * ``MacOSX10.6`` SDK |
| * ``MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.6`` |
| * Apple ``gcc-4.2`` |
| * system Python 2.6 for documentation build with Sphinx |
| |
| - alternate build environments: |
| |
| * none. Xcode 4.x currently supplies two C compilers. |
| ``llvm-gcc-4.2.1`` has been found to miscompile Python 3.3.x and |
| produce a non-functional Python executable. As it appears to be |
| considered a migration aid by Apple and is not likely to be fixed, |
| its use should be avoided. The other compiler, ``clang``, has been |
| undergoing rapid development. While it appears to have become |
| production-ready in the most recent Xcode 4 releases (Xcode 4.6.3 |
| as of this writing), there are still some open issues when |
| building Python and there has not yet been the level of exposure in |
| production environments that the Xcode 3 gcc-4.2 compiler has had. |
| |
| |
| * For Python 2.7.x and 3.2.x, the 32-bit-only installer was configured to |
| support Mac OS X 10.3.9 through (at least) 10.6. Because it is |
| believed that there are few systems still running OS X 10.3 or 10.4 |
| and because it has become increasingly difficult to test and |
| support the differences in these earlier systems, as of Python 3.3.0 the PSF |
| 32-bit installer no longer supports them. For reference in building such |
| an installer yourself, the details are:: |
| |
| /usr/bin/python build-installer.py \ |
| --sdk-path=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk \ |
| --universal-archs=32-bit \ |
| --dep-target=10.3 |
| |
| - builds the following third-party libraries |
| |
| * Bzip2 |
| * NCurses |
| * GNU Readline (GPL) |
| * SQLite 3 |
| * XZ |
| * Zlib 1.2.3 |
| * Oracle Sleepycat DB 4.8 (Python 2.x only) |
| |
| - requires ActiveState ``Tcl/Tk 8.4`` (currently 8.4.19) to be installed for building |
| |
| - recommended build environment: |
| |
| * Mac OS X 10.5.8 PPC or Intel |
| * Xcode 3.1.4 (or later) |
| * ``MacOSX10.4u`` SDK (later SDKs do not support PPC G3 processors) |
| * ``MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.3`` |
| * Apple ``gcc-4.0`` |
| * system Python 2.5 for documentation build with Sphinx |
| |
| - alternate build environments: |
| |
| * Mac OS X 10.6.8 with Xcode 3.2.6 |
| - need to change ``/System/Library/Frameworks/{Tcl,Tk}.framework/Version/Current`` to ``8.4`` |
| |
| |
| |
| General Prerequisites |
| --------------------- |
| |
| * No Fink (in ``/sw``) or MacPorts (in ``/opt/local``) or other local |
| libraries or utilities (in ``/usr/local``) as they could |
| interfere with the build. |
| |
| * The documentation for the release is built using Sphinx |
| because it is included in the installer. |
| |
| * It is safest to start each variant build with an empty source directory |
| populated with a fresh copy of the untarred source. |
| |
| * It is recommended that you remove any existing installed version of the |
| Python being built:: |
| |
| sudo rm -rf /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/n.n |
| |
| |
| The Recipe |
| ---------- |
| |
| Here are the steps you need to follow to build a Python installer: |
| |
| * Run ``build-installer.py``. Optionally you can pass a number of arguments |
| to specify locations of various files. Please see the top of |
| ``build-installer.py`` for its usage. |
| |
| Running this script takes some time, it will not only build Python itself |
| but also some 3th-party libraries that are needed for extensions. |
| |
| * When done the script will tell you where the DMG image is (by default |
| somewhere in ``/tmp/_py``). |
| |
| Building other universal installers |
| ................................... |
| |
| It is also possible to build a 4-way universal installer that runs on |
| OS X 10.5 Leopard or later:: |
| |
| /usr/bin/python /build-installer.py \ |
| --dep-target=10.5 |
| --universal-archs=all |
| --sdk-path=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk |
| |
| This requires that the deployment target is 10.5, and hence |
| also that you are building on at least OS X 10.5. 4-way includes |
| ``i386``, ``x86_64``, ``ppc``, and ``ppc64`` (G5). ``ppc64`` executable |
| variants can only be run on G5 machines running 10.5. Note that, |
| while OS X 10.6 is only supported on Intel-based machines, it is possible |
| to run ``ppc`` (32-bit) executables unmodified thanks to the Rosetta ppc |
| emulation in OS X 10.5 and 10.6. The 4-way installer variant must be |
| built with Xcode 3. It is not regularly built or tested. |
| |
| Other ``--universal-archs`` options are ``64-bit`` (``x86_64``, ``ppc64``), |
| and ``3-way`` (``ppc``, ``i386``, ``x86_64``). None of these options |
| are regularly exercised; use at your own risk. |
| |
| |
| Testing |
| ------- |
| |
| Ideally, the resulting binaries should be installed and the test suite run |
| on all supported OS X releases and architectures. As a practical matter, |
| that is generally not possible. At a minimum, variant 1 should be run on |
| a PPC G4 system with OS X 10.5 and at least one Intel system running OS X |
| 10.8, 10.7, 10.6, or 10.5. Variant 2 should be run on 10.8, 10.7, and 10.6 |
| systems in both 32-bit and 64-bit modes.:: |
| |
| /usr/local/bin/pythonn.n -m test -w -u all,-largefile |
| /usr/local/bin/pythonn.n-32 -m test -w -u all |
| |
| Certain tests will be skipped and some cause the interpreter to fail |
| which will likely generate ``Python quit unexpectedly`` alert messages |
| to be generated at several points during a test run. These are normal |
| during testing and can be ignored. |
| |
| It is also recommend to launch IDLE and verify that it is at least |
| functional. Double-click on the IDLE app icon in ``/Applications/Pythonn.n``. |
| It should also be tested from the command line:: |
| |
| /usr/local/bin/idlen.n |
| |