bpo-27657: Fix urlparse() with numeric paths (#661)

* bpo-27657: Fix urlparse() with numeric paths

Revert parsing decision from bpo-754016 in favor of the documented
consensus in bpo-16932 of how to treat strings without a // to
designate the netloc.

* bpo-22891: Remove urlsplit() optimization for 'http' prefixed inputs.
diff --git a/Lib/urllib/parse.py b/Lib/urllib/parse.py
index 3a38dc1..31fd7e1 100644
--- a/Lib/urllib/parse.py
+++ b/Lib/urllib/parse.py
@@ -431,31 +431,11 @@
     netloc = query = fragment = ''
     i = url.find(':')
     if i > 0:
-        if url[:i] == 'http': # optimize the common case
-            url = url[i+1:]
-            if url[:2] == '//':
-                netloc, url = _splitnetloc(url, 2)
-                if (('[' in netloc and ']' not in netloc) or
-                        (']' in netloc and '[' not in netloc)):
-                    raise ValueError("Invalid IPv6 URL")
-            if allow_fragments and '#' in url:
-                url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
-            if '?' in url:
-                url, query = url.split('?', 1)
-            _checknetloc(netloc)
-            v = SplitResult('http', netloc, url, query, fragment)
-            _parse_cache[key] = v
-            return _coerce_result(v)
         for c in url[:i]:
             if c not in scheme_chars:
                 break
         else:
-            # make sure "url" is not actually a port number (in which case
-            # "scheme" is really part of the path)
-            rest = url[i+1:]
-            if not rest or any(c not in '0123456789' for c in rest):
-                # not a port number
-                scheme, url = url[:i].lower(), rest
+            scheme, url = url[:i].lower(), url[i+1:]
 
     if url[:2] == '//':
         netloc, url = _splitnetloc(url, 2)