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# Copyright 2007 Google, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
"""Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) for collections, according to PEP 3119.
DON'T USE THIS MODULE DIRECTLY! The classes here should be imported
via collections; they are defined here only to alleviate certain
bootstrapping issues. Unit tests are in test_collections.
"""
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
__all__ = ["Hashable", "Iterable", "Iterator",
"Sized", "Container", "Callable",
"Set", "MutableSet",
"Mapping", "MutableMapping",
"MappingView", "KeysView", "ItemsView", "ValuesView",
"Sequence", "MutableSequence",
"ByteString",
"bytearray_iterator", "bytes_iterator", "dict_itemiterator",
"dict_items", "dict_keyiterator", "dict_keys", "dict_proxy",
"dict_valueiterator", "dict_values", "list_iterator",
"list_reverseiterator", "range_iterator", "set_iterator",
"str_iterator", "tuple_iterator", "zip_iterator",
]
### collection related types which are not exposed through builtin ###
## iterators ##
bytes_iterator = type(iter(b''))
bytearray_iterator = type(iter(bytearray()))
#callable_iterator = ???
dict_keyiterator = type(iter({}.keys()))
dict_valueiterator = type(iter({}.values()))
dict_itemiterator = type(iter({}.items()))
list_iterator = type(iter([]))
list_reverseiterator = type(iter(reversed([])))
range_iterator = type(iter(range(0)))
set_iterator = type(iter(set()))
str_iterator = type(iter(""))
tuple_iterator = type(iter(()))
zip_iterator = type(iter(zip()))
## views ##
dict_keys = type({}.keys())
dict_values = type({}.values())
dict_items = type({}.items())
## misc ##
dict_proxy = type(type.__dict__)
### ONE-TRICK PONIES ###
class Hashable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def __hash__(self):
return 0
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Hashable:
for B in C.__mro__:
if "__hash__" in B.__dict__:
if B.__dict__["__hash__"]:
return True
break
return NotImplemented
class Iterable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def __iter__(self):
while False:
yield None
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Iterable:
if any("__iter__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):
return True
return NotImplemented
class Iterator(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def __next__(self):
raise StopIteration
def __iter__(self):
return self
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Iterator:
if any("__next__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):
return True
return NotImplemented
Iterator.register(bytes_iterator)
Iterator.register(bytearray_iterator)
#Iterator.register(callable_iterator)
Iterator.register(dict_keyiterator)
Iterator.register(dict_valueiterator)
Iterator.register(dict_itemiterator)
Iterator.register(list_iterator)
Iterator.register(list_reverseiterator)
Iterator.register(range_iterator)
Iterator.register(set_iterator)
Iterator.register(str_iterator)
Iterator.register(tuple_iterator)
Iterator.register(zip_iterator)
class Sized(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def __len__(self):
return 0
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Sized:
if any("__len__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):
return True
return NotImplemented
class Container(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def __contains__(self, x):
return False
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Container:
if any("__contains__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):
return True
return NotImplemented
class Callable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def __contains__(self, x):
return False
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Callable:
if any("__call__" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):
return True
return NotImplemented
### SETS ###
class Set(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""A set is a finite, iterable container.
This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
methods except for __contains__, __iter__ and __len__.
To override the comparisons (presumably for speed, as the
semantics are fixed), all you have to do is redefine __le__ and
then the other operations will automatically follow suit.
"""
@abstractmethod
def __contains__(self, value):
return False
@abstractmethod
def __iter__(self):
while False:
yield None
@abstractmethod
def __len__(self):
return 0
def __le__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
return NotImplemented
if len(self) > len(other):
return False
for elem in self:
if elem not in other:
return False
return True
def __lt__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
return NotImplemented
return len(self) < len(other) and self.__le__(other)
def __eq__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
return NotImplemented
return len(self) == len(other) and self.__le__(other)
@classmethod
def _from_iterable(cls, it):
return frozenset(it)
def __and__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
return NotImplemented
return self._from_iterable(value for value in other if value in self)
def __or__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
return NotImplemented
return self._from_iterable(itertools.chain(self, other))
def __sub__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
return NotImplemented
other = self._from_iterable(other)
return self._from_iterable(value for value in self
if value not in other)
def __xor__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
return NotImplemented
other = self._from_iterable(other)
return (self - other) | (other - self)
def _hash(self):
"""Compute the hash value of a set.
Note that we don't define __hash__: not all sets are hashable.
But if you define a hashable set type, its __hash__ should
call this function.
This must be compatible __eq__.
All sets ought to compare equal if they contain the same
elements, regardless of how they are implemented, and
regardless of the order of the elements; so there's not much
freedom for __eq__ or __hash__. We match the algorithm used
by the built-in frozenset type.
"""
MAX = sys.maxint
MASK = 2 * MAX + 1
n = len(self)
h = 1927868237 * (n + 1)
h &= MASK
for x in self:
hx = hash(x)
h ^= (hx ^ (hx << 16) ^ 89869747) * 3644798167
h &= MASK
h = h * 69069 + 907133923
h &= MASK
if h > MAX:
h -= MASK + 1
if h == -1:
h = 590923713
return h
Set.register(frozenset)
class MutableSet(Set):
@abstractmethod
def add(self, value):
"""Return True if it was added, False if already there."""
raise NotImplementedError
@abstractmethod
def discard(self, value):
"""Return True if it was deleted, False if not there."""
raise NotImplementedError
def pop(self):
"""Return the popped value. Raise KeyError if empty."""
it = iter(self)
try:
value = it.__next__()
except StopIteration:
raise KeyError
self.discard(value)
return value
def toggle(self, value):
"""Return True if it was added, False if deleted."""
# XXX This implementation is not thread-safe
if value in self:
self.discard(value)
return False
else:
self.add(value)
return True
def clear(self):
"""This is slow (creates N new iterators!) but effective."""
try:
while True:
self.pop()
except KeyError:
pass
def __ior__(self, it: Iterable):
for value in it:
self.add(value)
return self
def __iand__(self, c: Container):
for value in self:
if value not in c:
self.discard(value)
return self
def __ixor__(self, it: Iterable):
# This calls toggle(), so if that is overridded, we call the override
for value in it:
self.toggle(it)
return self
def __isub__(self, it: Iterable):
for value in it:
self.discard(value)
return self
MutableSet.register(set)
### MAPPINGS ###
class Mapping(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def __getitem__(self, key):
raise KeyError
def get(self, key, default=None):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
return default
def __contains__(self, key):
try:
self[key]
except KeyError:
return False
else:
return True
@abstractmethod
def __len__(self):
return 0
@abstractmethod
def __iter__(self):
while False:
yield None
def keys(self):
return KeysView(self)
def items(self):
return ItemsView(self)
def values(self):
return ValuesView(self)
class MappingView(metaclass=ABCMeta):
def __init__(self, mapping):
self._mapping = mapping
def __len__(self):
return len(self._mapping)
class KeysView(MappingView, Set):
def __contains__(self, key):
return key in self._mapping
def __iter__(self):
for key in self._mapping:
yield key
KeysView.register(dict_keys)
class ItemsView(MappingView, Set):
def __contains__(self, item):
key, value = item
try:
v = self._mapping[key]
except KeyError:
return False
else:
return v == value
def __iter__(self):
for key in self._mapping:
yield (key, self._mapping[key])
ItemsView.register(dict_items)
class ValuesView(MappingView):
def __contains__(self, value):
for key in self._mapping:
if value == self._mapping[key]:
return True
return False
def __iter__(self):
for key in self._mapping:
yield self._mapping[key]
ValuesView.register(dict_values)
class MutableMapping(Mapping):
@abstractmethod
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
raise KeyError
@abstractmethod
def __delitem__(self, key):
raise KeyError
__marker = object()
def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
try:
value = self[key]
except KeyError:
if default is self.__marker:
raise
return default
else:
del self[key]
return value
def popitem(self):
try:
key = next(iter(self))
except StopIteration:
raise KeyError
value = self[key]
del self[key]
return key, value
def clear(self):
try:
while True:
self.popitem()
except KeyError:
pass
def update(self, other=(), **kwds):
if isinstance(other, Mapping):
for key in other:
self[key] = other[key]
elif hasattr(other, "keys"):
for key in other.keys():
self[key] = other[key]
else:
for key, value in other:
self[key] = value
for key, value in kwds.items():
self[key] = value
MutableMapping.register(dict)
### SEQUENCES ###
class Sequence(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""All the operations on a read-only sequence.
Concrete subclasses must override __new__ or __init__,
__getitem__, and __len__.
"""
@abstractmethod
def __getitem__(self, index):
raise IndexError
@abstractmethod
def __len__(self):
return 0
def __iter__(self):
i = 0
while True:
try:
v = self[i]
except IndexError:
break
yield v
i += 1
def __contains__(self, value):
for v in self:
if v == value:
return True
return False
def __reversed__(self):
for i in reversed(range(len(self))):
yield self[i]
def index(self, value):
for i, v in enumerate(self):
if v == value:
return i
raise ValueError
def count(self, value):
return sum(1 for v in self if v == value)
Sequence.register(tuple)
Sequence.register(str)
class ByteString(Sequence):
"""This unifies bytes and bytearray.
XXX Should add all their methods.
"""
ByteString.register(bytes)
ByteString.register(bytearray)
class MutableSequence(Sequence):
@abstractmethod
def __setitem__(self, index, value):
raise IndexError
@abstractmethod
def __delitem__(self, index):
raise IndexError
@abstractmethod
def insert(self, index, value):
raise IndexError
def append(self, value):
self.insert(len(self), value)
def reverse(self):
n = len(self)
for i in range(n//2):
self[i], self[n-i-1] = self[n-i-1], self[i]
def extend(self, values):
for v in values:
self.append(v)
def pop(self, index=-1):
v = self[index]
del self[index]
return v
def remove(self, value):
del self[self.index(value)]
def __iadd__(self, values):
self.extend(values)
MutableSequence.register(list)
MutableSequence.register(bytearray) # Multiply inheriting, see ByteString