bpo-40792: Make the result of PyNumber_Index() always having exact type int. (GH-20443)

Previously, the result could have been an instance of a subclass of int.

Also revert bpo-26202 and make attributes start, stop and step of the range
object having exact type int.

Add private function _PyNumber_Index() which preserves the old behavior
of PyNumber_Index() for performance to use it in the conversion functions
like PyLong_AsLong().
diff --git a/Objects/clinic/bytearrayobject.c.h b/Objects/clinic/bytearrayobject.c.h
index 83b0d03..cbe6f20 100644
--- a/Objects/clinic/bytearrayobject.c.h
+++ b/Objects/clinic/bytearrayobject.c.h
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[2]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[2]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -1051,4 +1051,4 @@
 {
     return bytearray_sizeof_impl(self);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=920748990279fb9d input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0cd59180c7d5dce5 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Objects/clinic/bytesobject.c.h b/Objects/clinic/bytesobject.c.h
index c4a2d0c..201627e 100644
--- a/Objects/clinic/bytesobject.c.h
+++ b/Objects/clinic/bytesobject.c.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[2]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[2]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -809,4 +809,4 @@
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=a0c31faea2671a8c input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=dc1bc13e6990e452 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Objects/clinic/listobject.c.h b/Objects/clinic/listobject.c.h
index 82884a4..01e31d7 100644
--- a/Objects/clinic/listobject.c.h
+++ b/Objects/clinic/listobject.c.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -352,4 +352,4 @@
 {
     return list___reversed___impl(self);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=137db7b11196b581 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0063aad535edf62d input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Objects/clinic/longobject.c.h b/Objects/clinic/longobject.c.h
index d3d5c19..7db8965 100644
--- a/Objects/clinic/longobject.c.h
+++ b/Objects/clinic/longobject.c.h
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -308,4 +308,4 @@
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=46d40c8aa6d420b7 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=63b8274fc784d617 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Objects/clinic/unicodeobject.c.h b/Objects/clinic/unicodeobject.c.h
index 2d81730..ecd409e 100644
--- a/Objects/clinic/unicodeobject.c.h
+++ b/Objects/clinic/unicodeobject.c.h
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[2]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[2]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@
     }
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@
 
     {
         Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
-        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(arg);
+        PyObject *iobj = _PyNumber_Index(arg);
         if (iobj != NULL) {
             ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
             Py_DECREF(iobj);
@@ -1258,4 +1258,4 @@
 {
     return unicode_sizeof_impl(self);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ea1aff10c743be14 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=c5eb21e314da78b8 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/