# xml.etree test.  This file contains enough tests to make sure that
# all included components work as they should.
# Large parts are extracted from the upstream test suite.

# IMPORTANT: the same doctests are run from "test_xml_etree_c" in
# order to ensure consistency between the C implementation and the
# Python implementation.
#
# For this purpose, the module-level "ET" symbol is temporarily
# monkey-patched when running the "test_xml_etree_c" test suite.
# Don't re-import "xml.etree.ElementTree" module in the docstring,
# except if the test is specific to the Python implementation.

import sys
import html
import unittest

from test import support
from test.support import findfile

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

SIMPLE_XMLFILE = findfile("simple.xml", subdir="xmltestdata")
try:
    SIMPLE_XMLFILE.encode("utf-8")
except UnicodeEncodeError:
    raise unittest.SkipTest("filename is not encodable to utf8")
SIMPLE_NS_XMLFILE = findfile("simple-ns.xml", subdir="xmltestdata")

SAMPLE_XML = """\
<body>
  <tag class='a'>text</tag>
  <tag class='b' />
  <section>
    <tag class='b' id='inner'>subtext</tag>
  </section>
</body>
"""

SAMPLE_SECTION = """\
<section>
  <tag class='b' id='inner'>subtext</tag>
  <nexttag />
  <nextsection>
    <tag />
  </nextsection>
</section>
"""

SAMPLE_XML_NS = """
<body xmlns="http://effbot.org/ns">
  <tag>text</tag>
  <tag />
  <section>
    <tag>subtext</tag>
  </section>
</body>
"""


def sanity():
    """
    Import sanity.

    >>> from xml.etree import ElementTree
    >>> from xml.etree import ElementInclude
    >>> from xml.etree import ElementPath
    """

def check_method(method):
    if not hasattr(method, '__call__'):
        print(method, "not callable")

def serialize(elem, to_string=True, encoding='unicode', **options):
    import io
    if encoding != 'unicode':
        file = io.BytesIO()
    else:
        file = io.StringIO()
    tree = ET.ElementTree(elem)
    tree.write(file, encoding=encoding, **options)
    if to_string:
        return file.getvalue()
    else:
        file.seek(0)
        return file

def summarize(elem):
    if elem.tag == ET.Comment:
        return "<Comment>"
    return elem.tag

def summarize_list(seq):
    return [summarize(elem) for elem in seq]

def normalize_crlf(tree):
    for elem in tree.iter():
        if elem.text:
            elem.text = elem.text.replace("\r\n", "\n")
        if elem.tail:
            elem.tail = elem.tail.replace("\r\n", "\n")

def normalize_exception(func, *args, **kwargs):
    # Ignore the exception __module__
    try:
        func(*args, **kwargs)
    except Exception as err:
        print("Traceback (most recent call last):")
        print("{}: {}".format(err.__class__.__name__, err))

def check_string(string):
    len(string)
    for char in string:
        if len(char) != 1:
            print("expected one-character string, got %r" % char)
    new_string = string + ""
    new_string = string + " "
    string[:0]

def check_mapping(mapping):
    len(mapping)
    keys = mapping.keys()
    items = mapping.items()
    for key in keys:
        item = mapping[key]
    mapping["key"] = "value"
    if mapping["key"] != "value":
        print("expected value string, got %r" % mapping["key"])

def check_element(element):
    if not ET.iselement(element):
        print("not an element")
    if not hasattr(element, "tag"):
        print("no tag member")
    if not hasattr(element, "attrib"):
        print("no attrib member")
    if not hasattr(element, "text"):
        print("no text member")
    if not hasattr(element, "tail"):
        print("no tail member")

    check_string(element.tag)
    check_mapping(element.attrib)
    if element.text is not None:
        check_string(element.text)
    if element.tail is not None:
        check_string(element.tail)
    for elem in element:
        check_element(elem)

# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# element tree tests

def interface():
    """
    Test element tree interface.

    >>> element = ET.Element("tag")
    >>> check_element(element)
    >>> tree = ET.ElementTree(element)
    >>> check_element(tree.getroot())

    >>> element = ET.Element("t\\xe4g", key="value")
    >>> tree = ET.ElementTree(element)
    >>> repr(element)   # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
    "<Element 't\\xe4g' at 0x...>"
    >>> element = ET.Element("tag", key="value")

    Make sure all standard element methods exist.

    >>> check_method(element.append)
    >>> check_method(element.extend)
    >>> check_method(element.insert)
    >>> check_method(element.remove)
    >>> check_method(element.getchildren)
    >>> check_method(element.find)
    >>> check_method(element.iterfind)
    >>> check_method(element.findall)
    >>> check_method(element.findtext)
    >>> check_method(element.clear)
    >>> check_method(element.get)
    >>> check_method(element.set)
    >>> check_method(element.keys)
    >>> check_method(element.items)
    >>> check_method(element.iter)
    >>> check_method(element.itertext)
    >>> check_method(element.getiterator)

    These methods return an iterable. See bug 6472.

    >>> check_method(element.iter("tag").__next__)
    >>> check_method(element.iterfind("tag").__next__)
    >>> check_method(element.iterfind("*").__next__)
    >>> check_method(tree.iter("tag").__next__)
    >>> check_method(tree.iterfind("tag").__next__)
    >>> check_method(tree.iterfind("*").__next__)

    These aliases are provided:

    >>> assert ET.XML == ET.fromstring
    >>> assert ET.PI == ET.ProcessingInstruction
    >>> assert ET.XMLParser == ET.XMLTreeBuilder
    """

def simpleops():
    """
    Basic method sanity checks.

    >>> elem = ET.XML("<body><tag/></body>")
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<body><tag /></body>'
    >>> e = ET.Element("tag2")
    >>> elem.append(e)
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<body><tag /><tag2 /></body>'
    >>> elem.remove(e)
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<body><tag /></body>'
    >>> elem.insert(0, e)
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<body><tag2 /><tag /></body>'
    >>> elem.remove(e)
    >>> elem.extend([e])
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<body><tag /><tag2 /></body>'
    >>> elem.remove(e)

    >>> element = ET.Element("tag", key="value")
    >>> serialize(element) # 1
    '<tag key="value" />'
    >>> subelement = ET.Element("subtag")
    >>> element.append(subelement)
    >>> serialize(element) # 2
    '<tag key="value"><subtag /></tag>'
    >>> element.insert(0, subelement)
    >>> serialize(element) # 3
    '<tag key="value"><subtag /><subtag /></tag>'
    >>> element.remove(subelement)
    >>> serialize(element) # 4
    '<tag key="value"><subtag /></tag>'
    >>> element.remove(subelement)
    >>> serialize(element) # 5
    '<tag key="value" />'
    >>> element.remove(subelement)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
    >>> serialize(element) # 6
    '<tag key="value" />'
    >>> element[0:0] = [subelement, subelement, subelement]
    >>> serialize(element[1])
    '<subtag />'
    >>> element[1:9] == [element[1], element[2]]
    True
    >>> element[:9:2] == [element[0], element[2]]
    True
    >>> del element[1:2]
    >>> serialize(element)
    '<tag key="value"><subtag /><subtag /></tag>'
    """

def cdata():
    """
    Test CDATA handling (etc).

    >>> serialize(ET.XML("<tag>hello</tag>"))
    '<tag>hello</tag>'
    >>> serialize(ET.XML("<tag>&#104;&#101;&#108;&#108;&#111;</tag>"))
    '<tag>hello</tag>'
    >>> serialize(ET.XML("<tag><![CDATA[hello]]></tag>"))
    '<tag>hello</tag>'
    """

# Only with Python implementation
def simplefind():
    """
    Test find methods using the elementpath fallback.

    >>> from xml.etree import ElementTree

    >>> CurrentElementPath = ElementTree.ElementPath
    >>> ElementTree.ElementPath = ElementTree._SimpleElementPath()
    >>> elem = ElementTree.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
    >>> elem.find("tag").tag
    'tag'
    >>> ElementTree.ElementTree(elem).find("tag").tag
    'tag'
    >>> elem.findtext("tag")
    'text'
    >>> elem.findtext("tog")
    >>> elem.findtext("tog", "default")
    'default'
    >>> ElementTree.ElementTree(elem).findtext("tag")
    'text'
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag', 'tag']

    Path syntax doesn't work in this case.

    >>> elem.find("section/tag")
    >>> elem.findtext("section/tag")
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section/tag"))
    []

    >>> ElementTree.ElementPath = CurrentElementPath
    """

def find():
    """
    Test find methods (including xpath syntax).

    >>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
    >>> elem.find("tag").tag
    'tag'
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("tag").tag
    'tag'
    >>> elem.find("section/tag").tag
    'tag'
    >>> elem.find("./tag").tag
    'tag'
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("./tag").tag
    'tag'
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("/tag").tag
    'tag'
    >>> elem[2] = ET.XML(SAMPLE_SECTION)
    >>> elem.find("section/nexttag").tag
    'nexttag'
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("section/tag").tag
    'tag'
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("tog")
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("tog/foo")
    >>> elem.findtext("tag")
    'text'
    >>> elem.findtext("section/nexttag")
    ''
    >>> elem.findtext("section/nexttag", "default")
    ''
    >>> elem.findtext("tog")
    >>> elem.findtext("tog", "default")
    'default'
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("tag")
    'text'
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("tog/foo")
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("tog/foo", "default")
    'default'
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("./tag")
    'text'
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("/tag")
    'text'
    >>> elem.findtext("section/tag")
    'subtext'
    >>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("section/tag")
    'subtext'
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("."))
    ['body']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("tog"))
    []
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("tog/foo"))
    []
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("*"))
    ['tag', 'tag', 'section']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag', 'tag', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section/tag"))
    ['tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section//tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section/*"))
    ['tag', 'nexttag', 'nextsection']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section//*"))
    ['tag', 'nexttag', 'nextsection', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section/.//*"))
    ['tag', 'nexttag', 'nextsection', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("*/*"))
    ['tag', 'nexttag', 'nextsection']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("*//*"))
    ['tag', 'nexttag', 'nextsection', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("*/tag"))
    ['tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("*/./tag"))
    ['tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("./tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag', 'tag', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("././tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag[@class]"))
    ['tag', 'tag', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag[@class='a']"))
    ['tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag[@class='b']"))
    ['tag', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag[@id]"))
    ['tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//section[tag]"))
    ['section']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//section[element]"))
    []
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("../tag"))
    []
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section/../tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag']
    >>> summarize_list(ET.ElementTree(elem).findall("./tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag']

    Following example is invalid in 1.2.
    A leading '*' is assumed in 1.3.

    >>> elem.findall("section//") == elem.findall("section//*")
    True

    ET's Path module handles this case incorrectly; this gives
    a warning in 1.3, and the behaviour will be modified in 1.4.

    >>> summarize_list(ET.ElementTree(elem).findall("/tag"))
    ['tag', 'tag']

    >>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML_NS)
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("tag"))
    []
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall("{http://effbot.org/ns}tag"))
    ['{http://effbot.org/ns}tag', '{http://effbot.org/ns}tag']
    >>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//{http://effbot.org/ns}tag"))
    ['{http://effbot.org/ns}tag', '{http://effbot.org/ns}tag', '{http://effbot.org/ns}tag']
    """

def file_init():
    """
    >>> import io

    >>> stringfile = io.BytesIO(SAMPLE_XML.encode("utf-8"))
    >>> tree = ET.ElementTree(file=stringfile)
    >>> tree.find("tag").tag
    'tag'
    >>> tree.find("section/tag").tag
    'tag'

    >>> tree = ET.ElementTree(file=SIMPLE_XMLFILE)
    >>> tree.find("element").tag
    'element'
    >>> tree.find("element/../empty-element").tag
    'empty-element'
    """

def bad_find():
    """
    Check bad or unsupported path expressions.

    >>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
    >>> elem.findall("/tag")
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot use absolute path on element
    """

def path_cache():
    """
    Check that the path cache behaves sanely.

    >>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
    >>> for i in range(10): ET.ElementTree(elem).find('./'+str(i))
    >>> cache_len_10 = len(ET.ElementPath._cache)
    >>> for i in range(10): ET.ElementTree(elem).find('./'+str(i))
    >>> len(ET.ElementPath._cache) == cache_len_10
    True
    >>> for i in range(20): ET.ElementTree(elem).find('./'+str(i))
    >>> len(ET.ElementPath._cache) > cache_len_10
    True
    >>> for i in range(600): ET.ElementTree(elem).find('./'+str(i))
    >>> len(ET.ElementPath._cache) < 500
    True
    """

def copy():
    """
    Test copy handling (etc).

    >>> import copy
    >>> e1 = ET.XML("<tag>hello<foo/></tag>")
    >>> e2 = copy.copy(e1)
    >>> e3 = copy.deepcopy(e1)
    >>> e1.find("foo").tag = "bar"
    >>> serialize(e1)
    '<tag>hello<bar /></tag>'
    >>> serialize(e2)
    '<tag>hello<bar /></tag>'
    >>> serialize(e3)
    '<tag>hello<foo /></tag>'

    """

def attrib():
    """
    Test attribute handling.

    >>> elem = ET.Element("tag")
    >>> elem.get("key") # 1.1
    >>> elem.get("key", "default") # 1.2
    'default'
    >>> elem.set("key", "value")
    >>> elem.get("key") # 1.3
    'value'

    >>> elem = ET.Element("tag", key="value")
    >>> elem.get("key") # 2.1
    'value'
    >>> elem.attrib # 2.2
    {'key': 'value'}

    >>> attrib = {"key": "value"}
    >>> elem = ET.Element("tag", attrib)
    >>> attrib.clear() # check for aliasing issues
    >>> elem.get("key") # 3.1
    'value'
    >>> elem.attrib # 3.2
    {'key': 'value'}

    >>> attrib = {"key": "value"}
    >>> elem = ET.Element("tag", **attrib)
    >>> attrib.clear() # check for aliasing issues
    >>> elem.get("key") # 4.1
    'value'
    >>> elem.attrib # 4.2
    {'key': 'value'}

    >>> elem = ET.Element("tag", {"key": "other"}, key="value")
    >>> elem.get("key") # 5.1
    'value'
    >>> elem.attrib # 5.2
    {'key': 'value'}

    >>> elem = ET.Element('test')
    >>> elem.text = "aa"
    >>> elem.set('testa', 'testval')
    >>> elem.set('testb', 'test2')
    >>> ET.tostring(elem)
    b'<test testa="testval" testb="test2">aa</test>'
    >>> sorted(elem.keys())
    ['testa', 'testb']
    >>> sorted(elem.items())
    [('testa', 'testval'), ('testb', 'test2')]
    >>> elem.attrib['testb']
    'test2'
    >>> elem.attrib['testb'] = 'test1'
    >>> elem.attrib['testc'] = 'test2'
    >>> ET.tostring(elem)
    b'<test testa="testval" testb="test1" testc="test2">aa</test>'
    """

def makeelement():
    """
    Test makeelement handling.

    >>> elem = ET.Element("tag")
    >>> attrib = {"key": "value"}
    >>> subelem = elem.makeelement("subtag", attrib)
    >>> if subelem.attrib is attrib:
    ...     print("attrib aliasing")
    >>> elem.append(subelem)
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag><subtag key="value" /></tag>'

    >>> elem.clear()
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag />'
    >>> elem.append(subelem)
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag><subtag key="value" /></tag>'
    >>> elem.extend([subelem, subelem])
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag><subtag key="value" /><subtag key="value" /><subtag key="value" /></tag>'
    >>> elem[:] = [subelem]
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag><subtag key="value" /></tag>'
    >>> elem[:] = tuple([subelem])
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag><subtag key="value" /></tag>'

    """

def parsefile():
    """
    Test parsing from file.

    >>> tree = ET.parse(SIMPLE_XMLFILE)
    >>> normalize_crlf(tree)
    >>> tree.write(sys.stdout, encoding='unicode')
    <root>
       <element key="value">text</element>
       <element>text</element>tail
       <empty-element />
    </root>
    >>> tree = ET.parse(SIMPLE_NS_XMLFILE)
    >>> normalize_crlf(tree)
    >>> tree.write(sys.stdout, encoding='unicode')
    <ns0:root xmlns:ns0="namespace">
       <ns0:element key="value">text</ns0:element>
       <ns0:element>text</ns0:element>tail
       <ns0:empty-element />
    </ns0:root>

    >>> with open(SIMPLE_XMLFILE) as f:
    ...     data = f.read()

    >>> parser = ET.XMLParser()
    >>> parser.version  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
    'Expat ...'
    >>> parser.feed(data)
    >>> print(serialize(parser.close()))
    <root>
       <element key="value">text</element>
       <element>text</element>tail
       <empty-element />
    </root>

    >>> parser = ET.XMLTreeBuilder() # 1.2 compatibility
    >>> parser.feed(data)
    >>> print(serialize(parser.close()))
    <root>
       <element key="value">text</element>
       <element>text</element>tail
       <empty-element />
    </root>

    >>> target = ET.TreeBuilder()
    >>> parser = ET.XMLParser(target=target)
    >>> parser.feed(data)
    >>> print(serialize(parser.close()))
    <root>
       <element key="value">text</element>
       <element>text</element>tail
       <empty-element />
    </root>
    """

def parseliteral():
    """
    >>> element = ET.XML("<html><body>text</body></html>")
    >>> ET.ElementTree(element).write(sys.stdout, encoding='unicode')
    <html><body>text</body></html>
    >>> element = ET.fromstring("<html><body>text</body></html>")
    >>> ET.ElementTree(element).write(sys.stdout, encoding='unicode')
    <html><body>text</body></html>
    >>> sequence = ["<html><body>", "text</bo", "dy></html>"]
    >>> element = ET.fromstringlist(sequence)
    >>> ET.tostring(element)
    b'<html><body>text</body></html>'
    >>> b"".join(ET.tostringlist(element))
    b'<html><body>text</body></html>'
    >>> ET.tostring(element, "ascii")
    b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ascii'?>\\n<html><body>text</body></html>"
    >>> _, ids = ET.XMLID("<html><body>text</body></html>")
    >>> len(ids)
    0
    >>> _, ids = ET.XMLID("<html><body id='body'>text</body></html>")
    >>> len(ids)
    1
    >>> ids["body"].tag
    'body'
    """

def iterparse():
    """
    Test iterparse interface.

    >>> iterparse = ET.iterparse

    >>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_XMLFILE)
    >>> action, elem = next(context)
    >>> print(action, elem.tag)
    end element
    >>> for action, elem in context:
    ...   print(action, elem.tag)
    end element
    end empty-element
    end root
    >>> context.root.tag
    'root'

    >>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_NS_XMLFILE)
    >>> for action, elem in context:
    ...   print(action, elem.tag)
    end {namespace}element
    end {namespace}element
    end {namespace}empty-element
    end {namespace}root

    >>> events = ()
    >>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, events)
    >>> for action, elem in context:
    ...   print(action, elem.tag)

    >>> events = ()
    >>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, events=events)
    >>> for action, elem in context:
    ...   print(action, elem.tag)

    >>> events = ("start", "end")
    >>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, events)
    >>> for action, elem in context:
    ...   print(action, elem.tag)
    start root
    start element
    end element
    start element
    end element
    start empty-element
    end empty-element
    end root

    >>> events = ("start", "end", "start-ns", "end-ns")
    >>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_NS_XMLFILE, events)
    >>> for action, elem in context:
    ...   if action in ("start", "end"):
    ...     print(action, elem.tag)
    ...   else:
    ...     print(action, elem)
    start-ns ('', 'namespace')
    start {namespace}root
    start {namespace}element
    end {namespace}element
    start {namespace}element
    end {namespace}element
    start {namespace}empty-element
    end {namespace}empty-element
    end {namespace}root
    end-ns None

    >>> events = ("start", "end", "bogus")
    >>> with open(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, "rb") as f:
    ...     iterparse(f, events)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ValueError: unknown event 'bogus'

    >>> import io

    >>> source = io.BytesIO(
    ...     b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>\\n"
    ...     b"<body xmlns='http://&#233;ffbot.org/ns'\\n"
    ...     b"      xmlns:cl\\xe9='http://effbot.org/ns'>text</body>\\n")
    >>> events = ("start-ns",)
    >>> context = iterparse(source, events)
    >>> for action, elem in context:
    ...     print(action, elem)
    start-ns ('', 'http://\\xe9ffbot.org/ns')
    start-ns ('cl\\xe9', 'http://effbot.org/ns')

    >>> source = io.StringIO("<document />junk")
    >>> try:
    ...   for action, elem in iterparse(source):
    ...     print(action, elem.tag)
    ... except ET.ParseError as v:
    ...   print(v)
    junk after document element: line 1, column 12
    """

def writefile():
    """
    >>> elem = ET.Element("tag")
    >>> elem.text = "text"
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag>text</tag>'
    >>> ET.SubElement(elem, "subtag").text = "subtext"
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag>text<subtag>subtext</subtag></tag>'

    Test tag suppression
    >>> elem.tag = None
    >>> serialize(elem)
    'text<subtag>subtext</subtag>'
    >>> elem.insert(0, ET.Comment("comment"))
    >>> serialize(elem)     # assumes 1.3
    'text<!--comment--><subtag>subtext</subtag>'
    >>> elem[0] = ET.PI("key", "value")
    >>> serialize(elem)
    'text<?key value?><subtag>subtext</subtag>'
    """

def custom_builder():
    """
    Test parser w. custom builder.

    >>> with open(SIMPLE_XMLFILE) as f:
    ...     data = f.read()
    >>> class Builder:
    ...     def start(self, tag, attrib):
    ...         print("start", tag)
    ...     def end(self, tag):
    ...         print("end", tag)
    ...     def data(self, text):
    ...         pass
    >>> builder = Builder()
    >>> parser = ET.XMLParser(target=builder)
    >>> parser.feed(data)
    start root
    start element
    end element
    start element
    end element
    start empty-element
    end empty-element
    end root

    >>> with open(SIMPLE_NS_XMLFILE) as f:
    ...     data = f.read()
    >>> class Builder:
    ...     def start(self, tag, attrib):
    ...         print("start", tag)
    ...     def end(self, tag):
    ...         print("end", tag)
    ...     def data(self, text):
    ...         pass
    ...     def pi(self, target, data):
    ...         print("pi", target, repr(data))
    ...     def comment(self, data):
    ...         print("comment", repr(data))
    >>> builder = Builder()
    >>> parser = ET.XMLParser(target=builder)
    >>> parser.feed(data)
    pi pi 'data'
    comment ' comment '
    start {namespace}root
    start {namespace}element
    end {namespace}element
    start {namespace}element
    end {namespace}element
    start {namespace}empty-element
    end {namespace}empty-element
    end {namespace}root

    """

def getchildren():
    """
    Test Element.getchildren()

    >>> with open(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, "rb") as f:
    ...     tree = ET.parse(f)
    >>> for elem in tree.getroot().iter():
    ...     summarize_list(elem.getchildren())
    ['element', 'element', 'empty-element']
    []
    []
    []
    >>> for elem in tree.getiterator():
    ...     summarize_list(elem.getchildren())
    ['element', 'element', 'empty-element']
    []
    []
    []

    >>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
    >>> len(elem.getchildren())
    3
    >>> len(elem[2].getchildren())
    1
    >>> elem[:] == elem.getchildren()
    True
    >>> child1 = elem[0]
    >>> child2 = elem[2]
    >>> del elem[1:2]
    >>> len(elem.getchildren())
    2
    >>> child1 == elem[0]
    True
    >>> child2 == elem[1]
    True
    >>> elem[0:2] = [child2, child1]
    >>> child2 == elem[0]
    True
    >>> child1 == elem[1]
    True
    >>> child1 == elem[0]
    False
    >>> elem.clear()
    >>> elem.getchildren()
    []
    """

def writestring():
    """
    >>> elem = ET.XML("<html><body>text</body></html>")
    >>> ET.tostring(elem)
    b'<html><body>text</body></html>'
    >>> elem = ET.fromstring("<html><body>text</body></html>")
    >>> ET.tostring(elem)
    b'<html><body>text</body></html>'
    """

def check_encoding(encoding):
    """
    >>> check_encoding("ascii")
    >>> check_encoding("us-ascii")
    >>> check_encoding("iso-8859-1")
    >>> check_encoding("iso-8859-15")
    >>> check_encoding("cp437")
    >>> check_encoding("mac-roman")
    """
    ET.XML("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='%s'?><xml />" % encoding)

def encoding():
    r"""
    Test encoding issues.

    >>> elem = ET.Element("tag")
    >>> elem.text = "abc"
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag>abc</tag>'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="utf-8")
    b'<tag>abc</tag>'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="us-ascii")
    b'<tag>abc</tag>'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="iso-8859-1")
    b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>\n<tag>abc</tag>"

    >>> elem.text = "<&\"\'>"
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag>&lt;&amp;"\'&gt;</tag>'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="utf-8")
    b'<tag>&lt;&amp;"\'&gt;</tag>'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="us-ascii") # cdata characters
    b'<tag>&lt;&amp;"\'&gt;</tag>'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="iso-8859-1")
    b'<?xml version=\'1.0\' encoding=\'iso-8859-1\'?>\n<tag>&lt;&amp;"\'&gt;</tag>'

    >>> elem.attrib["key"] = "<&\"\'>"
    >>> elem.text = None
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag key="&lt;&amp;&quot;\'&gt;" />'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="utf-8")
    b'<tag key="&lt;&amp;&quot;\'&gt;" />'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="us-ascii")
    b'<tag key="&lt;&amp;&quot;\'&gt;" />'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="iso-8859-1")
    b'<?xml version=\'1.0\' encoding=\'iso-8859-1\'?>\n<tag key="&lt;&amp;&quot;\'&gt;" />'

    >>> elem.text = '\xe5\xf6\xf6<>'
    >>> elem.attrib.clear()
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag>\xe5\xf6\xf6&lt;&gt;</tag>'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="utf-8")
    b'<tag>\xc3\xa5\xc3\xb6\xc3\xb6&lt;&gt;</tag>'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="us-ascii")
    b'<tag>&#229;&#246;&#246;&lt;&gt;</tag>'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="iso-8859-1")
    b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>\n<tag>\xe5\xf6\xf6&lt;&gt;</tag>"

    >>> elem.attrib["key"] = '\xe5\xf6\xf6<>'
    >>> elem.text = None
    >>> serialize(elem)
    '<tag key="\xe5\xf6\xf6&lt;&gt;" />'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="utf-8")
    b'<tag key="\xc3\xa5\xc3\xb6\xc3\xb6&lt;&gt;" />'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="us-ascii")
    b'<tag key="&#229;&#246;&#246;&lt;&gt;" />'
    >>> serialize(elem, encoding="iso-8859-1")
    b'<?xml version=\'1.0\' encoding=\'iso-8859-1\'?>\n<tag key="\xe5\xf6\xf6&lt;&gt;" />'
    """

def methods():
    r"""
    Test serialization methods.

    >>> e = ET.XML("<html><link/><script>1 &lt; 2</script></html>")
    >>> e.tail = "\n"
    >>> serialize(e)
    '<html><link /><script>1 &lt; 2</script></html>\n'
    >>> serialize(e, method=None)
    '<html><link /><script>1 &lt; 2</script></html>\n'
    >>> serialize(e, method="xml")
    '<html><link /><script>1 &lt; 2</script></html>\n'
    >>> serialize(e, method="html")
    '<html><link><script>1 < 2</script></html>\n'
    >>> serialize(e, method="text")
    '1 < 2\n'
    """

def iterators():
    """
    Test iterators.

    >>> e = ET.XML("<html><body>this is a <i>paragraph</i>.</body>..</html>")
    >>> summarize_list(e.iter())
    ['html', 'body', 'i']
    >>> summarize_list(e.find("body").iter())
    ['body', 'i']
    >>> summarize(next(e.iter()))
    'html'
    >>> "".join(e.itertext())
    'this is a paragraph...'
    >>> "".join(e.find("body").itertext())
    'this is a paragraph.'
    >>> next(e.itertext())
    'this is a '

    Method iterparse should return an iterator. See bug 6472.

    >>> sourcefile = serialize(e, to_string=False)
    >>> next(ET.iterparse(sourcefile))  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
    ('end', <Element 'i' at 0x...>)

    >>> tree = ET.ElementTree(None)
    >>> tree.iter()
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'iter'
    """

ENTITY_XML = """\
<!DOCTYPE points [
<!ENTITY % user-entities SYSTEM 'user-entities.xml'>
%user-entities;
]>
<document>&entity;</document>
"""

def entity():
    """
    Test entity handling.

    1) good entities

    >>> e = ET.XML("<document title='&#x8230;'>test</document>")
    >>> serialize(e, encoding="us-ascii")
    b'<document title="&#33328;">test</document>'
    >>> serialize(e)
    '<document title="\u8230">test</document>'

    2) bad entities

    >>> normalize_exception(ET.XML, "<document>&entity;</document>")
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ParseError: undefined entity: line 1, column 10

    >>> normalize_exception(ET.XML, ENTITY_XML)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ParseError: undefined entity &entity;: line 5, column 10

    3) custom entity

    >>> parser = ET.XMLParser()
    >>> parser.entity["entity"] = "text"
    >>> parser.feed(ENTITY_XML)
    >>> root = parser.close()
    >>> serialize(root)
    '<document>text</document>'
    """

def error(xml):
    """

    Test error handling.

    >>> issubclass(ET.ParseError, SyntaxError)
    True
    >>> error("foo").position
    (1, 0)
    >>> error("<tag>&foo;</tag>").position
    (1, 5)
    >>> error("foobar<").position
    (1, 6)

    """
    try:
        ET.XML(xml)
    except ET.ParseError:
        return sys.exc_info()[1]

def namespace():
    """
    Test namespace issues.

    1) xml namespace

    >>> elem = ET.XML("<tag xml:lang='en' />")
    >>> serialize(elem) # 1.1
    '<tag xml:lang="en" />'

    2) other "well-known" namespaces

    >>> elem = ET.XML("<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' />")
    >>> serialize(elem) # 2.1
    '<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" />'

    >>> elem = ET.XML("<html:html xmlns:html='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' />")
    >>> serialize(elem) # 2.2
    '<html:html xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" />'

    >>> elem = ET.XML("<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope' />")
    >>> serialize(elem) # 2.3
    '<ns0:Envelope xmlns:ns0="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope" />'

    3) unknown namespaces
    >>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML_NS)
    >>> print(serialize(elem))
    <ns0:body xmlns:ns0="http://effbot.org/ns">
      <ns0:tag>text</ns0:tag>
      <ns0:tag />
      <ns0:section>
        <ns0:tag>subtext</ns0:tag>
      </ns0:section>
    </ns0:body>
    """

def qname():
    """
    Test QName handling.

    1) decorated tags

    >>> elem = ET.Element("{uri}tag")
    >>> serialize(elem) # 1.1
    '<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" />'
    >>> elem = ET.Element(ET.QName("{uri}tag"))
    >>> serialize(elem) # 1.2
    '<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" />'
    >>> elem = ET.Element(ET.QName("uri", "tag"))
    >>> serialize(elem) # 1.3
    '<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" />'
    >>> elem = ET.Element(ET.QName("uri", "tag"))
    >>> subelem = ET.SubElement(elem, ET.QName("uri", "tag1"))
    >>> subelem = ET.SubElement(elem, ET.QName("uri", "tag2"))
    >>> serialize(elem) # 1.4
    '<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri"><ns0:tag1 /><ns0:tag2 /></ns0:tag>'

    2) decorated attributes

    >>> elem.clear()
    >>> elem.attrib["{uri}key"] = "value"
    >>> serialize(elem) # 2.1
    '<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" ns0:key="value" />'

    >>> elem.clear()
    >>> elem.attrib[ET.QName("{uri}key")] = "value"
    >>> serialize(elem) # 2.2
    '<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" ns0:key="value" />'

    3) decorated values are not converted by default, but the
       QName wrapper can be used for values

    >>> elem.clear()
    >>> elem.attrib["{uri}key"] = "{uri}value"
    >>> serialize(elem) # 3.1
    '<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" ns0:key="{uri}value" />'

    >>> elem.clear()
    >>> elem.attrib["{uri}key"] = ET.QName("{uri}value")
    >>> serialize(elem) # 3.2
    '<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" ns0:key="ns0:value" />'

    >>> elem.clear()
    >>> subelem = ET.Element("tag")
    >>> subelem.attrib["{uri1}key"] = ET.QName("{uri2}value")
    >>> elem.append(subelem)
    >>> elem.append(subelem)
    >>> serialize(elem) # 3.3
    '<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" xmlns:ns1="uri1" xmlns:ns2="uri2"><tag ns1:key="ns2:value" /><tag ns1:key="ns2:value" /></ns0:tag>'

    4) Direct QName tests

    >>> str(ET.QName('ns', 'tag'))
    '{ns}tag'
    >>> str(ET.QName('{ns}tag'))
    '{ns}tag'
    >>> q1 = ET.QName('ns', 'tag')
    >>> q2 = ET.QName('ns', 'tag')
    >>> q1 == q2
    True
    >>> q2 = ET.QName('ns', 'other-tag')
    >>> q1 == q2
    False
    >>> q1 == 'ns:tag'
    False
    >>> q1 == '{ns}tag'
    True
    """

def doctype_public():
    """
    Test PUBLIC doctype.

    >>> elem = ET.XML('<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC'
    ...   ' "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"'
    ...   ' "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">'
    ...   '<html>text</html>')

    """

def xpath_tokenizer(p):
    """
    Test the XPath tokenizer.

    >>> # tests from the xml specification
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("*")
    ['*']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("text()")
    ['text', '()']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("@name")
    ['@', 'name']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("@*")
    ['@', '*']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("para[1]")
    ['para', '[', '1', ']']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("para[last()]")
    ['para', '[', 'last', '()', ']']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("*/para")
    ['*', '/', 'para']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("/doc/chapter[5]/section[2]")
    ['/', 'doc', '/', 'chapter', '[', '5', ']', '/', 'section', '[', '2', ']']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("chapter//para")
    ['chapter', '//', 'para']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("//para")
    ['//', 'para']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("//olist/item")
    ['//', 'olist', '/', 'item']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer(".")
    ['.']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer(".//para")
    ['.', '//', 'para']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("..")
    ['..']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("../@lang")
    ['..', '/', '@', 'lang']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("chapter[title]")
    ['chapter', '[', 'title', ']']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("employee[@secretary and @assistant]")
    ['employee', '[', '@', 'secretary', '', 'and', '', '@', 'assistant', ']']

    >>> # additional tests
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("{http://spam}egg")
    ['{http://spam}egg']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer("./spam.egg")
    ['.', '/', 'spam.egg']
    >>> xpath_tokenizer(".//{http://spam}egg")
    ['.', '//', '{http://spam}egg']
    """
    from xml.etree import ElementPath
    out = []
    for op, tag in ElementPath.xpath_tokenizer(p):
        out.append(op or tag)
    return out

def processinginstruction():
    """
    Test ProcessingInstruction directly

    >>> ET.tostring(ET.ProcessingInstruction('test', 'instruction'))
    b'<?test instruction?>'
    >>> ET.tostring(ET.PI('test', 'instruction'))
    b'<?test instruction?>'

    Issue #2746

    >>> ET.tostring(ET.PI('test', '<testing&>'))
    b'<?test <testing&>?>'
    >>> ET.tostring(ET.PI('test', '<testing&>\xe3'), 'latin-1')
    b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='latin-1'?>\\n<?test <testing&>\\xe3?>"
    """

#
# xinclude tests (samples from appendix C of the xinclude specification)

XINCLUDE = {}

XINCLUDE["C1.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <p>120 Mz is adequate for an average home user.</p>
  <xi:include href="disclaimer.xml"/>
</document>
"""

XINCLUDE["disclaimer.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<disclaimer>
  <p>The opinions represented herein represent those of the individual
  and should not be interpreted as official policy endorsed by this
  organization.</p>
</disclaimer>
"""

XINCLUDE["C2.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <p>This document has been accessed
  <xi:include href="count.txt" parse="text"/> times.</p>
</document>
"""

XINCLUDE["count.txt"] = "324387"

XINCLUDE["C2b.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <p>This document has been <em>accessed</em>
  <xi:include href="count.txt" parse="text"/> times.</p>
</document>
"""

XINCLUDE["C3.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <p>The following is the source of the "data.xml" resource:</p>
  <example><xi:include href="data.xml" parse="text"/></example>
</document>
"""

XINCLUDE["data.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<data>
  <item><![CDATA[Brooks & Shields]]></item>
</data>
"""

XINCLUDE["C5.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<div xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <xi:include href="example.txt" parse="text">
    <xi:fallback>
      <xi:include href="fallback-example.txt" parse="text">
        <xi:fallback><a href="mailto:bob@example.org">Report error</a></xi:fallback>
      </xi:include>
    </xi:fallback>
  </xi:include>
</div>
"""

XINCLUDE["default.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <p>Example.</p>
  <xi:include href="{}"/>
</document>
""".format(html.escape(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, True))

def xinclude_loader(href, parse="xml", encoding=None):
    try:
        data = XINCLUDE[href]
    except KeyError:
        raise IOError("resource not found")
    if parse == "xml":
        from xml.etree.ElementTree import XML
        return XML(data)
    return data

def xinclude():
    r"""
    Basic inclusion example (XInclude C.1)

    >>> from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
    >>> from xml.etree import ElementInclude

    >>> document = xinclude_loader("C1.xml")
    >>> ElementInclude.include(document, xinclude_loader)
    >>> print(serialize(document)) # C1
    <document>
      <p>120 Mz is adequate for an average home user.</p>
      <disclaimer>
      <p>The opinions represented herein represent those of the individual
      and should not be interpreted as official policy endorsed by this
      organization.</p>
    </disclaimer>
    </document>

    Textual inclusion example (XInclude C.2)

    >>> document = xinclude_loader("C2.xml")
    >>> ElementInclude.include(document, xinclude_loader)
    >>> print(serialize(document)) # C2
    <document>
      <p>This document has been accessed
      324387 times.</p>
    </document>

    Textual inclusion after sibling element (based on modified XInclude C.2)

    >>> document = xinclude_loader("C2b.xml")
    >>> ElementInclude.include(document, xinclude_loader)
    >>> print(serialize(document)) # C2b
    <document>
      <p>This document has been <em>accessed</em>
      324387 times.</p>
    </document>

    Textual inclusion of XML example (XInclude C.3)

    >>> document = xinclude_loader("C3.xml")
    >>> ElementInclude.include(document, xinclude_loader)
    >>> print(serialize(document)) # C3
    <document>
      <p>The following is the source of the "data.xml" resource:</p>
      <example>&lt;?xml version='1.0'?&gt;
    &lt;data&gt;
      &lt;item&gt;&lt;![CDATA[Brooks &amp; Shields]]&gt;&lt;/item&gt;
    &lt;/data&gt;
    </example>
    </document>

    Fallback example (XInclude C.5)
    Note! Fallback support is not yet implemented

    >>> document = xinclude_loader("C5.xml")
    >>> ElementInclude.include(document, xinclude_loader)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    IOError: resource not found
    >>> # print(serialize(document)) # C5
    """

def xinclude_default():
    """
    >>> from xml.etree import ElementInclude

    >>> document = xinclude_loader("default.xml")
    >>> ElementInclude.include(document)
    >>> print(serialize(document)) # default
    <document>
      <p>Example.</p>
      <root>
       <element key="value">text</element>
       <element>text</element>tail
       <empty-element />
    </root>
    </document>
    """

#
# badly formatted xi:include tags

XINCLUDE_BAD = {}

XINCLUDE_BAD["B1.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
  <p>120 Mz is adequate for an average home user.</p>
  <xi:include href="disclaimer.xml" parse="BAD_TYPE"/>
</document>
"""

XINCLUDE_BAD["B2.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<div xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
    <xi:fallback></xi:fallback>
</div>
"""

def xinclude_failures():
    r"""
    Test failure to locate included XML file.

    >>> from xml.etree import ElementInclude

    >>> def none_loader(href, parser, encoding=None):
    ...     return None

    >>> document = ET.XML(XINCLUDE["C1.xml"])
    >>> ElementInclude.include(document, loader=none_loader)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    xml.etree.ElementInclude.FatalIncludeError: cannot load 'disclaimer.xml' as 'xml'

    Test failure to locate included text file.

    >>> document = ET.XML(XINCLUDE["C2.xml"])
    >>> ElementInclude.include(document, loader=none_loader)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    xml.etree.ElementInclude.FatalIncludeError: cannot load 'count.txt' as 'text'

    Test bad parse type.

    >>> document = ET.XML(XINCLUDE_BAD["B1.xml"])
    >>> ElementInclude.include(document, loader=none_loader)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    xml.etree.ElementInclude.FatalIncludeError: unknown parse type in xi:include tag ('BAD_TYPE')

    Test xi:fallback outside xi:include.

    >>> document = ET.XML(XINCLUDE_BAD["B2.xml"])
    >>> ElementInclude.include(document, loader=none_loader)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    xml.etree.ElementInclude.FatalIncludeError: xi:fallback tag must be child of xi:include ('{http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude}fallback')
    """

# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# reported bugs

def bug_xmltoolkit21():
    """

    marshaller gives obscure errors for non-string values

    >>> elem = ET.Element(123)
    >>> serialize(elem) # tag
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    TypeError: cannot serialize 123 (type int)
    >>> elem = ET.Element("elem")
    >>> elem.text = 123
    >>> serialize(elem) # text
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    TypeError: cannot serialize 123 (type int)
    >>> elem = ET.Element("elem")
    >>> elem.tail = 123
    >>> serialize(elem) # tail
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    TypeError: cannot serialize 123 (type int)
    >>> elem = ET.Element("elem")
    >>> elem.set(123, "123")
    >>> serialize(elem) # attribute key
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    TypeError: cannot serialize 123 (type int)
    >>> elem = ET.Element("elem")
    >>> elem.set("123", 123)
    >>> serialize(elem) # attribute value
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    TypeError: cannot serialize 123 (type int)

    """

def bug_xmltoolkit25():
    """

    typo in ElementTree.findtext

    >>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
    >>> tree = ET.ElementTree(elem)
    >>> tree.findtext("tag")
    'text'
    >>> tree.findtext("section/tag")
    'subtext'

    """

def bug_xmltoolkit28():
    """

    .//tag causes exceptions

    >>> tree = ET.XML("<doc><table><tbody/></table></doc>")
    >>> summarize_list(tree.findall(".//thead"))
    []
    >>> summarize_list(tree.findall(".//tbody"))
    ['tbody']

    """

def bug_xmltoolkitX1():
    """

    dump() doesn't flush the output buffer

    >>> tree = ET.XML("<doc><table><tbody/></table></doc>")
    >>> ET.dump(tree); print("tail")
    <doc><table><tbody /></table></doc>
    tail

    """

def bug_xmltoolkit39():
    """

    non-ascii element and attribute names doesn't work

    >>> tree = ET.XML(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?><t\\xe4g />")
    >>> ET.tostring(tree, "utf-8")
    b'<t\\xc3\\xa4g />'

    >>> tree = ET.XML(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?><tag \\xe4ttr='v&#228;lue' />")
    >>> tree.attrib
    {'\\xe4ttr': 'v\\xe4lue'}
    >>> ET.tostring(tree, "utf-8")
    b'<tag \\xc3\\xa4ttr="v\\xc3\\xa4lue" />'

    >>> tree = ET.XML(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?><t\\xe4g>text</t\\xe4g>")
    >>> ET.tostring(tree, "utf-8")
    b'<t\\xc3\\xa4g>text</t\\xc3\\xa4g>'

    >>> tree = ET.Element("t\u00e4g")
    >>> ET.tostring(tree, "utf-8")
    b'<t\\xc3\\xa4g />'

    >>> tree = ET.Element("tag")
    >>> tree.set("\u00e4ttr", "v\u00e4lue")
    >>> ET.tostring(tree, "utf-8")
    b'<tag \\xc3\\xa4ttr="v\\xc3\\xa4lue" />'

    """

def bug_xmltoolkit54():
    """

    problems handling internally defined entities

    >>> e = ET.XML("<!DOCTYPE doc [<!ENTITY ldots '&#x8230;'>]><doc>&ldots;</doc>")
    >>> serialize(e, encoding="us-ascii")
    b'<doc>&#33328;</doc>'
    >>> serialize(e)
    '<doc>\u8230</doc>'

    """

def bug_xmltoolkit55():
    """

    make sure we're reporting the first error, not the last

    >>> normalize_exception(ET.XML, b"<!DOCTYPE doc SYSTEM 'doc.dtd'><doc>&ldots;&ndots;&rdots;</doc>")
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ParseError: undefined entity &ldots;: line 1, column 36

    """

class ExceptionFile:
    def read(self, x):
        raise IOError

def xmltoolkit60():
    """

    Handle crash in stream source.
    >>> tree = ET.parse(ExceptionFile())
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    IOError

    """

XMLTOOLKIT62_DOC = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE patent-application-publication SYSTEM "pap-v15-2001-01-31.dtd" []>
<patent-application-publication>
<subdoc-abstract>
<paragraph id="A-0001" lvl="0">A new cultivar of Begonia plant named &lsquo;BCT9801BEG&rsquo;.</paragraph>
</subdoc-abstract>
</patent-application-publication>"""


def xmltoolkit62():
    """

    Don't crash when using custom entities.

    >>> xmltoolkit62()
    'A new cultivar of Begonia plant named \u2018BCT9801BEG\u2019.'

    """
    ENTITIES = {'rsquo': '\u2019', 'lsquo': '\u2018'}
    parser = ET.XMLTreeBuilder()
    parser.entity.update(ENTITIES)
    parser.feed(XMLTOOLKIT62_DOC)
    t = parser.close()
    return t.find('.//paragraph').text

def xmltoolkit63():
    """

    Check reference leak.
    >>> xmltoolkit63()
    >>> count = sys.getrefcount(None)
    >>> for i in range(1000):
    ...     xmltoolkit63()
    >>> sys.getrefcount(None) - count
    0

    """
    tree = ET.TreeBuilder()
    tree.start("tag", {})
    tree.data("text")
    tree.end("tag")

# --------------------------------------------------------------------


def bug_200708_newline():
    r"""

    Preserve newlines in attributes.

    >>> e = ET.Element('SomeTag', text="def _f():\n  return 3\n")
    >>> ET.tostring(e)
    b'<SomeTag text="def _f():&#10;  return 3&#10;" />'
    >>> ET.XML(ET.tostring(e)).get("text")
    'def _f():\n  return 3\n'
    >>> ET.tostring(ET.XML(ET.tostring(e)))
    b'<SomeTag text="def _f():&#10;  return 3&#10;" />'

    """

def bug_200708_close():
    """

    Test default builder.
    >>> parser = ET.XMLParser() # default
    >>> parser.feed("<element>some text</element>")
    >>> summarize(parser.close())
    'element'

    Test custom builder.
    >>> class EchoTarget:
    ...     def close(self):
    ...         return ET.Element("element") # simulate root
    >>> parser = ET.XMLParser(EchoTarget())
    >>> parser.feed("<element>some text</element>")
    >>> summarize(parser.close())
    'element'

    """

def bug_200709_default_namespace():
    """

    >>> e = ET.Element("{default}elem")
    >>> s = ET.SubElement(e, "{default}elem")
    >>> serialize(e, default_namespace="default") # 1
    '<elem xmlns="default"><elem /></elem>'

    >>> e = ET.Element("{default}elem")
    >>> s = ET.SubElement(e, "{default}elem")
    >>> s = ET.SubElement(e, "{not-default}elem")
    >>> serialize(e, default_namespace="default") # 2
    '<elem xmlns="default" xmlns:ns1="not-default"><elem /><ns1:elem /></elem>'

    >>> e = ET.Element("{default}elem")
    >>> s = ET.SubElement(e, "{default}elem")
    >>> s = ET.SubElement(e, "elem") # unprefixed name
    >>> serialize(e, default_namespace="default") # 3
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ValueError: cannot use non-qualified names with default_namespace option

    """

def bug_200709_register_namespace():
    """

    >>> ET.tostring(ET.Element("{http://namespace.invalid/does/not/exist/}title"))
    b'<ns0:title xmlns:ns0="http://namespace.invalid/does/not/exist/" />'
    >>> ET.register_namespace("foo", "http://namespace.invalid/does/not/exist/")
    >>> ET.tostring(ET.Element("{http://namespace.invalid/does/not/exist/}title"))
    b'<foo:title xmlns:foo="http://namespace.invalid/does/not/exist/" />'

    And the Dublin Core namespace is in the default list:

    >>> ET.tostring(ET.Element("{http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/}title"))
    b'<dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" />'

    """

def bug_200709_element_comment():
    """

    Not sure if this can be fixed, really (since the serializer needs
    ET.Comment, not cET.comment).

    >>> a = ET.Element('a')
    >>> a.append(ET.Comment('foo'))
    >>> a[0].tag == ET.Comment
    True

    >>> a = ET.Element('a')
    >>> a.append(ET.PI('foo'))
    >>> a[0].tag == ET.PI
    True

    """

def bug_200709_element_insert():
    """

    >>> a = ET.Element('a')
    >>> b = ET.SubElement(a, 'b')
    >>> c = ET.SubElement(a, 'c')
    >>> d = ET.Element('d')
    >>> a.insert(0, d)
    >>> summarize_list(a)
    ['d', 'b', 'c']
    >>> a.insert(-1, d)
    >>> summarize_list(a)
    ['d', 'b', 'd', 'c']

    """

def bug_200709_iter_comment():
    """

    >>> a = ET.Element('a')
    >>> b = ET.SubElement(a, 'b')
    >>> comment_b = ET.Comment("TEST-b")
    >>> b.append(comment_b)
    >>> summarize_list(a.iter(ET.Comment))
    ['<Comment>']

    """

# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# reported on bugs.python.org

def bug_1534630():
    """

    >>> bob = ET.TreeBuilder()
    >>> e = bob.data("data")
    >>> e = bob.start("tag", {})
    >>> e = bob.end("tag")
    >>> e = bob.close()
    >>> serialize(e)
    '<tag />'

    """

def check_issue6233():
    """

    >>> e = ET.XML(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><body>t\\xc3\\xa3g</body>")
    >>> ET.tostring(e, 'ascii')
    b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ascii'?>\\n<body>t&#227;g</body>"
    >>> e = ET.XML(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?><body>t\\xe3g</body>")
    >>> ET.tostring(e, 'ascii')
    b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ascii'?>\\n<body>t&#227;g</body>"

    """

def check_issue3151():
    """

    >>> e = ET.XML('<prefix:localname xmlns:prefix="${stuff}"/>')
    >>> e.tag
    '{${stuff}}localname'
    >>> t = ET.ElementTree(e)
    >>> ET.tostring(e)
    b'<ns0:localname xmlns:ns0="${stuff}" />'

    """

def check_issue6565():
    """

    >>> elem = ET.XML("<body><tag/></body>")
    >>> summarize_list(elem)
    ['tag']
    >>> newelem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
    >>> elem[:] = newelem[:]
    >>> summarize_list(elem)
    ['tag', 'tag', 'section']

    """

def check_issue10777():
    """
    Registering a namespace twice caused a "dictionary changed size during
    iteration" bug.

    >>> ET.register_namespace('test10777', 'http://myuri/')
    >>> ET.register_namespace('test10777', 'http://myuri/')
    """

# --------------------------------------------------------------------


class CleanContext(object):
    """Provide default namespace mapping and path cache."""
    checkwarnings = None

    def __init__(self, quiet=False):
        if sys.flags.optimize >= 2:
            # under -OO, doctests cannot be run and therefore not all warnings
            # will be emitted
            quiet = True
        deprecations = (
            # Search behaviour is broken if search path starts with "/".
            ("This search is broken in 1.3 and earlier, and will be fixed "
             "in a future version.  If you rely on the current behaviour, "
             "change it to '.+'", FutureWarning),
            # Element.getchildren() and Element.getiterator() are deprecated.
            ("This method will be removed in future versions.  "
             "Use .+ instead.", DeprecationWarning),
            ("This method will be removed in future versions.  "
             "Use .+ instead.", PendingDeprecationWarning),
            # XMLParser.doctype() is deprecated.
            ("This method of XMLParser is deprecated.  Define doctype.. "
             "method on the TreeBuilder target.", DeprecationWarning))
        self.checkwarnings = support.check_warnings(*deprecations, quiet=quiet)

    def __enter__(self):
        from xml.etree import ElementTree
        self._nsmap = ElementTree._namespace_map
        self._path_cache = ElementTree.ElementPath._cache
        # Copy the default namespace mapping
        ElementTree._namespace_map = self._nsmap.copy()
        # Copy the path cache (should be empty)
        ElementTree.ElementPath._cache = self._path_cache.copy()
        self.checkwarnings.__enter__()

    def __exit__(self, *args):
        from xml.etree import ElementTree
        # Restore mapping and path cache
        ElementTree._namespace_map = self._nsmap
        ElementTree.ElementPath._cache = self._path_cache
        self.checkwarnings.__exit__(*args)


def test_main(module_name='xml.etree.ElementTree'):
    from test import test_xml_etree

    use_py_module = (module_name == 'xml.etree.ElementTree')

    # The same doctests are used for both the Python and the C implementations
    assert test_xml_etree.ET.__name__ == module_name

    # XXX the C module should give the same warnings as the Python module
    with CleanContext(quiet=not use_py_module):
        support.run_doctest(test_xml_etree, verbosity=True)

    # The module should not be changed by the tests
    assert test_xml_etree.ET.__name__ == module_name

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_main()