diff --git a/Python/Python-ast.c b/Python/Python-ast.c
index 9e9ba06..12bff58 100644
--- a/Python/Python-ast.c
+++ b/Python/Python-ast.c
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@
         PyObject *s = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (s == NULL) return 1;
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid integer value: %.400s",
-                     PyString_AS_STRING(s));
+                     PyBytes_AS_STRING(s));
         Py_DECREF(s);
         return 1;
     }
@@ -3485,7 +3485,7 @@
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of mod, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of mod, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -4595,7 +4595,7 @@
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of stmt, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of stmt, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5616,7 +5616,7 @@
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of expr, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of expr, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5654,7 +5654,7 @@
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of expr_context, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of expr_context, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5766,7 +5766,7 @@
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of slice, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of slice, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5788,7 +5788,7 @@
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of boolop, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of boolop, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5850,7 +5850,7 @@
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of operator, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of operator, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5880,7 +5880,7 @@
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of unaryop, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of unaryop, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5934,7 +5934,7 @@
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of cmpop, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of cmpop, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -6100,7 +6100,7 @@
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of excepthandler, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of excepthandler, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
diff --git a/Python/ast.c b/Python/ast.c
index 1124a8b..da42a0e 100644
--- a/Python/ast.c
+++ b/Python/ast.c
@@ -2293,10 +2293,10 @@
                     /* length of string plus one for the dot */
                     len += strlen(STR(CHILD(n, i))) + 1;
                 len--; /* the last name doesn't have a dot */
-                str = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
+                str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
                 if (!str)
                     return NULL;
-                s = PyString_AS_STRING(str);
+                s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(str);
                 if (!s)
                     return NULL;
                 for (i = 0; i < NCH(n); i += 2) {
@@ -2307,8 +2307,8 @@
                 }
                 --s;
                 *s = '\0';
-		uni = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(PyString_AS_STRING(str),
-					   PyString_GET_SIZE(str), 
+		uni = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(PyBytes_AS_STRING(str),
+					   PyBytes_GET_SIZE(str), 
 					   NULL);
 		Py_DECREF(str);
 		if (!uni)
@@ -3146,10 +3146,10 @@
         u = NULL;
     } else {
         /* "\XX" may become "\u005c\uHHLL" (12 bytes) */
-        u = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, len * 4);
+        u = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, len * 4);
         if (u == NULL)
             return NULL;
-        p = buf = PyString_AsString(u);
+        p = buf = PyBytes_AsString(u);
         end = s + len;
         while (s < end) {
             if (*s == '\\') {
@@ -3168,7 +3168,7 @@
                     Py_DECREF(u);
                     return NULL;
                 }
-                r = PyString_AS_STRING(w);
+                r = PyBytes_AS_STRING(w);
                 rn = Py_SIZE(w);
                 assert(rn % 2 == 0);
                 for (i = 0; i < rn; i += 2) {
@@ -3264,14 +3264,14 @@
             Py_DECREF(u);
             return v;
         } else if (*bytesmode) {
-            return PyString_FromStringAndSize(s, len);
+            return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s, len);
         } else if (strcmp(c->c_encoding, "utf-8") == 0) {
             return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(s, len);
 	} else {
             return PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1(s, len, NULL);
         }
     }
-    return PyString_DecodeEscape(s, len, NULL, 1,
+    return PyBytes_DecodeEscape(s, len, NULL, 1,
                                  need_encoding ? c->c_encoding : NULL);
 }
 
@@ -3298,8 +3298,8 @@
                 ast_error(n, "cannot mix bytes and nonbytes literals");
                 goto onError;
             }
-            if (PyString_Check(v) && PyString_Check(s)) {
-                PyString_ConcatAndDel(&v, s);
+            if (PyBytes_Check(v) && PyBytes_Check(s)) {
+                PyBytes_ConcatAndDel(&v, s);
                 if (v == NULL)
                     goto onError;
             }
diff --git a/Python/bltinmodule.c b/Python/bltinmodule.c
index 4ff0823..3dc6a00 100644
--- a/Python/bltinmodule.c
+++ b/Python/bltinmodule.c
@@ -1350,10 +1350,10 @@
 	long ord;
 	Py_ssize_t size;
 
-	if (PyString_Check(obj)) {
-		size = PyString_GET_SIZE(obj);
+	if (PyBytes_Check(obj)) {
+		size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(obj);
 		if (size == 1) {
-			ord = (long)((unsigned char)*PyString_AS_STRING(obj));
+			ord = (long)((unsigned char)*PyBytes_AS_STRING(obj));
 			return PyLong_FromLong(ord);
 		}
 	}
@@ -2267,7 +2267,7 @@
 	SETBUILTIN("bool",		&PyBool_Type);
 	SETBUILTIN("memoryview",        &PyMemoryView_Type);
 	SETBUILTIN("bytearray",		&PyByteArray_Type);
-	SETBUILTIN("bytes",		&PyString_Type);
+	SETBUILTIN("bytes",		&PyBytes_Type);
 	SETBUILTIN("classmethod",	&PyClassMethod_Type);
 #ifndef WITHOUT_COMPLEX
 	SETBUILTIN("complex",		&PyComplex_Type);
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index defd002..3ea9059 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@
 	consts = co->co_consts;
 	fastlocals = f->f_localsplus;
 	freevars = f->f_localsplus + co->co_nlocals;
-	first_instr = (unsigned char*) PyString_AS_STRING(co->co_code);
+	first_instr = (unsigned char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(co->co_code);
 	/* An explanation is in order for the next line.
 
 	   f->f_lasti now refers to the index of the last instruction
diff --git a/Python/codecs.c b/Python/codecs.c
index 554c1d2..33f0733 100644
--- a/Python/codecs.c
+++ b/Python/codecs.c
@@ -354,9 +354,9 @@
             v = NULL;
             goto onError;
         }
-        v = PyString_FromStringAndSize(PyByteArray_AS_STRING(v), Py_SIZE(v));
+        v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(PyByteArray_AS_STRING(v), Py_SIZE(v));
     }
-    else if (PyString_Check(v))
+    else if (PyBytes_Check(v))
         Py_INCREF(v);
     else {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
diff --git a/Python/compile.c b/Python/compile.c
index 6cc5c4a..c8a4f85 100644
--- a/Python/compile.c
+++ b/Python/compile.c
@@ -1225,8 +1225,8 @@
 	    PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
 			  "unknown scope for %.100s in %.100s(%s) in %s\n"
 			  "symbols: %s\nlocals: %s\nglobals: %s\n",
-			  PyString_AS_STRING(name), 
-			  PyString_AS_STRING(c->u->u_name), 
+			  PyBytes_AS_STRING(name), 
+			  PyBytes_AS_STRING(c->u->u_name), 
 			  PyObject_REPR(c->u->u_ste->ste_id),
 			  c->c_filename,
 			  PyObject_REPR(c->u->u_ste->ste_symbols),
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@
 				"lookup %s in %s %d %d\n"
 				"freevars of %s: %s\n",
 				PyObject_REPR(name), 
-				PyString_AS_STRING(c->u->u_name), 
+				PyBytes_AS_STRING(c->u->u_name), 
 				reftype, arg,
 				PyUnicode_AsString(co->co_name),
 				PyObject_REPR(co->co_freevars));
@@ -3068,7 +3068,7 @@
 		return PyObject_IsTrue(e->v.Str.s);
 	case Name_kind:
 		/* optimize away names that can't be reassigned */
-		id = PyString_AS_STRING(
+		id = PyBytes_AS_STRING(
                     _PyUnicode_AsDefaultEncodedString(e->v.Name.id, NULL));
 		if (strcmp(id, "True") == 0) return 1;
 		if (strcmp(id, "False") == 0) return 0;
@@ -3682,10 +3682,10 @@
 {
 	memset(a, 0, sizeof(struct assembler));
 	a->a_lineno = firstlineno;
-	a->a_bytecode = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, DEFAULT_CODE_SIZE);
+	a->a_bytecode = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, DEFAULT_CODE_SIZE);
 	if (!a->a_bytecode)
 		return 0;
-	a->a_lnotab = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, DEFAULT_LNOTAB_SIZE);
+	a->a_lnotab = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, DEFAULT_LNOTAB_SIZE);
 	if (!a->a_lnotab)
 		return 0;
 	a->a_postorder = (basicblock **)PyObject_Malloc(
@@ -3794,17 +3794,17 @@
 	if (d_bytecode > 255) {
 		int j, nbytes, ncodes = d_bytecode / 255;
 		nbytes = a->a_lnotab_off + 2 * ncodes;
-		len = PyString_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
+		len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
 		if (nbytes >= len) {
 			if (len * 2 < nbytes)
 				len = nbytes;
 			else
 				len *= 2;
-			if (_PyString_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len) < 0)
+			if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len) < 0)
 				return 0;
 		}
 		lnotab = (unsigned char *)
-			   PyString_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
+			   PyBytes_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
 		for (j = 0; j < ncodes; j++) {
 			*lnotab++ = 255;
 			*lnotab++ = 0;
@@ -3816,17 +3816,17 @@
 	if (d_lineno > 255) {
 		int j, nbytes, ncodes = d_lineno / 255;
 		nbytes = a->a_lnotab_off + 2 * ncodes;
-		len = PyString_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
+		len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
 		if (nbytes >= len) {
 			if (len * 2 < nbytes)
 				len = nbytes;
 			else
 				len *= 2;
-			if (_PyString_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len) < 0)
+			if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len) < 0)
 				return 0;
 		}
 		lnotab = (unsigned char *)
-			   PyString_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
+			   PyBytes_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
 		*lnotab++ = d_bytecode;
 		*lnotab++ = 255;
 		d_bytecode = 0;
@@ -3838,13 +3838,13 @@
 		a->a_lnotab_off += ncodes * 2;
 	}
 
-	len = PyString_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
+	len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
 	if (a->a_lnotab_off + 2 >= len) {
-		if (_PyString_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len * 2) < 0)
+		if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len * 2) < 0)
 			return 0;
 	}
 	lnotab = (unsigned char *)
-			PyString_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
+			PyBytes_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
 
 	a->a_lnotab_off += 2;
 	if (d_bytecode) {
@@ -3869,7 +3869,7 @@
 assemble_emit(struct assembler *a, struct instr *i)
 {
 	int size, arg = 0, ext = 0;
-	Py_ssize_t len = PyString_GET_SIZE(a->a_bytecode);
+	Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(a->a_bytecode);
 	char *code;
 
 	size = instrsize(i);
@@ -3880,10 +3880,10 @@
 	if (i->i_lineno && !assemble_lnotab(a, i))
 		return 0;
 	if (a->a_offset + size >= len) {
-		if (_PyString_Resize(&a->a_bytecode, len * 2) < 0)
+		if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a->a_bytecode, len * 2) < 0)
 		    return 0;
 	}
-	code = PyString_AS_STRING(a->a_bytecode) + a->a_offset;
+	code = PyBytes_AS_STRING(a->a_bytecode) + a->a_offset;
 	a->a_offset += size;
 	if (size == 6) {
 		assert(i->i_hasarg);
@@ -4177,9 +4177,9 @@
 				goto error;
 	}
 
-	if (_PyString_Resize(&a.a_lnotab, a.a_lnotab_off) < 0)
+	if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a.a_lnotab, a.a_lnotab_off) < 0)
 		goto error;
-	if (_PyString_Resize(&a.a_bytecode, a.a_offset) < 0)
+	if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a.a_bytecode, a.a_offset) < 0)
 		goto error;
 
 	co = makecode(c, &a);
diff --git a/Python/getargs.c b/Python/getargs.c
index 2289bb6..ccd1817 100644
--- a/Python/getargs.c
+++ b/Python/getargs.c
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
 			n++;
 	}
 
-	if (!PySequence_Check(arg) || PyString_Check(arg)) {
+	if (!PySequence_Check(arg) || PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
 		levels[0] = 0;
 		PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, bufsize,
 			      toplevel ? "expected %d arguments, not %.50s" :
@@ -762,8 +762,8 @@
 
 	case 'c': {/* char */
 		char *p = va_arg(*p_va, char *);
-		if (PyString_Check(arg) && PyString_Size(arg) == 1)
-			*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg)[0];
+		if (PyBytes_Check(arg) && PyBytes_Size(arg) == 1)
+			*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg)[0];
 		else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg) &&
 			 PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(arg) == 1 &&
 			 PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(arg)[0] < 256)
@@ -775,8 +775,8 @@
 
 	case 'C': {/* unicode char */
 		int *p = va_arg(*p_va, int *);
-		if (PyString_Check(arg) && PyString_Size(arg) == 1)
-			*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg)[0];
+		if (PyBytes_Check(arg) && PyBytes_Size(arg) == 1)
+			*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg)[0];
 		else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg) &&
 			 PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(arg) == 1)
 			*p = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(arg)[0];
@@ -798,8 +798,8 @@
 				if (uarg == NULL)
 					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
 							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
-				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(uarg));
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(uarg);
+				STORE_SIZE(PyBytes_GET_SIZE(uarg));
 			}
 			else { /* any buffer-like object */
 				/* XXX Really? */
@@ -818,11 +818,11 @@
 				if (uarg == NULL)
 					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
 							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(uarg);
 			}
 			else
 				return converterr("string", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-			if ((Py_ssize_t) strlen(*p) != PyString_GET_SIZE(uarg))
+			if ((Py_ssize_t) strlen(*p) != PyBytes_GET_SIZE(uarg))
 				return converterr("string without null bytes",
 						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
 		}
@@ -857,8 +857,8 @@
 				if (uarg == NULL)
 					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
 							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
-				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(uarg));
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(uarg);
+				STORE_SIZE(PyBytes_GET_SIZE(uarg));
 			}
 			else { /* any buffer-like object */
 				/* XXX Really? */
@@ -875,17 +875,17 @@
 
 			if (arg == Py_None)
 				*p = 0;
-			else if (PyString_Check(arg)) {
+			else if (PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
 				/* Enable null byte check below */
 				uarg = arg;
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg);
 			}
 			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
 				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
 				if (uarg == NULL)
 					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
 							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(uarg);
 			}
 			else
 				return converterr("string or None",
@@ -897,12 +897,12 @@
 					STORE_SIZE(0);
 				}
 				else {
-					STORE_SIZE(PyString_Size(arg));
+					STORE_SIZE(PyBytes_Size(arg));
 				}
 				format++;
 			}
 			else if (*p != NULL && uarg != NULL &&
-				(Py_ssize_t) strlen(*p) != PyString_GET_SIZE(uarg))
+				(Py_ssize_t) strlen(*p) != PyBytes_GET_SIZE(uarg))
 				return converterr(
 					"string without null bytes or None",
 					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@
 
 		/* Encode object */
 		if (!recode_strings &&
-                    (PyString_Check(arg) || PyByteArray_Check(arg))) {
+                    (PyBytes_Check(arg) || PyByteArray_Check(arg))) {
 			s = arg;
 			Py_INCREF(s);
                         if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(s, &ptr, &size) < 0)
@@ -996,14 +996,14 @@
 			if (s == NULL)
 				return converterr("(encoding failed)",
 						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-			if (!PyString_Check(s)) {
+			if (!PyBytes_Check(s)) {
 				Py_DECREF(s);
 				return converterr(
 					"(encoder failed to return bytes)",
 					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
 			}
-			size = PyString_GET_SIZE(s);
-			ptr = PyString_AS_STRING(s);
+			size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(s);
+			ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING(s);
 			if (ptr == NULL)
 				ptr = "";
 		}
@@ -1114,9 +1114,9 @@
 		break;
 	}
 
-	case 'S': { /* PyString object */
+	case 'S': { /* PyBytes object */
 		PyObject **p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
-		if (PyString_Check(arg))
+		if (PyBytes_Check(arg))
 			*p = arg;
 		else
 			return converterr("bytes", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
diff --git a/Python/import.c b/Python/import.c
index 5dabd9f..31e2401 100644
--- a/Python/import.c
+++ b/Python/import.c
@@ -1322,10 +1322,10 @@
 			if (v == NULL)
 				return NULL;
 		}
-		if (!PyString_Check(v))
+		if (!PyBytes_Check(v))
 			continue;
-		base = PyString_AS_STRING(v);
-		size = PyString_GET_SIZE(v);
+		base = PyBytes_AS_STRING(v);
+		size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(v);
 		len = size;
 		if (len + 2 + namelen + MAXSUFFIXSIZE >= buflen) {
 			continue; /* Too long */
@@ -2385,7 +2385,7 @@
 				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Cannot encode path item");
 				return 0;
 			}
-			subname = PyString_AS_STRING(item8);
+			subname = PyBytes_AS_STRING(item8);
 			if (buflen + strlen(subname) >= MAXPATHLEN) {
 				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
 						"Module name too long");
@@ -2691,7 +2691,7 @@
 	buf[2] = (char) ((pyc_magic >> 16) & 0xff);
 	buf[3] = (char) ((pyc_magic >> 24) & 0xff);
 
-	return PyString_FromStringAndSize(buf, 4);
+	return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(buf, 4);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
diff --git a/Python/marshal.c b/Python/marshal.c
index 5672a06..f7eb445 100644
--- a/Python/marshal.c
+++ b/Python/marshal.c
@@ -67,18 +67,18 @@
 	Py_ssize_t size, newsize;
 	if (p->str == NULL)
 		return; /* An error already occurred */
-	size = PyString_Size(p->str);
+	size = PyBytes_Size(p->str);
 	newsize = size + size + 1024;
 	if (newsize > 32*1024*1024) {
 		newsize = size + 1024*1024;
 	}
-	if (_PyString_Resize(&p->str, newsize) != 0) {
+	if (_PyBytes_Resize(&p->str, newsize) != 0) {
 		p->ptr = p->end = NULL;
 	}
 	else {
-		p->ptr = PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)p->str) + size;
+		p->ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING((PyBytesObject *)p->str) + size;
 		p->end =
-			PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)p->str) + newsize;
+			PyBytes_AS_STRING((PyBytesObject *)p->str) + newsize;
 		*p->ptr++ = Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(c, int, char);
 	}
 }
@@ -231,9 +231,9 @@
 		}
 	}
 #endif
-	else if (PyString_CheckExact(v)) {
+	else if (PyBytes_CheckExact(v)) {
 		w_byte(TYPE_STRING, p);
-		n = PyString_GET_SIZE(v);
+		n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(v);
 		if (n > INT_MAX) {
 			/* huge strings are not supported */
 			p->depth--;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
 			return;
 		}
 		w_long((long)n, p);
-		w_string(PyString_AS_STRING(v), (int)n, p);
+		w_string(PyBytes_AS_STRING(v), (int)n, p);
 	}
 	else if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(v)) {
 	        PyObject *utf8;
@@ -252,14 +252,14 @@
 			return;
 		}
 		w_byte(TYPE_UNICODE, p);
-		n = PyString_GET_SIZE(utf8);
+		n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(utf8);
 		if (n > INT_MAX) {
 			p->depth--;
 			p->error = 1;
 			return;
 		}
 		w_long((long)n, p);
-		w_string(PyString_AS_STRING(utf8), (int)n, p);
+		w_string(PyBytes_AS_STRING(utf8), (int)n, p);
 		Py_DECREF(utf8);
 	}
 	else if (PyTuple_CheckExact(v)) {
@@ -686,12 +686,12 @@
 			retval = NULL;
 			break;
 		}
-		v = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, n);
+		v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, n);
 		if (v == NULL) {
 			retval = NULL;
 			break;
 		}
-		if (r_string(PyString_AS_STRING(v), (int)n, p) != n) {
+		if (r_string(PyBytes_AS_STRING(v), (int)n, p) != n) {
 			Py_DECREF(v);
 			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_EOFError,
 					"EOF read where object expected");
@@ -1064,11 +1064,11 @@
 	PyObject *res = NULL;
 
 	wf.fp = NULL;
-	wf.str = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, 50);
+	wf.str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, 50);
 	if (wf.str == NULL)
 		return NULL;
-	wf.ptr = PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)wf.str);
-	wf.end = wf.ptr + PyString_Size(wf.str);
+	wf.ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING((PyBytesObject *)wf.str);
+	wf.end = wf.ptr + PyBytes_Size(wf.str);
 	wf.error = 0;
 	wf.depth = 0;
 	wf.version = version;
@@ -1076,14 +1076,14 @@
 	w_object(x, &wf);
 	Py_XDECREF(wf.strings);
 	if (wf.str != NULL) {
-		char *base = PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)wf.str);
+		char *base = PyBytes_AS_STRING((PyBytesObject *)wf.str);
 		if (wf.ptr - base > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
 			Py_DECREF(wf.str);
 			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
 					"too much marshal data for a string");
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		if (_PyString_Resize(&wf.str, (Py_ssize_t)(wf.ptr - base)) < 0)
+		if (_PyBytes_Resize(&wf.str, (Py_ssize_t)(wf.ptr - base)) < 0)
 			return NULL;
 	}
 	if (wf.error) {
@@ -1132,9 +1132,9 @@
 	if (data == NULL)
 		return NULL;
 	rf.fp = NULL;
-	if (PyString_Check(data)) {
-		rf.ptr = PyString_AS_STRING(data);
-		rf.end = rf.ptr + PyString_GET_SIZE(data);
+	if (PyBytes_Check(data)) {
+		rf.ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING(data);
+		rf.end = rf.ptr + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(data);
 	}
 	else if (PyByteArray_Check(data)) {
 		rf.ptr = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(data);
diff --git a/Python/modsupport.c b/Python/modsupport.c
index 3d90ede..5e43aca 100644
--- a/Python/modsupport.c
+++ b/Python/modsupport.c
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@
 					}
 					n = (Py_ssize_t)m;
 				}
-				v = PyString_FromStringAndSize(str, n);
+				v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(str, n);
 			}
 			return v;
 		}
diff --git a/Python/peephole.c b/Python/peephole.c
index db5ca33..30789e4 100644
--- a/Python/peephole.c
+++ b/Python/peephole.c
@@ -325,15 +325,15 @@
 		goto exitUnchanged;
 
 	/* Bypass optimization when the lineno table is too complex */
-	assert(PyString_Check(lineno_obj));
-	lineno = (unsigned char*)PyString_AS_STRING(lineno_obj);
-	tabsiz = PyString_GET_SIZE(lineno_obj);
+	assert(PyBytes_Check(lineno_obj));
+	lineno = (unsigned char*)PyBytes_AS_STRING(lineno_obj);
+	tabsiz = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(lineno_obj);
 	if (memchr(lineno, 255, tabsiz) != NULL)
 		goto exitUnchanged;
 
 	/* Avoid situations where jump retargeting could overflow */
-	assert(PyString_Check(code));
-	codelen = PyString_GET_SIZE(code);
+	assert(PyBytes_Check(code));
+	codelen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(code);
 	if (codelen > 32700)
 		goto exitUnchanged;
 
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@
 	if (codestr == NULL)
 		goto exitUnchanged;
 	codestr = (unsigned char *)memcpy(codestr, 
-					  PyString_AS_STRING(code), codelen);
+					  PyBytes_AS_STRING(code), codelen);
 
 	/* Verify that RETURN_VALUE terminates the codestring.	This allows
 	   the various transformation patterns to look ahead several
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@
 	}
 	assert(h + nops == codelen);
 
-	code = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)codestr, h);
+	code = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)codestr, h);
 	PyMem_Free(addrmap);
 	PyMem_Free(codestr);
 	PyMem_Free(blocks);
diff --git a/Python/pystrtod.c b/Python/pystrtod.c
index 3f0328e..e7bc22c 100644
--- a/Python/pystrtod.c
+++ b/Python/pystrtod.c
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@
 	/* At this point, p points just past the right-most character we
 	   want to format.  We need to add the grouping string for the
 	   characters between buffer and p. */
-	return _PyString_InsertThousandsGrouping(buffer, len, p,
+	return _PyBytes_InsertThousandsGrouping(buffer, len, p,
 						 buf_size, NULL, 1);
 }
 
diff --git a/Python/pythonrun.c b/Python/pythonrun.c
index 7f6966a..2e93a3a 100644
--- a/Python/pythonrun.c
+++ b/Python/pythonrun.c
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@
 	PyTuple_Fini();
 	PyList_Fini();
 	PySet_Fini();
-	PyString_Fini();
+	PyBytes_Fini();
 	PyByteArray_Fini();
 	PyLong_Fini();
 	PyFloat_Fini();
diff --git a/Python/traceback.c b/Python/traceback.c
index bbc8e16..76e22a1 100644
--- a/Python/traceback.c
+++ b/Python/traceback.c
@@ -161,12 +161,12 @@
 					PyErr_Clear();
 					break;
 				}
-				if (PyString_Check(v)) {
+				if (PyBytes_Check(v)) {
 					size_t len;
-					len = PyString_GET_SIZE(v);
+					len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(v);
 					if (len + 1 + taillen >= MAXPATHLEN)
 						continue; /* Too long */
-					strcpy(namebuf, PyString_AsString(v));
+					strcpy(namebuf, PyBytes_AsString(v));
 					if (strlen(namebuf) != len)
 						continue; /* v contains '\0' */
 					if (len > 0 && namebuf[len-1] != SEP)