diff --git a/Objects/call.c b/Objects/call.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc32090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Objects/call.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1368 @@
+#include "Python.h"
+#include "frameobject.h"
+
+
+static PyObject *
+null_error(void)
+{
+    if (!PyErr_Occurred())
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+                        "null argument to internal routine");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+PyObject*
+_Py_CheckFunctionResult(PyObject *callable, PyObject *result, const char *where)
+{
+    int err_occurred = (PyErr_Occurred() != NULL);
+
+    assert((callable != NULL) ^ (where != NULL));
+
+    if (result == NULL) {
+        if (!err_occurred) {
+            if (callable)
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
+                             "%R returned NULL without setting an error",
+                             callable);
+            else
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
+                             "%s returned NULL without setting an error",
+                             where);
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+            /* Ensure that the bug is caught in debug mode */
+            Py_FatalError("a function returned NULL without setting an error");
+#endif
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (err_occurred) {
+            Py_DECREF(result);
+
+            if (callable) {
+                _PyErr_FormatFromCause(PyExc_SystemError,
+                        "%R returned a result with an error set",
+                        callable);
+            }
+            else {
+                _PyErr_FormatFromCause(PyExc_SystemError,
+                        "%s returned a result with an error set",
+                        where);
+            }
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+            /* Ensure that the bug is caught in debug mode */
+            Py_FatalError("a function returned a result with an error set");
+#endif
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/* --- Core PyObject call functions ------------------------------- */
+
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_FastCallDict(PyObject *callable, PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
+                       PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    /* _PyObject_FastCallDict() must not be called with an exception set,
+       because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
+       caller loses its exception */
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+
+    assert(callable != NULL);
+    assert(nargs >= 0);
+    assert(nargs == 0 || args != NULL);
+    assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_Check(kwargs));
+
+    if (PyFunction_Check(callable)) {
+        return _PyFunction_FastCallDict(callable, args, nargs, kwargs);
+    }
+    else if (PyCFunction_Check(callable)) {
+        return _PyCFunction_FastCallDict(callable, args, nargs, kwargs);
+    }
+    else {
+        PyObject *argstuple, *result;
+        ternaryfunc call;
+
+        /* Slow-path: build a temporary tuple */
+        call = callable->ob_type->tp_call;
+        if (call == NULL) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%.200s' object is not callable",
+                         callable->ob_type->tp_name);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        argstuple = _PyStack_AsTuple(args, nargs);
+        if (argstuple == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object")) {
+            Py_DECREF(argstuple);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        result = (*call)(callable, argstuple, kwargs);
+
+        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+        Py_DECREF(argstuple);
+
+        result = _Py_CheckFunctionResult(callable, result, NULL);
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_FastCallKeywords(PyObject *callable, PyObject **stack, Py_ssize_t nargs,
+                           PyObject *kwnames)
+{
+    /* _PyObject_FastCallKeywords() must not be called with an exception set,
+       because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
+       caller loses its exception */
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+
+    assert(nargs >= 0);
+    assert(kwnames == NULL || PyTuple_CheckExact(kwnames));
+
+    /* kwnames must only contains str strings, no subclass, and all keys must
+       be unique: these checks are implemented in Python/ceval.c and
+       _PyArg_ParseStackAndKeywords(). */
+
+    if (PyFunction_Check(callable)) {
+        return _PyFunction_FastCallKeywords(callable, stack, nargs, kwnames);
+    }
+    if (PyCFunction_Check(callable)) {
+        return _PyCFunction_FastCallKeywords(callable, stack, nargs, kwnames);
+    }
+    else {
+        /* Slow-path: build a temporary tuple for positional arguments and a
+           temporary dictionary for keyword arguments (if any) */
+
+        ternaryfunc call;
+        PyObject *argstuple;
+        PyObject *kwdict, *result;
+        Py_ssize_t nkwargs;
+
+        nkwargs = (kwnames == NULL) ? 0 : PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
+        assert((nargs == 0 && nkwargs == 0) || stack != NULL);
+
+        call = callable->ob_type->tp_call;
+        if (call == NULL) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%.200s' object is not callable",
+                         callable->ob_type->tp_name);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        argstuple = _PyStack_AsTuple(stack, nargs);
+        if (argstuple == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (nkwargs > 0) {
+            kwdict = _PyStack_AsDict(stack + nargs, kwnames);
+            if (kwdict == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(argstuple);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            kwdict = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object")) {
+            Py_DECREF(argstuple);
+            Py_XDECREF(kwdict);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        result = (*call)(callable, argstuple, kwdict);
+
+        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+
+        Py_DECREF(argstuple);
+        Py_XDECREF(kwdict);
+
+        result = _Py_CheckFunctionResult(callable, result, NULL);
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+PyObject_Call(PyObject *callable, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    ternaryfunc call;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    /* PyObject_Call() must not be called with an exception set,
+       because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
+       caller loses its exception */
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    assert(PyTuple_Check(args));
+    assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_Check(kwargs));
+
+    if (PyFunction_Check(callable)) {
+        return _PyFunction_FastCallDict(callable,
+                                        &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0),
+                                        PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args),
+                                        kwargs);
+    }
+    else if (PyCFunction_Check(callable)) {
+        return PyCFunction_Call(callable, args, kwargs);
+    }
+    else {
+        call = callable->ob_type->tp_call;
+        if (call == NULL) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%.200s' object is not callable",
+                         callable->ob_type->tp_name);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object"))
+            return NULL;
+
+        result = (*call)(callable, args, kwargs);
+
+        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+
+        return _Py_CheckFunctionResult(callable, result, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* --- PyFunction call functions ---------------------------------- */
+
+static PyObject* _Py_HOT_FUNCTION
+function_code_fastcall(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
+                       PyObject *globals)
+{
+    PyFrameObject *f;
+    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject **fastlocals;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    assert(globals != NULL);
+    /* XXX Perhaps we should create a specialized
+       _PyFrame_New_NoTrack() that doesn't take locals, but does
+       take builtins without sanity checking them.
+       */
+    assert(tstate != NULL);
+    f = _PyFrame_New_NoTrack(tstate, co, globals, NULL);
+    if (f == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    fastlocals = f->f_localsplus;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
+        Py_INCREF(*args);
+        fastlocals[i] = *args++;
+    }
+    result = PyEval_EvalFrameEx(f,0);
+
+    if (Py_REFCNT(f) > 1) {
+        Py_DECREF(f);
+        _PyObject_GC_TRACK(f);
+    }
+    else {
+        ++tstate->recursion_depth;
+        Py_DECREF(f);
+        --tstate->recursion_depth;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyFunction_FastCallDict(PyObject *func, PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
+                         PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(func);
+    PyObject *globals = PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(func);
+    PyObject *argdefs = PyFunction_GET_DEFAULTS(func);
+    PyObject *kwdefs, *closure, *name, *qualname;
+    PyObject *kwtuple, **k;
+    PyObject **d;
+    Py_ssize_t nd, nk;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    assert(func != NULL);
+    assert(nargs >= 0);
+    assert(nargs == 0 || args != NULL);
+    assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_Check(kwargs));
+
+    if (co->co_kwonlyargcount == 0 &&
+        (kwargs == NULL || PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) == 0) &&
+        co->co_flags == (CO_OPTIMIZED | CO_NEWLOCALS | CO_NOFREE))
+    {
+        /* Fast paths */
+        if (argdefs == NULL && co->co_argcount == nargs) {
+            return function_code_fastcall(co, args, nargs, globals);
+        }
+        else if (nargs == 0 && argdefs != NULL
+                 && co->co_argcount == Py_SIZE(argdefs)) {
+            /* function called with no arguments, but all parameters have
+               a default value: use default values as arguments .*/
+            args = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argdefs, 0);
+            return function_code_fastcall(co, args, Py_SIZE(argdefs), globals);
+        }
+    }
+
+    nk = (kwargs != NULL) ? PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) : 0;
+    if (nk != 0) {
+        Py_ssize_t pos, i;
+
+        /* Issue #29318: Caller and callee functions must not share the
+           dictionary: kwargs must be copied. */
+        kwtuple = PyTuple_New(2 * nk);
+        if (kwtuple == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        k = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(kwtuple, 0);
+        pos = i = 0;
+        while (PyDict_Next(kwargs, &pos, &k[i], &k[i+1])) {
+            /* We must hold strong references because keyword arguments can be
+               indirectly modified while the function is called:
+               see issue #2016 and test_extcall */
+            Py_INCREF(k[i]);
+            Py_INCREF(k[i+1]);
+            i += 2;
+        }
+        nk = i / 2;
+    }
+    else {
+        kwtuple = NULL;
+        k = NULL;
+    }
+
+    kwdefs = PyFunction_GET_KW_DEFAULTS(func);
+    closure = PyFunction_GET_CLOSURE(func);
+    name = ((PyFunctionObject *)func) -> func_name;
+    qualname = ((PyFunctionObject *)func) -> func_qualname;
+
+    if (argdefs != NULL) {
+        d = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argdefs, 0);
+        nd = Py_SIZE(argdefs);
+    }
+    else {
+        d = NULL;
+        nd = 0;
+    }
+
+    result = _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName((PyObject*)co, globals, (PyObject *)NULL,
+                                      args, nargs,
+                                      k, k + 1, nk, 2,
+                                      d, nd, kwdefs,
+                                      closure, name, qualname);
+    Py_XDECREF(kwtuple);
+    return result;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+_PyFunction_FastCallKeywords(PyObject *func, PyObject **stack,
+                             Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+{
+    PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(func);
+    PyObject *globals = PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(func);
+    PyObject *argdefs = PyFunction_GET_DEFAULTS(func);
+    PyObject *kwdefs, *closure, *name, *qualname;
+    PyObject **d;
+    Py_ssize_t nkwargs = (kwnames == NULL) ? 0 : PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
+    Py_ssize_t nd;
+
+    assert(PyFunction_Check(func));
+    assert(nargs >= 0);
+    assert(kwnames == NULL || PyTuple_CheckExact(kwnames));
+    assert((nargs == 0 && nkwargs == 0) || stack != NULL);
+    /* kwnames must only contains str strings, no subclass, and all keys must
+       be unique */
+
+    if (co->co_kwonlyargcount == 0 && nkwargs == 0 &&
+        co->co_flags == (CO_OPTIMIZED | CO_NEWLOCALS | CO_NOFREE))
+    {
+        if (argdefs == NULL && co->co_argcount == nargs) {
+            return function_code_fastcall(co, stack, nargs, globals);
+        }
+        else if (nargs == 0 && argdefs != NULL
+                 && co->co_argcount == Py_SIZE(argdefs)) {
+            /* function called with no arguments, but all parameters have
+               a default value: use default values as arguments .*/
+            stack = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argdefs, 0);
+            return function_code_fastcall(co, stack, Py_SIZE(argdefs), globals);
+        }
+    }
+
+    kwdefs = PyFunction_GET_KW_DEFAULTS(func);
+    closure = PyFunction_GET_CLOSURE(func);
+    name = ((PyFunctionObject *)func) -> func_name;
+    qualname = ((PyFunctionObject *)func) -> func_qualname;
+
+    if (argdefs != NULL) {
+        d = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argdefs, 0);
+        nd = Py_SIZE(argdefs);
+    }
+    else {
+        d = NULL;
+        nd = 0;
+    }
+    return _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName((PyObject*)co, globals, (PyObject *)NULL,
+                                    stack, nargs,
+                                    nkwargs ? &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(kwnames, 0) : NULL,
+                                    stack + nargs,
+                                    nkwargs, 1,
+                                    d, (int)nd, kwdefs,
+                                    closure, name, qualname);
+}
+
+
+/* --- PyCFunction call functions --------------------------------- */
+
+PyObject *
+_PyMethodDef_RawFastCallDict(PyMethodDef *method, PyObject *self, PyObject **args,
+                             Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    /* _PyMethodDef_RawFastCallDict() must not be called with an exception set,
+       because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
+       caller loses its exception */
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+
+    assert(method != NULL);
+    assert(nargs >= 0);
+    assert(nargs == 0 || args != NULL);
+    assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_Check(kwargs));
+
+    PyCFunction meth = method->ml_meth;
+    int flags = method->ml_flags & ~(METH_CLASS | METH_STATIC | METH_COEXIST);
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+
+    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object")) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    switch (flags)
+    {
+    case METH_NOARGS:
+        if (nargs != 0) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "%.200s() takes no arguments (%zd given)",
+                method->ml_name, nargs);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        if (kwargs != NULL && PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) != 0) {
+            goto no_keyword_error;
+        }
+
+        result = (*meth) (self, NULL);
+        break;
+
+    case METH_O:
+        if (nargs != 1) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "%.200s() takes exactly one argument (%zd given)",
+                method->ml_name, nargs);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        if (kwargs != NULL && PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) != 0) {
+            goto no_keyword_error;
+        }
+
+        result = (*meth) (self, args[0]);
+        break;
+
+    case METH_VARARGS:
+        if (!(flags & METH_KEYWORDS)
+                && kwargs != NULL && PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) != 0) {
+            goto no_keyword_error;
+        }
+        /* fall through next case */
+
+    case METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS:
+    {
+        /* Slow-path: create a temporary tuple for positional arguments */
+        PyObject *argstuple = _PyStack_AsTuple(args, nargs);
+        if (argstuple == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & METH_KEYWORDS) {
+            result = (*(PyCFunctionWithKeywords)meth) (self, argstuple, kwargs);
+        }
+        else {
+            result = (*meth) (self, argstuple);
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(argstuple);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case METH_FASTCALL:
+    {
+        PyObject **stack;
+        PyObject *kwnames;
+        _PyCFunctionFast fastmeth = (_PyCFunctionFast)meth;
+
+        if (_PyStack_UnpackDict(args, nargs, kwargs, &stack, &kwnames) < 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        result = (*fastmeth) (self, stack, nargs, kwnames);
+        if (stack != args) {
+            PyMem_Free(stack);
+        }
+        Py_XDECREF(kwnames);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+                        "Bad call flags in _PyMethodDef_RawFastCallDict. "
+                        "METH_OLDARGS is no longer supported!");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    goto exit;
+
+no_keyword_error:
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "%.200s() takes no keyword arguments",
+                 method->ml_name, nargs);
+
+exit:
+    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyCFunction_FastCallDict(PyObject *func, PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
+                          PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    assert(func != NULL);
+    assert(PyCFunction_Check(func));
+
+    result = _PyMethodDef_RawFastCallDict(((PyCFunctionObject*)func)->m_ml,
+                                          PyCFunction_GET_SELF(func),
+                                          args, nargs, kwargs);
+    result = _Py_CheckFunctionResult(func, result, NULL);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyMethodDef_RawFastCallKeywords(PyMethodDef *method, PyObject *self, PyObject **args,
+                                 Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+{
+    /* _PyMethodDef_RawFastCallKeywords() must not be called with an exception set,
+       because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
+       caller loses its exception */
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+
+    assert(method != NULL);
+    assert(nargs >= 0);
+    assert(kwnames == NULL || PyTuple_CheckExact(kwnames));
+    /* kwnames must only contains str strings, no subclass, and all keys must
+       be unique */
+
+    PyCFunction meth = method->ml_meth;
+    int flags = method->ml_flags & ~(METH_CLASS | METH_STATIC | METH_COEXIST);
+    Py_ssize_t nkwargs = kwnames == NULL ? 0 : PyTuple_Size(kwnames);
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+
+    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object")) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    switch (flags)
+    {
+    case METH_NOARGS:
+        if (nargs != 0) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "%.200s() takes no arguments (%zd given)",
+                method->ml_name, nargs);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        if (nkwargs) {
+            goto no_keyword_error;
+        }
+
+        result = (*meth) (self, NULL);
+        break;
+
+    case METH_O:
+        if (nargs != 1) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "%.200s() takes exactly one argument (%zd given)",
+                method->ml_name, nargs);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        if (nkwargs) {
+            goto no_keyword_error;
+        }
+
+        result = (*meth) (self, args[0]);
+        break;
+
+    case METH_FASTCALL:
+        /* Fast-path: avoid temporary dict to pass keyword arguments */
+        result = ((_PyCFunctionFast)meth) (self, args, nargs, kwnames);
+        break;
+
+    case METH_VARARGS:
+    case METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS:
+    {
+        /* Slow-path: create a temporary tuple for positional arguments
+           and a temporary dict for keyword arguments */
+        PyObject *argtuple;
+
+        if (!(flags & METH_KEYWORDS) && nkwargs) {
+            goto no_keyword_error;
+        }
+
+        argtuple = _PyStack_AsTuple(args, nargs);
+        if (argtuple == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & METH_KEYWORDS) {
+            PyObject *kwdict;
+
+            if (nkwargs > 0) {
+                kwdict = _PyStack_AsDict(args + nargs, kwnames);
+                if (kwdict == NULL) {
+                    Py_DECREF(argtuple);
+                    goto exit;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                kwdict = NULL;
+            }
+
+            result = (*(PyCFunctionWithKeywords)meth) (self, argtuple, kwdict);
+            Py_XDECREF(kwdict);
+        }
+        else {
+            result = (*meth) (self, argtuple);
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(argtuple);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+                        "Bad call flags in _PyCFunction_FastCallKeywords. "
+                        "METH_OLDARGS is no longer supported!");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    goto exit;
+
+no_keyword_error:
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "%.200s() takes no keyword arguments",
+                 method->ml_name);
+
+exit:
+    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyCFunction_FastCallKeywords(PyObject *func, PyObject **args,
+                              Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames)
+{
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    assert(func != NULL);
+    assert(PyCFunction_Check(func));
+
+    result = _PyMethodDef_RawFastCallKeywords(((PyCFunctionObject*)func)->m_ml,
+                                              PyCFunction_GET_SELF(func),
+                                              args, nargs, kwnames);
+    result = _Py_CheckFunctionResult(func, result, NULL);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+cfunction_call_varargs(PyObject *func, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+
+    PyCFunction meth = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(func);
+    PyObject *self = PyCFunction_GET_SELF(func);
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    if (PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(func) & METH_KEYWORDS) {
+        if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object")) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        result = (*(PyCFunctionWithKeywords)meth)(self, args, kwargs);
+
+        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    }
+    else {
+        if (kwargs != NULL && PyDict_Size(kwargs) != 0) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "%.200s() takes no keyword arguments",
+                         ((PyCFunctionObject*)func)->m_ml->ml_name);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object")) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        result = (*meth)(self, args);
+
+        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    }
+
+    return _Py_CheckFunctionResult(func, result, NULL);
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+PyCFunction_Call(PyObject *func, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    /* first try METH_VARARGS to pass directly args tuple unchanged.
+       _PyMethodDef_RawFastCallDict() creates a new temporary tuple
+       for METH_VARARGS. */
+    if (PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(func) & METH_VARARGS) {
+        return cfunction_call_varargs(func, args, kwargs);
+    }
+    else {
+        return _PyCFunction_FastCallDict(func,
+                                         &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0),
+                                         PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args),
+                                         kwargs);
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* --- More complex call functions -------------------------------- */
+
+/* External interface to call any callable object.
+   The args must be a tuple or NULL.  The kwargs must be a dict or NULL. */
+PyObject *
+PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(PyObject *callable,
+                              PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+    /* PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords() must not be called with an exception
+       set. It raises a new exception if parameters are invalid or if
+       PyTuple_New() fails, and so the original exception is lost. */
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+#endif
+
+    if (args == NULL) {
+        return _PyObject_FastCallDict(callable, NULL, 0, kwargs);
+    }
+
+    if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "argument list must be a tuple");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (kwargs != NULL && !PyDict_Check(kwargs)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "keyword list must be a dictionary");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return PyObject_Call(callable, args, kwargs);
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+PyObject_CallObject(PyObject *callable, PyObject *args)
+{
+    return PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(callable, args, NULL);
+}
+
+
+/* Positional arguments are obj followed by args:
+   call callable(obj, *args, **kwargs) */
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_FastCall_Prepend(PyObject *callable,
+                           PyObject *obj, PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+{
+    PyObject *small_stack[_PY_FASTCALL_SMALL_STACK];
+    PyObject **args2;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    nargs++;
+    if (nargs <= (Py_ssize_t)Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(small_stack)) {
+        args2 = small_stack;
+    }
+    else {
+        args2 = PyMem_Malloc(nargs * sizeof(PyObject *));
+        if (args2 == NULL) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* use borrowed references */
+    args2[0] = obj;
+    memcpy(&args2[1],
+           args,
+           (nargs - 1)* sizeof(PyObject *));
+
+    result = _PyObject_FastCall(callable, args2, nargs);
+    if (args2 != small_stack) {
+        PyMem_Free(args2);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/* Call callable(obj, *args, **kwargs). */
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_Call_Prepend(PyObject *callable,
+                       PyObject *obj, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    PyObject *small_stack[_PY_FASTCALL_SMALL_STACK];
+    PyObject **stack;
+    Py_ssize_t argcount;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    assert(PyTuple_Check(args));
+
+    argcount = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
+    if (argcount + 1 <= (Py_ssize_t)Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(small_stack)) {
+        stack = small_stack;
+    }
+    else {
+        stack = PyMem_Malloc((argcount + 1) * sizeof(PyObject *));
+        if (stack == NULL) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* use borrowed references */
+    stack[0] = obj;
+    memcpy(&stack[1],
+              &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0),
+              argcount * sizeof(PyObject *));
+
+    result = _PyObject_FastCallDict(callable,
+                                    stack, argcount + 1,
+                                    kwargs);
+    if (stack != small_stack) {
+        PyMem_Free(stack);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/* --- Call with a format string ---------------------------------- */
+
+static PyObject *
+_PyObject_CallFunctionVa(PyObject *callable, const char *format,
+                         va_list va, int is_size_t)
+{
+    PyObject* small_stack[_PY_FASTCALL_SMALL_STACK];
+    const Py_ssize_t small_stack_len = Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(small_stack);
+    PyObject **stack;
+    Py_ssize_t nargs, i;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    if (callable == NULL) {
+        return null_error();
+    }
+
+    if (!format || !*format) {
+        return _PyObject_CallNoArg(callable);
+    }
+
+    if (is_size_t) {
+        stack = _Py_VaBuildStack_SizeT(small_stack, small_stack_len,
+                                       format, va, &nargs);
+    }
+    else {
+        stack = _Py_VaBuildStack(small_stack, small_stack_len,
+                                 format, va, &nargs);
+    }
+    if (stack == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (nargs == 1 && PyTuple_Check(stack[0])) {
+        /* Special cases for backward compatibility:
+           - PyObject_CallFunction(func, "O", tuple) calls func(*tuple)
+           - PyObject_CallFunction(func, "(OOO)", arg1, arg2, arg3) calls
+             func(*(arg1, arg2, arg3)): func(arg1, arg2, arg3) */
+        PyObject *args = stack[0];
+        result = _PyObject_FastCall(callable,
+                                    &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0),
+                                    PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args));
+    }
+    else {
+        result = _PyObject_FastCall(callable, stack, nargs);
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < nargs; ++i) {
+        Py_DECREF(stack[i]);
+    }
+    if (stack != small_stack) {
+        PyMem_Free(stack);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+PyObject_CallFunction(PyObject *callable, const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list va;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    va_start(va, format);
+    result = _PyObject_CallFunctionVa(callable, format, va, 0);
+    va_end(va);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+PyEval_CallFunction(PyObject *callable, const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list vargs;
+    PyObject *args;
+    PyObject *res;
+
+    va_start(vargs, format);
+
+    args = Py_VaBuildValue(format, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+
+    if (args == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    res = PyEval_CallObject(callable, args);
+    Py_DECREF(args);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_CallFunction_SizeT(PyObject *callable, const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list va;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    va_start(va, format);
+    result = _PyObject_CallFunctionVa(callable, format, va, 1);
+    va_end(va);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+callmethod(PyObject* callable, const char *format, va_list va, int is_size_t)
+{
+    assert(callable != NULL);
+
+    if (!PyCallable_Check(callable)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "attribute of type '%.200s' is not callable",
+                     Py_TYPE(callable)->tp_name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return _PyObject_CallFunctionVa(callable, format, va, is_size_t);
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *obj, const char *name, const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list va;
+    PyObject *callable, *retval;
+
+    if (obj == NULL || name == NULL) {
+        return null_error();
+    }
+
+    callable = PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, name);
+    if (callable == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    va_start(va, format);
+    retval = callmethod(callable, format, va, 0);
+    va_end(va);
+
+    Py_DECREF(callable);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+PyEval_CallMethod(PyObject *obj, const char *name, const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list vargs;
+    PyObject *meth;
+    PyObject *args;
+    PyObject *res;
+
+    meth = PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, name);
+    if (meth == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    va_start(vargs, format);
+
+    args = Py_VaBuildValue(format, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+
+    if (args == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(meth);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    res = PyEval_CallObject(meth, args);
+    Py_DECREF(meth);
+    Py_DECREF(args);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_CallMethodId(PyObject *obj, _Py_Identifier *name,
+                       const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list va;
+    PyObject *callable, *retval;
+
+    if (obj == NULL || name == NULL) {
+        return null_error();
+    }
+
+    callable = _PyObject_GetAttrId(obj, name);
+    if (callable == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    va_start(va, format);
+    retval = callmethod(callable, format, va, 0);
+    va_end(va);
+
+    Py_DECREF(callable);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_CallMethod_SizeT(PyObject *obj, const char *name,
+                           const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list va;
+    PyObject *callable, *retval;
+
+    if (obj == NULL || name == NULL) {
+        return null_error();
+    }
+
+    callable = PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, name);
+    if (callable == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    va_start(va, format);
+    retval = callmethod(callable, format, va, 1);
+    va_end(va);
+
+    Py_DECREF(callable);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_CallMethodId_SizeT(PyObject *obj, _Py_Identifier *name,
+                             const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list va;
+    PyObject *callable, *retval;
+
+    if (obj == NULL || name == NULL) {
+        return null_error();
+    }
+
+    callable = _PyObject_GetAttrId(obj, name);
+    if (callable == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    va_start(va, format);
+    retval = callmethod(callable, format, va, 1);
+    va_end(va);
+
+    Py_DECREF(callable);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+/* --- Call with "..." arguments ---------------------------------- */
+
+static PyObject *
+object_vacall(PyObject *callable, va_list vargs)
+{
+    PyObject *small_stack[_PY_FASTCALL_SMALL_STACK];
+    PyObject **stack;
+    Py_ssize_t nargs;
+    PyObject *result;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+    va_list countva;
+
+    if (callable == NULL) {
+        return null_error();
+    }
+
+    /* Count the number of arguments */
+    va_copy(countva, vargs);
+    nargs = 0;
+    while (1) {
+        PyObject *arg = va_arg(countva, PyObject *);
+        if (arg == NULL) {
+            break;
+        }
+        nargs++;
+    }
+    va_end(countva);
+
+    /* Copy arguments */
+    if (nargs <= (Py_ssize_t)Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(small_stack)) {
+        stack = small_stack;
+    }
+    else {
+        stack = PyMem_Malloc(nargs * sizeof(stack[0]));
+        if (stack == NULL) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < nargs; ++i) {
+        stack[i] = va_arg(vargs, PyObject *);
+    }
+
+    /* Call the function */
+    result = _PyObject_FastCall(callable, stack, nargs);
+
+    if (stack != small_stack) {
+        PyMem_Free(stack);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(PyObject *callable, PyObject *name, ...)
+{
+    va_list vargs;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    if (callable == NULL || name == NULL) {
+        return null_error();
+    }
+
+    callable = PyObject_GetAttr(callable, name);
+    if (callable == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    va_start(vargs, name);
+    result = object_vacall(callable, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+
+    Py_DECREF(callable);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(PyObject *obj,
+                              struct _Py_Identifier *name, ...)
+{
+    va_list vargs;
+    PyObject *callable, *result;
+
+    if (obj == NULL || name == NULL) {
+        return null_error();
+    }
+
+    callable = _PyObject_GetAttrId(obj, name);
+    if (callable == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    va_start(vargs, name);
+    result = object_vacall(callable, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+
+    Py_DECREF(callable);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(PyObject *callable, ...)
+{
+    va_list vargs;
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    va_start(vargs, callable);
+    result = object_vacall(callable, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/* --- PyStack functions ------------------------------------------ */
+
+/* Issue #29234: Inlining _PyStack_AsTuple() into callers increases their
+   stack consumption, Disable inlining to optimize the stack consumption. */
+PyObject* _Py_NO_INLINE
+_PyStack_AsTuple(PyObject **stack, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+{
+    PyObject *args;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+
+    args = PyTuple_New(nargs);
+    if (args == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (i=0; i < nargs; i++) {
+        PyObject *item = stack[i];
+        Py_INCREF(item);
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, i, item);
+    }
+    return args;
+}
+
+
+PyObject*
+_PyStack_AsTupleSlice(PyObject **stack, Py_ssize_t nargs,
+                      Py_ssize_t start, Py_ssize_t end)
+{
+    PyObject *args;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+
+    assert(0 <= start);
+    assert(end <= nargs);
+    assert(start <= end);
+
+    args = PyTuple_New(end - start);
+    if (args == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (i=start; i < end; i++) {
+        PyObject *item = stack[i];
+        Py_INCREF(item);
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, i - start, item);
+    }
+    return args;
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+_PyStack_AsDict(PyObject **values, PyObject *kwnames)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t nkwargs;
+    PyObject *kwdict;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+
+    assert(kwnames != NULL);
+    nkwargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
+    kwdict = _PyDict_NewPresized(nkwargs);
+    if (kwdict == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < nkwargs; i++) {
+        PyObject *key = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(kwnames, i);
+        PyObject *value = *values++;
+        /* If key already exists, replace it with the new value */
+        if (PyDict_SetItem(kwdict, key, value)) {
+            Py_DECREF(kwdict);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    return kwdict;
+}
+
+
+int
+_PyStack_UnpackDict(PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwargs,
+                    PyObject ***p_stack, PyObject **p_kwnames)
+{
+    PyObject **stack, **kwstack;
+    Py_ssize_t nkwargs;
+    Py_ssize_t pos, i;
+    PyObject *key, *value;
+    PyObject *kwnames;
+
+    assert(nargs >= 0);
+    assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
+
+    if (kwargs == NULL || (nkwargs = PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs)) == 0) {
+        *p_stack = args;
+        *p_kwnames = NULL;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if ((size_t)nargs > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / sizeof(stack[0]) - (size_t)nkwargs) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    stack = PyMem_Malloc((nargs + nkwargs) * sizeof(stack[0]));
+    if (stack == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    kwnames = PyTuple_New(nkwargs);
+    if (kwnames == NULL) {
+        PyMem_Free(stack);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Copy position arguments (borrowed references) */
+    memcpy(stack, args, nargs * sizeof(stack[0]));
+
+    kwstack = stack + nargs;
+    pos = i = 0;
+    /* This loop doesn't support lookup function mutating the dictionary
+       to change its size. It's a deliberate choice for speed, this function is
+       called in the performance critical hot code. */
+    while (PyDict_Next(kwargs, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+        Py_INCREF(key);
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(kwnames, i, key);
+        /* The stack contains borrowed references */
+        kwstack[i] = value;
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    *p_stack = stack;
+    *p_kwnames = kwnames;
+    return 0;
+}