diff --git a/Python/pystate.c b/Python/pystate.c
index e7c085d..c8b2530 100644
--- a/Python/pystate.c
+++ b/Python/pystate.c
@@ -1327,7 +1327,21 @@ PyThreadState_IsCurrent(PyThreadState *tstate)
    Py_Initialize/Py_FinalizeEx
 */
 PyStatus
-_PyGILState_Init(PyThreadState *tstate)
+_PyGILState_Init(_PyRuntimeState *runtime)
+{
+    struct _gilstate_runtime_state *gilstate = &runtime->gilstate;
+    if (PyThread_tss_create(&gilstate->autoTSSkey) != 0) {
+        return _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+    }
+    // PyThreadState_New() calls _PyGILState_NoteThreadState() which does
+    // nothing before autoInterpreterState is set.
+    assert(gilstate->autoInterpreterState == NULL);
+    return _PyStatus_OK();
+}
+
+
+PyStatus
+_PyGILState_SetTstate(PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
     if (!_Py_IsMainInterpreter(tstate->interp)) {
         /* Currently, PyGILState is shared by all interpreters. The main
@@ -1341,9 +1355,6 @@ _PyGILState_Init(PyThreadState *tstate)
 
     struct _gilstate_runtime_state *gilstate = &tstate->interp->runtime->gilstate;
 
-    if (PyThread_tss_create(&gilstate->autoTSSkey) != 0) {
-        return _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
-    }
     gilstate->autoInterpreterState = tstate->interp;
     assert(PyThread_tss_get(&gilstate->autoTSSkey) == NULL);
     assert(tstate->gilstate_counter == 0);