Implementation of PEP 3101, Advanced String Formatting.

Known issues:

The string.Formatter class, as discussed in the PEP, is incomplete.

Error handling needs to conform to the PEP.

Need to fix this warning that I introduced in Python/formatter_unicode.c:
Objects/stringlib/unicodedefs.h:26: warning: `STRINGLIB_CMP' defined but not used

Need to make sure sign formatting is correct, more tests needed.

Need to remove '()' sign formatting, left over from an earlier version of the PEP.
diff --git a/Include/formatter_unicode.h b/Include/formatter_unicode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccca883
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/formatter_unicode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+PyObject *
+unicode_unicode__format__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args);
+
+PyObject *
+unicode_long__format__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args);
+
+PyObject *
+unicode_float__format__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args);
+
diff --git a/Include/unicodeobject.h b/Include/unicodeobject.h
index 4cde46a..f940887 100644
--- a/Include/unicodeobject.h
+++ b/Include/unicodeobject.h
@@ -1437,6 +1437,11 @@
     const Py_UNICODE *s, Py_UNICODE c
     );
 
+PyObject *
+_unicodeformatter_iterator(PyObject *str);
+PyObject *
+_unicodeformatter_lookup(PyObject *field_name, PyObject *args,
+                         PyObject *kwargs);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/Lib/string.py b/Lib/string.py
index 87073aa..9df78af 100644
--- a/Lib/string.py
+++ b/Lib/string.py
@@ -189,3 +189,42 @@
             raise ValueError('Unrecognized named group in pattern',
                              self.pattern)
         return self.pattern.sub(convert, self.template)
+
+
+
+########################################################################
+# the Formatter class
+# see PEP 3101 for details and purpose of this class
+
+# The hard parts are reused from the C implementation.  They're
+# exposed here via the sys module.  sys was chosen because it's always
+# available and doesn't have to be dynamically loaded.
+
+# The parser is implemented in sys._formatter_parser.
+# The "object lookup" is implemented in sys._formatter_lookup
+
+from sys import _formatter_parser, _formatter_lookup
+
+class Formatter:
+    def format(self, format_string, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.vformat(format_string, args, kwargs)
+
+    def vformat(self, format_string, args, kwargs):
+        result = []
+        for (is_markup, literal, field_name, format_spec, conversion) in \
+                _formatter_parser(format_string):
+            if is_markup:
+                # find the object
+                index, name, obj = _formatter_lookup(field_name, args, kwargs)
+            else:
+                result.append(literal)
+        return ''.join(result)
+
+    def get_value(self, key, args, kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    def check_unused_args(self, used_args, args, kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    def format_field(self, value, format_spec):
+        pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_builtin.py b/Lib/test/test_builtin.py
index f77cf78..0560045 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_builtin.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_builtin.py
@@ -517,6 +517,32 @@
         self.assertAlmostEqual(float(Foo3(21)), 42.)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, float, Foo4(42))
 
+    def test_format(self):
+        class A:
+            def __init__(self, x):
+                self.x = x
+            def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                return str(self.x) + format_spec
+
+        # class that returns a bad type from __format__
+        class H:
+            def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                return 1.0
+
+        self.assertEqual(format(3, ''), '3')
+        self.assertEqual(format(A(3), 'spec'), '3spec')
+
+        # for builtin types, format(x, "") == str(x)
+        self.assertEqual(format(17**13, ""), str(17**13))
+        self.assertEqual(format(1.0, ""), str(1.0))
+        self.assertEqual(format(3.1415e104, ""), str(3.1415e104))
+        self.assertEqual(format(-3.1415e104, ""), str(-3.1415e104))
+        self.assertEqual(format(3.1415e-104, ""), str(3.1415e-104))
+        self.assertEqual(format(-3.1415e-104, ""), str(-3.1415e-104))
+        self.assertEqual(format(object, ""), str(object))
+
+        #self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, H(), "")
+
     def test_getattr(self):
         import sys
         self.assert_(getattr(sys, 'stdout') is sys.stdout)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_descrtut.py b/Lib/test/test_descrtut.py
index fe29f34..d2f9720 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_descrtut.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_descrtut.py
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@
      '__delslice__',
      '__doc__',
      '__eq__',
+     '__format__',
      '__ge__',
      '__getattribute__',
      '__getitem__',
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_float.py b/Lib/test/test_float.py
index 48abec9..e5a4537 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_float.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_float.py
@@ -114,12 +114,44 @@
             self.assertEquals(pos_pos(), neg_pos())
             self.assertEquals(pos_neg(), neg_neg())
 
+class FormatTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def testFormat(self):
+        # these should be rewritten to use both format(x, spec) and
+        # x.__format__(spec)
+
+        self.assertEqual(format(0.0, 'f'), '0.000000')
+
+        # the default is 'g', except for empty format spec
+        self.assertEqual(format(0.0, ''), '0.0')
+        self.assertEqual(format(0.01, ''), '0.01')
+        self.assertEqual(format(0.01, 'g'), '0.01')
+
+        self.assertEqual(format(0, 'f'), '0.000000')
+
+        self.assertEqual(format(1.0, 'f'), '1.000000')
+        self.assertEqual(format(1, 'f'), '1.000000')
+
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1.0, 'f'), '-1.000000')
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1, 'f'), '-1.000000')
+
+        self.assertEqual(format( 1.0, ' f'), ' 1.000000')
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1.0, ' f'), '-1.000000')
+        self.assertEqual(format( 1.0, '+f'), '+1.000000')
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1.0, '+f'), '-1.000000')
+
+        # % formatting
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1.0, '%'), '-100.000000%')
+
+        # conversion to string should fail
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 3.0, "s")
+
 
 def test_main():
     test_support.run_unittest(
         FormatFunctionsTestCase,
         UnknownFormatTestCase,
-        IEEEFormatTestCase)
+        IEEEFormatTestCase,
+        FormatTestCase)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     test_main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_long.py b/Lib/test/test_long.py
index 0b67c3e..4e15340 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_long.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_long.py
@@ -493,6 +493,50 @@
                 eq(x > y, Rcmp > 0, Frm("%r > %r %d", x, y, Rcmp))
                 eq(x >= y, Rcmp >= 0, Frm("%r >= %r %d", x, y, Rcmp))
 
+    def test_format(self):
+        self.assertEqual(format(123456789, 'd'), '123456789')
+        self.assertEqual(format(123456789, 'd'), '123456789')
+
+        # hex
+        self.assertEqual(format(3, "x"), "3")
+        self.assertEqual(format(3, "X"), "3")
+        self.assertEqual(format(1234, "x"), "4d2")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1234, "x"), "-4d2")
+        self.assertEqual(format(1234, "8x"), "     4d2")
+# XXX fix       self.assertEqual(format(-1234, "8x"), "    -4d2")
+        self.assertEqual(format(1234, "x"), "4d2")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1234, "x"), "-4d2")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-3, "x"), "-3")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-3, "X"), "-3")
+        self.assertEqual(format(int('be', 16), "x"), "be")
+        self.assertEqual(format(int('be', 16), "X"), "BE")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-int('be', 16), "x"), "-be")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-int('be', 16), "X"), "-BE")
+
+        # octal
+        self.assertEqual(format(3, "b"), "11")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-3, "b"), "-11")
+        self.assertEqual(format(1234, "b"), "10011010010")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1234, "b"), "-10011010010")
+        self.assertEqual(format(1234, "-b"), "10011010010")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1234, "-b"), "-10011010010")
+        self.assertEqual(format(1234, " b"), " 10011010010")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1234, " b"), "-10011010010")
+        self.assertEqual(format(1234, "+b"), "+10011010010")
+        self.assertEqual(format(-1234, "+b"), "-10011010010")
+
+        # conversion to float
+        self.assertEqual(format(0, 'f'), '0.000000')
+
+        # make sure these are errors
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 3, "1.3")  # precision disallowed
+        return
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 3, "+c")   # sign not allowed
+                                                         # with 'c'
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 3, "R")    # bogus format type
+        # conversion to string should fail
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 3, "s")
+
 def test_main():
     test_support.run_unittest(LongTest)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_string.py b/Lib/test/test_string.py
index 3b21ebc..ce9fe23 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_string.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_string.py
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@
         string.punctuation
         string.printable
 
+    def test_formatter(self):
+        fmt = string.Formatter()
+        self.assertEqual(fmt.format("foo"), "foo")
+
+        # Formatter not working you for lookups
+        #self.assertEqual(fmt.format("foo{0}", "bar"), "foobar")
+
+
     def test_maketrans(self):
         transtable = '\000\001\002\003\004\005\006\007\010\011\012\013\014\015\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037 !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`xyzdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\177\200\201\202\203\204\205\206\207\210\211\212\213\214\215\216\217\220\221\222\223\224\225\226\227\230\231\232\233\234\235\236\237\240\241\242\243\244\245\246\247\250\251\252\253\254\255\256\257\260\261\262\263\264\265\266\267\270\271\272\273\274\275\276\277\300\301\302\303\304\305\306\307\310\311\312\313\314\315\316\317\320\321\322\323\324\325\326\327\330\331\332\333\334\335\336\337\340\341\342\343\344\345\346\347\350\351\352\353\354\355\356\357\360\361\362\363\364\365\366\367\370\371\372\373\374\375\376\377'
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unicode.py b/Lib/test/test_unicode.py
index 4b582de..ff0e015 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unicode.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unicode.py
@@ -357,6 +357,218 @@
 
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, "abc".__contains__)
 
+    def test_format(self):
+        self.assertEqual(''.format(), '')
+        self.assertEqual('a'.format(), 'a')
+        self.assertEqual('ab'.format(), 'ab')
+        self.assertEqual('a{{'.format(), 'a{')
+        self.assertEqual('a}}'.format(), 'a}')
+        self.assertEqual('{{b'.format(), '{b')
+        self.assertEqual('}}b'.format(), '}b')
+        self.assertEqual('a{{b'.format(), 'a{b')
+
+        # examples from the PEP:
+        import datetime
+        self.assertEqual("My name is {0}".format('Fred'), "My name is Fred")
+        self.assertEqual("My name is {0[name]}".format(dict(name='Fred')),
+                         "My name is Fred")
+        self.assertEqual("My name is {0} :-{{}}".format('Fred'),
+                         "My name is Fred :-{}")
+
+        d = datetime.date(2007, 8, 18)
+        self.assertEqual("The year is {0.year}".format(d),
+                         "The year is 2007")
+
+        #"{0!r:20}".format("Hello")
+
+        # classes we'll use for testing
+        class C:
+            def __init__(self, x=100):
+                self._x = x
+            def __format__(self, spec):
+                return spec
+
+        class D:
+            def __init__(self, x):
+                self.x = x
+            def __format__(self, spec):
+                return str(self.x)
+
+        # class with __str__, but no __format__
+        class E:
+            def __init__(self, x):
+                self.x = x
+            def __str__(self):
+                return 'E(' + self.x + ')'
+
+        # class with __repr__, but no __format__ or __str__
+        class F:
+            def __init__(self, x):
+                self.x = x
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return 'F(' + self.x + ')'
+
+        # class with __format__ that forwards to string, for some format_spec's
+        class G:
+            def __init__(self, x):
+                self.x = x
+            def __str__(self):
+                return "string is " + self.x
+            def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                if format_spec == 'd':
+                    return 'G(' + self.x + ')'
+                return object.__format__(self, format_spec)
+
+        # class that returns a bad type from __format__
+        class H:
+            def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                return 1.0
+
+
+        self.assertEqual(''.format(), '')
+        self.assertEqual('abc'.format(), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('{0}'.format('abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:}'.format('abc'), 'abc')
+#        self.assertEqual('{ 0 }'.format('abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('X{0}'.format('abc'), 'Xabc')
+        self.assertEqual('{0}X'.format('abc'), 'abcX')
+        self.assertEqual('X{0}Y'.format('abc'), 'XabcY')
+        self.assertEqual('{1}'.format(1, 'abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('X{1}'.format(1, 'abc'), 'Xabc')
+        self.assertEqual('{1}X'.format(1, 'abc'), 'abcX')
+        self.assertEqual('X{1}Y'.format(1, 'abc'), 'XabcY')
+        self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(-15), '-15')
+        self.assertEqual('{0}{1}'.format(-15, 'abc'), '-15abc')
+        self.assertEqual('{0}X{1}'.format(-15, 'abc'), '-15Xabc')
+        self.assertEqual('{{'.format(), '{')
+        self.assertEqual('}}'.format(), '}')
+        self.assertEqual('{{}}'.format(), '{}')
+        self.assertEqual('{{x}}'.format(), '{x}')
+        self.assertEqual('{{{0}}}'.format(123), '{123}')
+        self.assertEqual('{{{{0}}}}'.format(), '{{0}}')
+        self.assertEqual('}}{{'.format(), '}{')
+        self.assertEqual('}}x{{'.format(), '}x{')
+
+        self.assertEqual('{foo._x}'.format(foo=C(20)), '20')
+        self.assertEqual('{1}{0}'.format(D(10), D(20)), '2010')
+        self.assertEqual('{0._x.x}'.format(C(D('abc'))), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('{0[0]}'.format(['abc', 'def']), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('{0[1]}'.format(['abc', 'def']), 'def')
+        self.assertEqual('{0[1][0]}'.format(['abc', ['def']]), 'def')
+        self.assertEqual('{0[1][0].x}'.format(['abc', [D('def')]]), 'def')
+
+        # I'm not sure if this should work, or if it's a problem if it does work
+        #'{0[_{foo}]}'.format({'_FOO': 'abc'}, foo='FOO')
+        #('{0[{foo}{bar}]}'.format({'FOOBAR': 'abc'}, foo='FOO', bar='BAR')
+
+        # format specifiers for built in types
+
+        # strings
+        self.assertEqual('{0:.3s}'.format('abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:.3s}'.format('ab'), 'ab')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:.3s}'.format('abcdef'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:.0s}'.format('abcdef'), '')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:3.3s}'.format('abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:2.3s}'.format('abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:2.2s}'.format('abc'), 'ab')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:3.2s}'.format('abc'), 'ab ')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:x<0s}'.format('result'), 'result')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:x<5s}'.format('result'), 'result')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:x<6s}'.format('result'), 'result')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:x<7s}'.format('result'), 'resultx')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:x<8s}'.format('result'), 'resultxx')
+        self.assertEqual('{0: <7s}'.format('result'), 'result ')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:<7s}'.format('result'), 'result ')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:>7s}'.format('result'), ' result')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:>8s}'.format('result'), '  result')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:^8s}'.format('result'), ' result ')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:^9s}'.format('result'), ' result  ')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:^10s}'.format('result'), '  result  ')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:10000}'.format('a'), 'a' + ' ' * 9999)
+        self.assertEqual('{0:10000}'.format(''), ' ' * 10000)
+        self.assertEqual('{0:10000000}'.format(''), ' ' * 10000000)
+
+        # format specifiers for user defined type
+        self.assertEqual('{0:abc}'.format(C()), 'abc')
+
+        # !r and !s coersions
+        self.assertEqual('{0!s}'.format('Hello'), 'Hello')
+        self.assertEqual('{0!s:}'.format('Hello'), 'Hello')
+        self.assertEqual('{0!s:15}'.format('Hello'), 'Hello          ')
+        self.assertEqual('{0!s:15s}'.format('Hello'), 'Hello          ')
+        self.assertEqual('{0!r}'.format('Hello'), "'Hello'")
+        self.assertEqual('{0!r:}'.format('Hello'), "'Hello'")
+        self.assertEqual('{0!r}'.format(F('Hello')), 'F(Hello)')
+
+        # XXX should pass, but currently don't
+        # format(object, "")
+
+        # test fallback to object.__format__
+        self.assertEqual('{0}'.format({}), '{}')
+        self.assertEqual('{0}'.format([]), '[]')
+        self.assertEqual('{0}'.format([1]), '[1]')
+        self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(E('data')), 'E(data)')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:^10}'.format(E('data')), ' E(data)  ')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:^10s}'.format(E('data')), ' E(data)  ')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:d}'.format(G('data')), 'G(data)')
+        self.assertEqual('{0:>15s}'.format(G('data')), ' string is data')
+        self.assertEqual('{0!s}'.format(G('data')), 'string is data')
+
+        # string format specifiers
+        self.assertEqual('{0:}'.format('a'), 'a')
+
+        # computed format specifiers
+        self.assertEqual("{0:.{1}}".format('hello world', 5), 'hello')
+        self.assertEqual("{0:.{1}s}".format('hello world', 5), 'hello')
+        self.assertEqual("{0:.{precision}s}".format('hello world', precision=5), 'hello')
+        self.assertEqual("{0:{width}.{precision}s}".format('hello world', width=10, precision=5), 'hello     ')
+        self.assertEqual("{0:{width}.{precision}s}".format('hello world', width='10', precision='5'), 'hello     ')
+
+        # test various errors
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, '{'.format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, '}'.format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, 'a{'.format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, 'a}'.format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, '{a'.format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, '}a'.format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, '{0}'.format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, '{1}'.format, 'abc')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, '{x}'.format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "}{".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "abc{0:{}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0.[]}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0[0}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0[0:foo}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{c]}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{{ {{{0}}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0}}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{foo}".format, bar=3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0!x}".format, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0!}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0!rs}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{!}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{:}".format)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{}".format)
+
+        # can't have a replacement on the field name portion
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, '{0[{1}]}'.format, 'abcdefg', 4)
+
+        # exceed maximum recursion depth
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0:{1:{2}}}".format, 'abc', 's', '')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0:{1:{2:{3:{4:{5:{6}}}}}}}".format,
+                          0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
+
+        # string format spec errors
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0:-s}".format, '')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, "", "-")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, "{0:=s}".format, '')
+
+        # check that __format__ returns a string
+        #self.assertRaises(TypeError, "{0}".format, H())
+
     def test_formatting(self):
         string_tests.MixinStrUnicodeUserStringTest.test_formatting(self)
         # Testing Unicode formatting strings...
diff --git a/Makefile.pre.in b/Makefile.pre.in
index 4e9bab1..53012e8 100644
--- a/Makefile.pre.in
+++ b/Makefile.pre.in
@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@
 		Python/traceback.o \
 		Python/getopt.o \
 		Python/pystrtod.o \
+		Python/formatter_unicode.o \
 		Python/$(DYNLOADFILE) \
 		$(MACHDEP_OBJS) \
 		$(THREADOBJ)
@@ -503,6 +504,19 @@
 Objects/unicodectype.o:	$(srcdir)/Objects/unicodectype.c \
 				$(srcdir)/Objects/unicodetype_db.h
 
+Objects/unicodeobject.o: $(srcdir)/Objects/unicodeobject.c \
+				$(srcdir)/Objects/stringlib/string_format.h \
+	                        $(srcdir)/Objects/stringlib/unicodedefs.h \
+	                        $(srcdir)/Objects/stringlib/fastsearch.h \
+	                        $(srcdir)/Objects/stringlib/count.h \
+	                        $(srcdir)/Objects/stringlib/find.h \
+	                        $(srcdir)/Objects/stringlib/partition.h
+
+Python/formatter_unicode.o: $(srcdir)/Python/formatter_unicode.c \
+	                        $(srcdir)/Objects/stringlib/formatter.h
+
+
+
 ############################################################################
 # Header files
 
@@ -527,6 +541,7 @@
 		Include/genobject.h \
 		Include/fileobject.h \
 		Include/floatobject.h \
+		Include/formatter_unicode.h \
 		Include/funcobject.h \
 		Include/import.h \
 		Include/intobject.h \
diff --git a/Objects/floatobject.c b/Objects/floatobject.c
index 09efa12..ca94750 100644
--- a/Objects/floatobject.c
+++ b/Objects/floatobject.c
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 
+#include "formatter_unicode.h"
+
 #include <ctype.h>
 
 #if !defined(__STDC__)
@@ -1015,6 +1017,21 @@
 	return PyFloat_FromDouble(0.0);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+float__format__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    /* when back porting this to 2.6, check type of the format_spec
+       and call either unicode_long__format__ or
+       string_long__format__ */
+    return unicode_float__format__(self, args);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(float__format__doc,
+"float.__format__(format_spec) -> string\n"
+"\n"
+"Formats the float according to format_spec.");
+
+
 static PyMethodDef float_methods[] = {
   	{"conjugate",	(PyCFunction)float_float,	METH_NOARGS,
 	 "Returns self, the complex conjugate of any float."},
@@ -1028,6 +1045,8 @@
 	 METH_O|METH_CLASS,		float_getformat_doc},
 	{"__setformat__",	(PyCFunction)float_setformat,	
 	 METH_VARARGS|METH_CLASS,	float_setformat_doc},
+        {"__format__",          (PyCFunction)float__format__,
+         METH_VARARGS,                  float__format__doc},
 	{NULL,		NULL}		/* sentinel */
 };
 
diff --git a/Objects/longobject.c b/Objects/longobject.c
index ddf359d..b724edf 100644
--- a/Objects/longobject.c
+++ b/Objects/longobject.c
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "longintrepr.h"
 
+#include "formatter_unicode.h"
+
 #include <ctype.h>
 
 long
@@ -3593,6 +3595,16 @@
 }
 
 static PyObject *
+long__format__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    /* when back porting this to 2.6, check type of the format_spec
+       and call either unicode_long__format__ or
+       string_long__format__ */
+    return unicode_long__format__(self, args);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
 long_round(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
 #define UNDEF_NDIGITS (-0x7fffffff) /* Unlikely ndigits value */
@@ -3632,6 +3644,7 @@
          "Rounding an Integral returns itself.\n"
 	 "Rounding with an ndigits arguments defers to float.__round__."},
 	{"__getnewargs__",	(PyCFunction)long_getnewargs,	METH_NOARGS},
+        {"__format__", (PyCFunction)long__format__, METH_VARARGS},
 	{NULL,		NULL}		/* sentinel */
 };
 
diff --git a/Objects/stringlib/formatter.h b/Objects/stringlib/formatter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b65244d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Objects/stringlib/formatter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,966 @@
+/* implements the string, long, and float formatters.  that is,
+   string.__format__, etc. */
+
+/* Before including this, you must include either:
+   stringlib/unicodedefs.h
+   stringlib/stringdefs.h
+
+   Also, you should define the names:
+   FORMAT_STRING
+   FORMAT_LONG
+   FORMAT_FLOAT
+   to be whatever you want the public names of these functions to
+   be.  These are the only non-static functions defined here.
+*/
+
+/*
+    get_integer consumes 0 or more decimal digit characters from an
+    input string, updates *result with the corresponding positive
+    integer, and returns the number of digits consumed.
+
+    returns -1 on error.
+*/
+static int
+get_integer(STRINGLIB_CHAR **ptr, STRINGLIB_CHAR *end,
+                  Py_ssize_t *result)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t accumulator, digitval, oldaccumulator;
+    int numdigits;
+    accumulator = numdigits = 0;
+    for (;;(*ptr)++, numdigits++) {
+        if (*ptr >= end)
+            break;
+        digitval = STRINGLIB_TODECIMAL(**ptr);
+        if (digitval < 0)
+            break;
+        /*
+           This trick was copied from old Unicode format code.  It's cute,
+           but would really suck on an old machine with a slow divide
+           implementation.  Fortunately, in the normal case we do not
+           expect too many digits.
+        */
+        oldaccumulator = accumulator;
+        accumulator *= 10;
+        if ((accumulator+10)/10 != oldaccumulator+1) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                         "Too many decimal digits in format string");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        accumulator += digitval;
+    }
+    *result = accumulator;
+    return numdigits;
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*********** standard format specifier parsing **************************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* returns true if this character is a specifier alignment token */
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
+is_alignment_token(STRINGLIB_CHAR c)
+{
+    switch (c) {
+    case '<': case '>': case '=': case '^':
+        return 1;
+    default:
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/* returns true if this character is a sign element */
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
+is_sign_element(STRINGLIB_CHAR c)
+{
+    switch (c) {
+    case ' ': case '+': case '-': case '(':
+        return 1;
+    default:
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR fill_char;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR align;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR sign;
+    Py_ssize_t width;
+    Py_ssize_t precision;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR type;
+} InternalFormatSpec;
+
+/*
+  ptr points to the start of the format_spec, end points just past its end.
+  fills in format with the parsed information.
+  returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.
+  if failure, sets the exception
+*/
+static int
+parse_internal_render_format_spec(PyObject *format_spec,
+                                  InternalFormatSpec *format,
+                                  char default_type)
+{
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *ptr = STRINGLIB_STR(format_spec);
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *end = ptr + STRINGLIB_LEN(format_spec);
+
+    /* end-ptr is used throughout this code to specify the length of
+       the input string */
+
+    Py_ssize_t specified_width;
+
+    format->fill_char = '\0';
+    format->align = '\0';
+    format->sign = '\0';
+    format->width = -1;
+    format->precision = -1;
+    format->type = default_type;
+
+    /* If the second char is an alignment token,
+       then parse the fill char */
+    if (end-ptr >= 2 && is_alignment_token(ptr[1])) {
+        format->align = ptr[1];
+        format->fill_char = ptr[0];
+        ptr += 2;
+    } else if (end-ptr >= 1 && is_alignment_token(ptr[0])) {
+        format->align = ptr[0];
+        ptr++;
+    }
+
+    /* Parse the various sign options */
+    if (end-ptr >= 1 && is_sign_element(ptr[0])) {
+        format->sign = ptr[0];
+        ptr++;
+        if (end-ptr >= 1 && ptr[0] == ')') {
+            ptr++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* The special case for 0-padding (backwards compat) */
+    if (format->fill_char == '\0' &&
+            end-ptr >= 1 && ptr[0] == '0') {
+        format->fill_char = '0';
+        if (format->align == '\0') {
+            format->align = '=';
+        }
+        ptr++;
+    }
+
+    /* XXX add error checking */
+    specified_width = get_integer(&ptr, end, &format->width);
+
+    /* if specified_width is 0, we didn't consume any characters for
+       the width. in that case, reset the width to -1, because
+       get_integer() will have set it to zero */
+    if (specified_width == 0) {
+        format->width = -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Parse field precision */
+    if (end-ptr && ptr[0] == '.') {
+        ptr++;
+
+        /* XXX add error checking */
+        specified_width = get_integer(&ptr, end, &format->precision);
+
+        /* not having a precision after a dot is an error */
+        if (specified_width == 0) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                         "Format specifier missing precision");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /* Finally, parse the type field */
+
+    if (end-ptr > 1) {
+        /* invalid conversion spec */
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Invalid conversion specification");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (end-ptr == 1) {
+        format->type = ptr[0];
+        ptr++;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*********** common routines for numeric formatting *********************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* describes the layout for an integer, see the comment in
+   _calc_integer_widths() for details */
+typedef struct {
+    Py_ssize_t n_lpadding;
+    Py_ssize_t n_spadding;
+    Py_ssize_t n_rpadding;
+    char lsign;
+    Py_ssize_t n_lsign;
+    char rsign;
+    Py_ssize_t n_rsign;
+    Py_ssize_t n_total; /* just a convenience, it's derivable from the
+                           other fields */
+} NumberFieldWidths;
+
+/* not all fields of format are used.  for example, precision is
+   unused.  should this take discrete params in order to be more clear
+   about what it does?  or is passing a single format parameter easier
+   and more efficient enough to justify a little obfuscation? */
+static void
+calc_number_widths(NumberFieldWidths *r, STRINGLIB_CHAR actual_sign,
+                   Py_ssize_t n_digits, const InternalFormatSpec *format)
+{
+    r->n_lpadding = 0;
+    r->n_spadding = 0;
+    r->n_rpadding = 0;
+    r->lsign = '\0';
+    r->n_lsign = 0;
+    r->rsign = '\0';
+    r->n_rsign = 0;
+
+    /* the output will look like:
+       |                                                           |
+       | <lpadding> <lsign> <spadding> <digits> <rsign> <rpadding> |
+       |                                                           |
+
+       lsign and rsign are computed from format->sign and the actual
+       sign of the number
+
+       digits is already known
+
+       the total width is either given, or computed from the
+       actual digits
+
+       only one of lpadding, spadding, and rpadding can be non-zero,
+       and it's calculated from the width and other fields
+    */
+
+    /* compute the various parts we're going to write */
+    if (format->sign == '+') {
+        /* always put a + or - */
+        r->n_lsign = 1;
+        r->lsign = (actual_sign == '-' ? '-' : '+');
+    } else if (format->sign == '(') {
+        if (actual_sign == '-') {
+            r->n_lsign = 1;
+            r->lsign = '(';
+            r->n_rsign = 1;
+            r->rsign = ')';
+        }
+    } else if (format->sign == ' ') {
+        r->n_lsign = 1;
+        r->lsign = (actual_sign == '-' ? '-' : ' ');
+    } else {
+        /* non specified, or the default (-) */
+        if (actual_sign == '-') {
+            r->n_lsign = 1;
+            r->lsign = '-';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* now the number of padding characters */
+    if (format->width == -1) {
+        /* no padding at all, nothing to do */
+    } else {
+        /* see if any padding is needed */
+        if (r->n_lsign + n_digits + r->n_rsign >= format->width) {
+            /* no padding needed, we're already bigger than the
+               requested width */
+        } else {
+            /* determine which of left, space, or right padding is
+               needed */
+            Py_ssize_t padding = format->width - (r->n_lsign + n_digits + r->n_rsign);
+            if (format->align == '<')
+                r->n_rpadding = padding;
+            else if (format->align == '>')
+                r->n_lpadding = padding;
+            else if (format->align == '^') {
+                r->n_lpadding = padding / 2;
+                r->n_rpadding = padding - r->n_lpadding;
+            } else
+                /* must be '=' */
+                r->n_spadding = padding;
+        }
+    }
+    r->n_total = r->n_lpadding + r->n_lsign + r->n_spadding +
+        n_digits + r->n_rsign + r->n_rpadding;
+}
+
+/* fill in the non-digit parts of a numbers's string representation,
+   as determined in _calc_integer_widths().  returns the pointer to
+   where the digits go. */
+static STRINGLIB_CHAR *
+fill_number(STRINGLIB_CHAR *p_buf, const NumberFieldWidths *spec,
+            Py_ssize_t n_digits, STRINGLIB_CHAR fill_char)
+{
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR* p_digits;
+
+    if (spec->n_lpadding) {
+        STRINGLIB_FILL(p_buf, fill_char, spec->n_lpadding);
+        p_buf += spec->n_lpadding;
+    }
+    if (spec->n_lsign == 1) {
+        *p_buf++ = spec->lsign;
+    }
+    if (spec->n_spadding) {
+        STRINGLIB_FILL(p_buf, fill_char, spec->n_spadding);
+        p_buf += spec->n_spadding;
+    }
+    p_digits = p_buf;
+    p_buf += n_digits;
+    if (spec->n_rsign == 1) {
+        *p_buf++ = spec->rsign;
+    }
+    if (spec->n_rpadding) {
+        STRINGLIB_FILL(p_buf, fill_char, spec->n_rpadding);
+        p_buf += spec->n_rpadding;
+    }
+    return p_digits;
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*********** string formatting ******************************************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+static PyObject *
+format_string_internal(PyObject *value, const InternalFormatSpec *format)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t width; /* total field width */
+    Py_ssize_t lpad;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *dst;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *src = STRINGLIB_STR(value);
+    Py_ssize_t len = STRINGLIB_LEN(value);
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+
+    /* sign is not allowed on strings */
+    if (format->sign != '\0') {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "Sign not allowed in string format specifier");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* '=' alignment not allowed on strings */
+    if (format->align == '=') {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "'=' alignment not allowed "
+                        "in string format specifier");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* if precision is specified, output no more that format.precision
+       characters */
+    if (format->precision >= 0 && len >= format->precision) {
+        len = format->precision;
+    }
+
+    if (format->width >= 0) {
+        width = format->width;
+
+        /* but use at least len characters */
+        if (len > width) {
+            width = len;
+        }
+    } else {
+        /* not specified, use all of the chars and no more */
+        width = len;
+    }
+
+    /* allocate the resulting string */
+    result = STRINGLIB_NEW(NULL, width);
+    if (result == NULL)
+        goto done;
+
+    /* now write into that space */
+    dst = STRINGLIB_STR(result);
+
+    /* figure out how much leading space we need, based on the
+       aligning */
+    if (format->align == '>')
+        lpad = width - len;
+    else if (format->align == '^')
+        lpad = (width - len) / 2;
+    else
+        lpad = 0;
+
+    /* if right aligning, increment the destination allow space on the
+       left */
+    memcpy(dst + lpad, src, len * sizeof(STRINGLIB_CHAR));
+
+    /* do any padding */
+    if (width > len) {
+        STRINGLIB_CHAR fill_char = format->fill_char;
+        if (fill_char == '\0') {
+            /* use the default, if not specified */
+            fill_char = ' ';
+        }
+
+        /* pad on left */
+        if (lpad)
+            STRINGLIB_FILL(dst, fill_char, lpad);
+
+        /* pad on right */
+        if (width - len - lpad)
+            STRINGLIB_FILL(dst + len + lpad, fill_char, width - len - lpad);
+    }
+
+done:
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*********** long formatting ********************************************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+static PyObject *
+format_long_internal(PyObject *value, const InternalFormatSpec *format)
+{
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    int total_leading_chars_to_skip = 0; /* also includes sign, if
+                                            present */
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR sign = '\0';
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *p;
+    Py_ssize_t n_digits;       /* count of digits need from the computed
+                                  string */
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+    Py_ssize_t tmp;
+    NumberFieldWidths spec;
+    long x;
+
+    /* no precision allowed on integers */
+    if (format->precision != -1) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "Precision not allowed in integer format specifier");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+
+    /* special case for character formatting */
+    if (format->type == 'c') {
+        /* error to specify a sign */
+        if (format->sign != '\0') {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "Sign not allowed with integer"
+                            " format specifier 'c'");
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        /* taken from unicodeobject.c formatchar() */
+        /* Integer input truncated to a character */
+        x = PyInt_AsLong(value);
+        if (x == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+            goto done;
+#ifdef Py_UNICODE_WIDE
+        if (x < 0 || x > 0x10ffff) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "%c arg not in range(0x110000) "
+                            "(wide Python build)");
+            goto done;
+        }
+#else
+        if (x < 0 || x > 0xffff) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "%c arg not in range(0x10000) "
+                            "(narrow Python build)");
+            goto done;
+        }
+#endif
+        result = STRINGLIB_NEW(NULL, 1);
+        if (result == NULL)
+            goto done;
+        p = STRINGLIB_STR(result);
+        p[0] = (Py_UNICODE) x;
+        n_digits = len = 1;
+    } else {
+        int base;
+        int format_leading_chars_to_skip;  /* characters added by
+                                              PyNumber_ToBase that we
+                                              want to skip over.
+                                              instead of using them,
+                                              we'll compute our
+                                              own. */
+        /* compute the base and how many characters will be added by
+           PyNumber_ToBase */
+        switch (format->type) {
+        case 'b':
+            base = 2;
+            format_leading_chars_to_skip = 2; /* 0b */
+            break;
+        case 'o':
+            base = 8;
+            format_leading_chars_to_skip = 2; /* 0o */
+            break;
+        case 'x':
+        case 'X':
+            base = 16;
+            format_leading_chars_to_skip = 2; /* 0x */
+            break;
+        default:  /* shouldn't be needed, but stops a compiler warning */
+        case 'd':
+            base = 10;
+            format_leading_chars_to_skip = 0;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* do the hard part, converting to a string in a given base */
+        result = PyNumber_ToBase(value, base);
+        if (result == NULL)
+            goto done;
+
+        n_digits = STRINGLIB_LEN(result);
+        len = n_digits;
+        p = STRINGLIB_STR(result);
+
+        /* if X, convert to uppercase */
+        if (format->type == 'X')
+            for (tmp = 0; tmp < len; tmp++)
+                p[tmp] = STRINGLIB_TOUPPER(p[tmp]);
+
+        /* is a sign character present in the output?  if so, remember it
+           and skip it */
+        sign = p[0];
+        if (sign == '-') {
+            total_leading_chars_to_skip += 1;
+            n_digits--;
+        }
+
+        /* skip over the leading digits (0x, 0b, etc.) */
+        assert(n_digits >= format_leading_chars_to_skip + 1);
+        n_digits -= format_leading_chars_to_skip;
+        total_leading_chars_to_skip += format_leading_chars_to_skip;
+    }
+
+    calc_number_widths(&spec, sign, n_digits, format);
+
+    /* if the buffer is getting bigger, realloc it.  if it's getting
+       smaller, don't realloc because we need to move the results
+       around first.  realloc after we've done that */
+
+    if (spec.n_total > len) {
+        if (STRINGLIB_RESIZE(&result, spec.n_total) < 0)
+            goto done;
+        /* recalc, because string might have moved */
+        p = STRINGLIB_STR(result);
+    }
+
+    /* copy the characters into position first, since we're going to
+       overwrite some of that space */
+    /* we need to move if the number of left padding in the output is
+       different from the number of characters we need to skip */
+    if ((spec.n_lpadding + spec.n_lsign + spec.n_spadding) !=
+          total_leading_chars_to_skip) {
+        memmove(p + (spec.n_lpadding + spec.n_lsign + spec.n_spadding),
+                p + total_leading_chars_to_skip,
+                n_digits * sizeof(STRINGLIB_CHAR));
+    }
+
+    /* now fill in the non-digit parts */
+    fill_number(p, &spec, n_digits,
+                format->fill_char == '\0' ? ' ' : format->fill_char);
+
+    /* if we're getting smaller, realloc now */
+    if (spec.n_total < len) {
+        if (STRINGLIB_RESIZE(&result, spec.n_total) < 0)
+            goto done;
+    }
+
+done:
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*********** float formatting *******************************************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* taken from unicodeobject.c */
+static Py_ssize_t
+strtounicode(Py_UNICODE *buffer, const char *charbuffer)
+{
+    register Py_ssize_t i;
+    Py_ssize_t len = strlen(charbuffer);
+    for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+	buffer[i] = (Py_UNICODE) charbuffer[i];
+
+    return len;
+}
+
+/* the callback function to call to do the actual float formatting.
+   it matches the definition of PyOS_ascii_formatd */
+typedef char*
+(*DoubleSnprintfFunction)(char *buffer, size_t buf_len,
+                          const char *format, double d);
+
+/* just a wrapper to make PyOS_snprintf look like DoubleSnprintfFunction */
+static char*
+snprintf_double(char *buffer, size_t buf_len, const char *format, double d)
+{
+    PyOS_snprintf(buffer, buf_len, format, d);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* see FORMATBUFLEN in unicodeobject.c */
+#define FLOAT_FORMATBUFLEN 120
+
+/* much of this is taken from unicodeobject.c */
+/* use type instead of format->type, so that it can be overridden by
+   format_number() */
+static PyObject *
+_format_float(STRINGLIB_CHAR type, PyObject *value,
+              const InternalFormatSpec *format,
+              DoubleSnprintfFunction snprintf)
+{
+    /* fmt = '%.' + `prec` + `type` + '%%'
+       worst case length = 2 + 10 (len of INT_MAX) + 1 + 2 = 15 (use 20)*/
+    char fmt[20];
+
+    /* taken from unicodeobject.c */
+    /* Worst case length calc to ensure no buffer overrun:
+
+       'g' formats:
+	 fmt = %#.<prec>g
+	 buf = '-' + [0-9]*prec + '.' + 'e+' + (longest exp
+	    for any double rep.)
+	 len = 1 + prec + 1 + 2 + 5 = 9 + prec
+
+       'f' formats:
+	 buf = '-' + [0-9]*x + '.' + [0-9]*prec (with x < 50)
+	 len = 1 + 50 + 1 + prec = 52 + prec
+
+       If prec=0 the effective precision is 1 (the leading digit is
+       always given), therefore increase the length by one.
+
+    */
+    char charbuf[FLOAT_FORMATBUFLEN];
+    Py_ssize_t n_digits;
+    double x;
+    Py_ssize_t precision = format->precision;
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR sign;
+    char* trailing = "";
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *p;
+    NumberFieldWidths spec;
+
+#if STRINGLIB_IS_UNICODE
+    Py_UNICODE unicodebuf[FLOAT_FORMATBUFLEN];
+#endif
+
+    /* first, do the conversion as 8-bit chars, using the platform's
+       snprintf.  then, if needed, convert to unicode. */
+
+    /* 'F' is the same as 'f', per the PEP */
+    if (type == 'F')
+        type = 'f';
+
+    x = PyFloat_AsDouble(value);
+
+    if (x == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred())
+	goto done;
+
+    if (type == '%') {
+        type = 'f';
+        x *= 100;
+        trailing = "%";
+    }
+
+    if (precision < 0)
+	precision = 6;
+    if (type == 'f' && (fabs(x) / 1e25) >= 1e25)
+	type = 'g';
+
+    /* cast "type", because if we're in unicode we need to pass a
+       8-bit char.  this is safe, because we've restricted what "type"
+       can be */
+    PyOS_snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), "%%.%zd%c", precision, (char)type);
+
+    /* call the passed in function to do the actual formatting */
+    snprintf(charbuf, sizeof(charbuf), fmt, x);
+
+    /* adding trailing to fmt with PyOS_snprintf doesn't work, not
+       sure why.  we'll just concatentate it here, no harm done.  we
+       know we can't have a buffer overflow from the fmt size
+       analysis */
+    strcat(charbuf, trailing);
+
+    /* rather than duplicate the code for snprintf for both unicode
+       and 8 bit strings, we just use the 8 bit version and then
+       convert to unicode in a separate code path.  that's probably
+       the lesser of 2 evils. */
+#if STRINGLIB_IS_UNICODE
+    n_digits = strtounicode(unicodebuf, charbuf);
+    p = unicodebuf;
+#else
+    /* compute the length.  I believe this is done because the return
+       value from snprintf above is unreliable */
+    n_digits = strlen(charbuf);
+    p = charbuf;
+#endif
+
+    /* is a sign character present in the output?  if so, remember it
+       and skip it */
+    sign = p[0];
+    if (sign == '-') {
+        p++;
+        n_digits--;
+    }
+
+    calc_number_widths(&spec, sign, n_digits, format);
+
+    /* allocate a string with enough space */
+    result = STRINGLIB_NEW(NULL, spec.n_total);
+    if (result == NULL)
+        goto done;
+
+    /* fill in the non-digit parts */
+    fill_number(STRINGLIB_STR(result), &spec, n_digits,
+                format->fill_char == '\0' ? ' ' : format->fill_char);
+
+    /* fill in the digit parts */
+    memmove(STRINGLIB_STR(result) + (spec.n_lpadding + spec.n_lsign + spec.n_spadding),
+            p,
+            n_digits * sizeof(STRINGLIB_CHAR));
+
+done:
+    return result;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+format_float_internal(PyObject *value, const InternalFormatSpec *format)
+{
+    if (format->type == 'n')
+        return _format_float('f', value, format, snprintf_double);
+    else
+        return _format_float(format->type, value, format, PyOS_ascii_formatd);
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*********** built in formatters ****************************************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+PyObject *
+FORMAT_STRING(PyObject* value, PyObject* args)
+{
+    PyObject *format_spec;
+    PyObject *tmp = NULL;
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    InternalFormatSpec format;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:__format__", &format_spec))
+        goto done;
+    if (!STRINGLIB_CHECK(format_spec)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, STRINGLIB_TYPE_NAME " object required");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* check for the special case of zero length format spec, make
+       it equivalent to str(value) */
+    if (STRINGLIB_LEN(format_spec) == 0) {
+        result = STRINGLIB_TOSTR(value);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* parse the format_spec */
+    if (!parse_internal_render_format_spec(format_spec, &format, 's'))
+        goto done;
+
+    /* type conversion? */
+    switch (format.type) {
+    case 's':
+        /* no type conversion needed, already a string.  do the formatting */
+        result = format_string_internal(value, &format);
+        break;
+#if 0
+    case 'b':
+    case 'c':
+    case 'd':
+    case 'o':
+    case 'x':
+    case 'X':
+        /* convert to integer */
+        /* XXX: make a stringlib function to do this when backporting,
+           since FromUnicode differs from FromString */
+        tmp = PyLong_FromUnicode(STRINGLIB_STR(value), STRINGLIB_LEN(value), 0);
+        if (tmp == NULL)
+            goto done;
+        result = format_long_internal(tmp, &format);
+        break;
+
+    case 'e':
+    case 'E':
+    case 'f':
+    case 'F':
+    case 'g':
+    case 'G':
+    case 'n':
+    case '%':
+        /* convert to float */
+        tmp = PyFloat_FromString(value);
+        if (tmp == NULL)
+            goto done;
+        result = format_float_internal(tmp, &format);
+        break;
+#endif
+    default:
+        /* unknown */
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown conversion type %c",
+                     format.type);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+done:
+    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
+    return result;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+FORMAT_LONG(PyObject* value, PyObject* args)
+{
+    PyObject *format_spec;
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    PyObject *tmp = NULL;
+    InternalFormatSpec format;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:__format__", &format_spec))
+        goto done;
+    if (!STRINGLIB_CHECK(format_spec)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, STRINGLIB_TYPE_NAME " object required");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* check for the special case of zero length format spec, make
+       it equivalent to str(value) */
+    if (STRINGLIB_LEN(format_spec) == 0) {
+        result = STRINGLIB_TOSTR(value);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* parse the format_spec */
+    if (!parse_internal_render_format_spec(format_spec, &format, 'd'))
+        goto done;
+
+    /* type conversion? */
+    switch (format.type) {
+#if 0
+    case 's':
+        /* convert to string/unicode */
+        tmp = STRINGLIB_TOSTR(value);
+        if (tmp == NULL)
+            goto done;
+        result = format_string_internal(tmp, &format);
+        break;
+#endif
+    case 'b':
+    case 'c':
+    case 'd':
+    case 'o':
+    case 'x':
+    case 'X':
+        /* no type conversion needed, already an int.  do the formatting */
+        result = format_long_internal(value, &format);
+        break;
+
+    case 'e':
+    case 'E':
+    case 'f':
+    case 'F':
+    case 'g':
+    case 'G':
+    case 'n':
+    case '%':
+        /* convert to float */
+        tmp = PyNumber_Float(value);
+        if (tmp == NULL)
+            goto done;
+        result = format_float_internal(value, &format);
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        /* unknown */
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown conversion type %c",
+                     format.type);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+done:
+    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
+    return result;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+FORMAT_FLOAT(PyObject *value, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *format_spec;
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    PyObject *tmp = NULL;
+    InternalFormatSpec format;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:__format__", &format_spec))
+        goto done;
+    if (!STRINGLIB_CHECK(format_spec)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, STRINGLIB_TYPE_NAME " object required");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* check for the special case of zero length format spec, make
+       it equivalent to str(value) */
+    if (STRINGLIB_LEN(format_spec) == 0) {
+        result = STRINGLIB_TOSTR(value);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* parse the format_spec */
+    if (!parse_internal_render_format_spec(format_spec, &format, 'g'))
+        goto done;
+
+    /* type conversion? */
+    switch (format.type) {
+#if 0
+    case 's':
+        /* convert to string/unicode */
+        tmp = STRINGLIB_TOSTR(value);
+        if (tmp == NULL)
+            goto done;
+        result = format_string_internal(tmp, &format);
+        break;
+#endif
+    case 'b':
+    case 'c':
+    case 'd':
+    case 'o':
+    case 'x':
+    case 'X':
+        /* convert to integer */
+        tmp = PyNumber_Long(value);
+        if (tmp == NULL)
+            goto done;
+        result = format_long_internal(tmp, &format);
+        break;
+
+    case 'e':
+    case 'E':
+    case 'f':
+    case 'F':
+    case 'g':
+    case 'G':
+    case 'n':
+    case '%':
+        /* no conversion, already a float.  do the formatting */
+        result = format_float_internal(value, &format);
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        /* unknown */
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown conversion type %c",
+                     format.type);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+done:
+    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
+    return result;
+}
diff --git a/Objects/stringlib/string_format.h b/Objects/stringlib/string_format.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5803216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Objects/stringlib/string_format.h
@@ -0,0 +1,831 @@
+/*
+    string_format.h -- implementation of string.format().
+
+    It uses the Objects/stringlib conventions, so that it can be
+    compiled for both unicode and string objects.
+*/
+
+
+/* Defines for more efficiently reallocating the string buffer */
+#define INITIAL_SIZE_INCREMENT 100
+#define SIZE_MULTIPLIER 2
+#define MAX_SIZE_INCREMENT  3200
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/***********   Global data structures and forward declarations  *********/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+   A SubString consists of the characters between two string or
+   unicode pointers.
+*/
+typedef struct {
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *ptr;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *end;
+} SubString;
+
+
+/* forward declaration for recursion */
+static PyObject *
+build_string(SubString *input, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs,
+             int *recursion_level);
+
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/**************************  Utility  functions  ************************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* fill in a SubString from a pointer and length */
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(void)
+SubString_init(SubString *str, STRINGLIB_CHAR *p, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    str->ptr = p;
+    if (p == NULL)
+        str->end = NULL;
+    else
+        str->end = str->ptr + len;
+}
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+SubString_new_object(SubString *str)
+{
+    return STRINGLIB_NEW(str->ptr, str->end - str->ptr);
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/***********      Error handling and exception generation  **************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+    Most of our errors are value errors, because to Python, the
+    format string is a "value".  Also, it's convenient to return
+    a NULL when we are erroring out.
+
+    XXX: need better error handling, per PEP 3101.
+*/
+static void *
+SetError(const char *s)
+{
+    /* PyErr_Format always returns NULL */
+    return PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "%s in format string", s);
+}
+
+/*
+    check_input returns True if we still have characters
+    left in the input string.
+
+    XXX: make this function go away when better error handling is
+    implemented.
+*/
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
+check_input(SubString *input)
+{
+    if (input->ptr < input->end)
+        return 1;
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "unterminated replacement field");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/***********    Output string management functions       ****************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *ptr;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *end;
+    PyObject *obj;
+    Py_ssize_t size_increment;
+} OutputString;
+
+/* initialize an OutputString object, reserving size characters */
+static int
+output_initialize(OutputString *output, Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    output->obj = STRINGLIB_NEW(NULL, size);
+    if (output->obj == NULL)
+        return 0;
+
+    output->ptr = STRINGLIB_STR(output->obj);
+    output->end = STRINGLIB_LEN(output->obj) + output->ptr;
+    output->size_increment = INITIAL_SIZE_INCREMENT;
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+    output_extend reallocates the output string buffer.
+    It returns a status:  0 for a failed reallocation,
+    1 for success.
+*/
+
+static int
+output_extend(OutputString *output, Py_ssize_t count)
+{
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *startptr = STRINGLIB_STR(output->obj);
+    Py_ssize_t curlen = output->ptr - startptr;
+    Py_ssize_t maxlen = curlen + count + output->size_increment;
+
+    if (STRINGLIB_RESIZE(&output->obj, maxlen) < 0)
+        return 0;
+    startptr = STRINGLIB_STR(output->obj);
+    output->ptr = startptr + curlen;
+    output->end = startptr + maxlen;
+    if (output->size_increment < MAX_SIZE_INCREMENT)
+        output->size_increment *= SIZE_MULTIPLIER;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+    output_data dumps characters into our output string
+    buffer.
+
+    In some cases, it has to reallocate the string.
+
+    It returns a status:  0 for a failed reallocation,
+    1 for success.
+*/
+static int
+output_data(OutputString *output, const STRINGLIB_CHAR *s, Py_ssize_t count)
+{
+    if ((count > output->end - output->ptr) && !output_extend(output, count))
+        return 0;
+    memcpy(output->ptr, s, count * sizeof(STRINGLIB_CHAR));
+    output->ptr += count;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/***********  Format string parsing -- integers and identifiers *********/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+    end_identifier returns true if a character marks
+    the end of an identifier string.
+
+    Although the PEP specifies that identifiers are
+    numbers or valid Python identifiers, we just let
+    getattr/getitem handle that, so the implementation
+    is more flexible than the PEP would indicate.
+*/
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
+end_identifier(STRINGLIB_CHAR c)
+{
+    switch (c) {
+    case '.': case '[': case ']':
+        return 1;
+    default:
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+    get_integer consumes 0 or more decimal digit characters from an
+    input string, updates *result with the corresponding positive
+    integer, and returns the number of digits consumed.
+
+    returns -1 on error.
+*/
+static int
+get_integer(STRINGLIB_CHAR **ptr, STRINGLIB_CHAR *end,
+                  Py_ssize_t *result)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t accumulator, digitval, oldaccumulator;
+    int numdigits;
+    accumulator = numdigits = 0;
+    for (;;(*ptr)++, numdigits++) {
+        if (*ptr >= end)
+            break;
+        digitval = STRINGLIB_TODECIMAL(**ptr);
+        if (digitval < 0)
+            break;
+        /*
+           This trick was copied from old Unicode format code.  It's cute,
+           but would really suck on an old machine with a slow divide
+           implementation.  Fortunately, in the normal case we do not
+           expect too many digits.
+        */
+        oldaccumulator = accumulator;
+        accumulator *= 10;
+        if ((accumulator+10)/10 != oldaccumulator+1) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                         "Too many decimal digits in format string");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        accumulator += digitval;
+    }
+    *result = accumulator;
+    return numdigits;
+}
+
+/*
+    get_identifier is a bit of a misnomer.  It returns a value for use
+    with getattr or getindex.  This value will a string/unicode
+    object. The input cannot be zero length.  Continues until end of
+    input, or end_identifier() returns true.
+*/
+static PyObject *
+get_identifier(SubString *input)
+{
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *start;
+
+    for (start = input->ptr;
+         input->ptr < input->end && !end_identifier(*input->ptr);
+         input->ptr++)
+        ;
+
+    return  STRINGLIB_NEW(start, input->ptr - start);
+
+    /*
+        We might want to add code here to check for invalid Python
+        identifiers.  All identifiers are eventually passed to getattr
+        or getitem, so there is a check when used.  However, we might
+        want to remove (or not) the ability to have strings like
+        "a/b" or " ab" or "-1" (which is not parsed as a number).
+        For now, this is left as an exercise for the first disgruntled
+        user...
+
+    if (XXX -- need check function) {
+        Py_DECREF(result);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                      "Invalid embedded Python identifier");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    */
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/******** Functions to get field objects and specification strings ******/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* get_field_and_spec is the main function in this section.  It parses
+   the format string well enough to return a field object to render along
+   with a field specification string.
+*/
+
+/*
+    look up key in our keyword arguments
+*/
+static PyObject *
+key_lookup(PyObject *kwargs, PyObject *key)
+{
+    PyObject *result;
+
+    if (kwargs && (result = PyDict_GetItem(kwargs, key)) != NULL) {
+        Py_INCREF(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+    get_field_object returns the object inside {}, before the
+    format_spec.  It handles getindex and getattr lookups and consumes
+    the entire input string.
+*/
+static PyObject *
+get_field_object(SubString *input, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    PyObject *myobj, *subobj, *newobj;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR c;
+    Py_ssize_t index;
+    int isindex, isnumeric, isargument;
+
+    index = isnumeric = 0;  /* Just to shut up the compiler warnings */
+
+    myobj = args;
+    Py_INCREF(myobj);
+
+    for (isindex=1, isargument=1;;) {
+        if (!check_input(input))
+            break;
+        if (!isindex) {
+            if ((subobj = get_identifier(input)) == NULL)
+                break;
+            newobj = PyObject_GetAttr(myobj, subobj);
+            Py_DECREF(subobj);
+        } else {
+            isnumeric = (STRINGLIB_ISDECIMAL(*input->ptr));
+            if (isnumeric)
+                /* XXX: add error checking */
+                get_integer(&input->ptr, input->end, &index);
+
+            if (isnumeric && PySequence_Check(myobj))
+                newobj = PySequence_GetItem(myobj, index);
+            else {
+                /* XXX -- do we need PyLong_FromLongLong?
+                                   Using ssizet, not int... */
+                subobj = isnumeric ?
+                          PyInt_FromLong(index) :
+                          get_identifier(input);
+                if (subobj == NULL)
+                    break;
+                if (isargument) {
+                    newobj = key_lookup(kwargs, subobj);
+                } else {
+                    newobj = PyObject_GetItem(myobj, subobj);
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(subobj);
+            }
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(myobj);
+        myobj = newobj;
+        if (myobj == NULL)
+            break;
+        if (!isargument && isindex)
+            if  ((!check_input(input)) || (*(input->ptr++) != ']')) {
+                SetError("Expected ]");
+                break;
+            }
+
+        /* if at the end of input, return with myobj */
+        if (input->ptr >= input->end)
+            return myobj;
+
+        c = *input->ptr;
+        input->ptr++;
+        isargument = 0;
+        isindex = (c == '[');
+        if (!isindex && (c != '.')) {
+           SetError("Expected ., [, :, !, or }");
+           break;
+        }
+    }
+    if ((myobj == NULL) && isargument) {
+        /* XXX: include more useful error information, like which
+         * keyword not found or which index missing */
+       PyErr_Clear();
+       return SetError(isnumeric
+            ? "Not enough positional arguments"
+            : "Keyword argument not found");
+    }
+    Py_XDECREF(myobj);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*****************  Field rendering functions  **************************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+    render_field() is the main function in this section.  It takes the
+    field object and field specification string generated by
+    get_field_and_spec, and renders the field into the output string.
+
+    format() does the actual calling of the objects __format__ method.
+*/
+
+
+/* returns fieldobj.__format__(format_spec) */
+static PyObject *
+format(PyObject *fieldobj, SubString *format_spec)
+{
+    static PyObject *format_str = NULL;
+    PyObject *meth;
+    PyObject *spec = NULL;
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+
+    /* Initialize cached value */
+    if (format_str == NULL) {
+        /* Initialize static variable needed by _PyType_Lookup */
+        format_str = PyUnicode_FromString("__format__");
+        if (format_str == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Make sure the type is initialized.  float gets initialized late */
+    if (Py_Type(fieldobj)->tp_dict == NULL)
+        if (PyType_Ready(Py_Type(fieldobj)) < 0)
+            return NULL;
+
+    /* we need to create an object out of the pointers we have */
+    spec = SubString_new_object(format_spec);
+    if (spec == NULL)
+        goto done;
+
+    /* Find the (unbound!) __format__ method (a borrowed reference) */
+    meth = _PyType_Lookup(Py_Type(fieldobj), format_str);
+    if (meth == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "Type %.100s doesn't define __format__",
+                     Py_Type(fieldobj)->tp_name);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* And call it, binding it to the value */
+    result = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(meth, fieldobj, spec, NULL);
+    if (result == NULL)
+        goto done;
+
+    if (!STRINGLIB_CHECK(result)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "__format__ method did not return "
+                        STRINGLIB_TYPE_NAME);
+        Py_DECREF(result);
+        result = NULL;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+done:
+    Py_XDECREF(spec);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+    render_field calls fieldobj.__format__(format_spec) method, and
+    appends to the output.
+*/
+static int
+render_field(PyObject *fieldobj, SubString *format_spec, OutputString *output)
+{
+    int ok = 0;
+    PyObject *result = format(fieldobj, format_spec);
+
+    if (result == NULL)
+        goto done;
+
+    ok = output_data(output,
+                     STRINGLIB_STR(result), STRINGLIB_LEN(result));
+done:
+    Py_XDECREF(result);
+    return ok;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_field(SubString *str, SubString *field_name, SubString *format_spec,
+            STRINGLIB_CHAR *conversion)
+{
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR c = 0;
+
+    /* initialize these, as they may be empty */
+    *conversion = '\0';
+    SubString_init(format_spec, NULL, 0);
+
+    /* search for the field name.  it's terminated by the end of the
+       string, or a ':' or '!' */
+    field_name->ptr = str->ptr;
+    while (str->ptr < str->end) {
+        switch (c = *(str->ptr++)) {
+        case ':':
+        case '!':
+            break;
+        default:
+            continue;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (c == '!' || c == ':') {
+        /* we have a format specifier and/or a conversion */
+        /* don't include the last character */
+        field_name->end = str->ptr-1;
+
+        /* the format specifier is the rest of the string */
+        format_spec->ptr = str->ptr;
+        format_spec->end = str->end;
+
+        /* see if there's a conversion specifier */
+        if (c == '!') {
+            /* there must be another character present */
+            if (format_spec->ptr >= format_spec->end) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                "end of format while looking for conversion "
+                                "specifier");
+                return 0;
+            }
+            *conversion = *(format_spec->ptr++);
+
+            /* if there is another character, it must be a colon */
+            if (format_spec->ptr < format_spec->end) {
+                c = *(format_spec->ptr++);
+                if (c != ':') {
+                    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                    "expected ':' after format specifier");
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+
+    } else {
+        /* end of string, there's no format_spec or conversion */
+        field_name->end = str->ptr;
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/******* Output string allocation and escape-to-markup processing  ******/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* MarkupIterator breaks the string into pieces of either literal
+   text, or things inside {} that need to be marked up.  it is
+   designed to make it easy to wrap a Python iterator around it, for
+   use with the Formatter class */
+
+typedef struct {
+    SubString str;
+    int in_markup;
+} MarkupIterator;
+
+static int
+MarkupIterator_init(MarkupIterator *self, STRINGLIB_CHAR *ptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    SubString_init(&self->str, ptr, len);
+    self->in_markup = 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* returns 0 on error, 1 on non-error termination, and 2 if it got a
+   string (or something to be expanded) */
+static int
+MarkupIterator_next(MarkupIterator *self, int *is_markup, SubString *literal,
+                    SubString *field_name, SubString *format_spec,
+                    STRINGLIB_CHAR *conversion,
+                    int *format_spec_needs_expanding)
+{
+    int at_end;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR c = 0;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR *start;
+    int count;
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+
+    *format_spec_needs_expanding = 0;
+
+    /* no more input, end of iterator */
+    if (self->str.ptr >= self->str.end)
+        return 1;
+
+    *is_markup = self->in_markup;
+    start = self->str.ptr;
+
+    if (self->in_markup) {
+
+        /* prepare for next iteration */
+        self->in_markup = 0;
+
+        /* this is markup, find the end of the string by counting nested
+           braces.  note that this prohibits escaped braces, so that
+           format_specs cannot have braces in them. */
+        count = 1;
+
+        /* we know we can't have a zero length string, so don't worry
+           about that case */
+        while (self->str.ptr < self->str.end) {
+            switch (c = *(self->str.ptr++)) {
+            case '{':
+                /* the format spec needs to be recursively expanded.
+                   this is an optimization, and not strictly needed */
+                *format_spec_needs_expanding = 1;
+                count++;
+                break;
+            case '}':
+                count--;
+                if (count <= 0) {
+                    /* we're done.  parse and get out */
+                    literal->ptr = start;
+                    literal->end = self->str.ptr-1;
+
+                    if (parse_field(literal, field_name, format_spec,
+                                    conversion) == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                    /* success */
+                    return 2;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        /* end of string while searching for matching '}' */
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "unmatched '{' in format");
+        return 0;
+
+    } else {
+        /* literal text, read until the end of string, an escaped { or },
+           or an unescaped { */
+        while (self->str.ptr < self->str.end) {
+            switch (c = *(self->str.ptr++)) {
+            case '{':
+            case '}':
+                self->in_markup = 1;
+                break;
+            default:
+                continue;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        at_end = self->str.ptr >= self->str.end;
+        len = self->str.ptr - start;
+
+        if ((c == '}') && (at_end || (c != *self->str.ptr)))
+            return (int)SetError("Single } encountered");
+        if (at_end && c == '{')
+            return (int)SetError("Single { encountered");
+        if (!at_end) {
+            if (c == *self->str.ptr) {
+                /* escaped } or {, skip it in the input */
+                self->str.ptr++;
+                self->in_markup = 0;
+            } else
+                len--;
+        }
+
+        /* this is just plain text, return it */
+        literal->ptr = start;
+        literal->end = start + len;
+        return 2;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* do the !r or !s conversion on obj */
+static PyObject *
+do_conversion(PyObject *obj, STRINGLIB_CHAR conversion)
+{
+    /* XXX in pre-3.0, do we need to convert this to unicode, since it
+       might have returned a string? */
+    switch (conversion) {
+    case 'r':
+        return PyObject_Repr(obj);
+    case 's':
+        return PyObject_Unicode(obj);
+    default:
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "Unknown converion specifier %c",
+                     conversion);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+/* given:
+
+   {field_name!conversion:format_spec}
+
+   compute the result and write it to output.
+   format_spec_needs_expanding is an optimization.  if it's false,
+   just output the string directly, otherwise recursively expand the
+   format_spec string. */
+
+static int
+output_markup(SubString *field_name, SubString *format_spec,
+              int format_spec_needs_expanding, STRINGLIB_CHAR conversion,
+              OutputString *output, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs,
+              int *recursion_level)
+{
+    PyObject *tmp = NULL;
+    PyObject *fieldobj = NULL;
+    SubString expanded_format_spec;
+    SubString *actual_format_spec;
+    int result = 0;
+
+    /* convert field_name to an object */
+    fieldobj = get_field_object(field_name, args, kwargs);
+    if (fieldobj == NULL)
+        goto done;
+
+    if (conversion != '\0') {
+        tmp = do_conversion(fieldobj, conversion);
+        if (tmp == NULL)
+            goto done;
+
+        /* do the assignment, transferring ownership: fieldobj = tmp */
+        Py_DECREF(fieldobj);
+        fieldobj = tmp;
+        tmp = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* if needed, recurively compute the format_spec */
+    if (format_spec_needs_expanding) {
+        tmp = build_string(format_spec, args, kwargs, recursion_level);
+        if (tmp == NULL)
+            goto done;
+
+        /* note that in the case we're expanding the format string,
+           tmp must be kept around until after the call to
+           render_field. */
+        SubString_init(&expanded_format_spec,
+                       STRINGLIB_STR(tmp), STRINGLIB_LEN(tmp));
+        actual_format_spec = &expanded_format_spec;
+    } else
+        actual_format_spec = format_spec;
+
+    if (render_field(fieldobj, actual_format_spec, output) == 0)
+        goto done;
+
+    result = 1;
+
+done:
+    Py_XDECREF(fieldobj);
+    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+    do_markup is the top-level loop for the format() function.  It
+    searches through the format string for escapes to markup codes, and
+    calls other functions to move non-markup text to the output,
+    and to perform the markup to the output.
+*/
+static int
+do_markup(SubString *input, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs,
+          OutputString *output, int *recursion_level)
+{
+    MarkupIterator iter;
+    int is_markup;
+    int format_spec_needs_expanding;
+    int result;
+    SubString str;
+    SubString field_name;
+    SubString format_spec;
+    STRINGLIB_CHAR conversion;
+
+    MarkupIterator_init(&iter, input->ptr, input->end - input->ptr);
+    while ((result = MarkupIterator_next(&iter, &is_markup, &str, &field_name,
+                                         &format_spec, &conversion,
+                                         &format_spec_needs_expanding)) == 2) {
+        if (is_markup) {
+            if (!output_markup(&field_name, &format_spec,
+                               format_spec_needs_expanding, conversion, output,
+                               args, kwargs, recursion_level))
+                return 0;
+        } else {
+            if (!output_data(output, str.ptr, str.end-str.ptr))
+                return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/*
+    build_string allocates the output string and then
+    calls do_markup to do the heavy lifting.
+*/
+static PyObject *
+build_string(SubString *input, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs,
+             int *recursion_level)
+{
+    OutputString output;
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t count;
+
+    output.obj = NULL; /* needed so cleanup code always works */
+
+    /* check the recursion level */
+    (*recursion_level)--;
+    if (*recursion_level < 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "Max string recursion exceeded");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* initial size is the length of the format string, plus the size
+       increment.  seems like a reasonable default */
+    if (!output_initialize(&output,
+                           input->end - input->ptr +
+                           INITIAL_SIZE_INCREMENT))
+        goto done;
+
+    if (!do_markup(input, args, kwargs, &output, recursion_level)) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    count = output.ptr - STRINGLIB_STR(output.obj);
+    if (STRINGLIB_RESIZE(&output.obj, count) < 0) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* transfer ownership to result */
+    result = output.obj;
+    output.obj = NULL;
+
+done:
+    (*recursion_level)++;
+    Py_XDECREF(output.obj);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*********** main routine ***********************************************/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* this is the main entry point */
+static PyObject *
+do_string_format(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    SubString input;
+
+    /* PEP 3101 says only 2 levels, so that
+       "{0:{1}}".format('abc', 's')            # works
+       "{0:{1:{2}}}".format('abc', 's', '')    # fails
+    */
+    int recursion_level = 2;
+
+    SubString_init(&input, STRINGLIB_STR(self), STRINGLIB_LEN(self));
+    return build_string(&input, args, kwargs, &recursion_level);
+}
diff --git a/Objects/stringlib/stringdefs.h b/Objects/stringlib/stringdefs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af9bbd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Objects/stringlib/stringdefs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#ifndef STRINGLIB_STRINGDEFS_H
+#define STRINGLIB_STRINGDEFS_H
+
+/* this is sort of a hack.  there's at least one place (formatting
+   floats) where some stringlib code takes a different path if it's
+   compiled as unicode. */
+#define STRINGLIB_IS_UNICODE     0
+
+#define STRINGLIB_CHAR           char
+#define STRINGLIB_TYPE_NAME      "string"
+#define STRINGLIB_EMPTY          string_empty
+#define STRINGLIB_ISDECIMAL(x)   ((x >= '0') && (x <= '9'))
+#define STRINGLIB_TODECIMAL(x)   (STRINGLIB_ISDECIMAL(x) ? (x - '0') : -1)
+#define STRINGLIB_FILL           memset
+#define STRINGLIB_STR            PyString_AS_STRING
+#define STRINGLIB_LEN            PyString_GET_SIZE
+#define STRINGLIB_NEW            PyString_FromStringAndSize
+#define STRINGLIB_RESIZE         _PyString_Resize
+#define STRINGLIB_CHECK          PyString_Check
+#define STRINGLIB_CMP            memcmp
+#define STRINGLIB_TOSTR          PyObject_Str
+
+#endif /* !STRINGLIB_STRINGDEFS_H */
diff --git a/Objects/stringlib/unicodedefs.h b/Objects/stringlib/unicodedefs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fac2c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Objects/stringlib/unicodedefs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef STRINGLIB_UNICODEDEFS_H
+#define STRINGLIB_UNICODEDEFS_H
+
+/* this is sort of a hack.  there's at least one place (formatting
+   floats) where some stringlib code takes a different path if it's
+   compiled as unicode. */
+#define STRINGLIB_IS_UNICODE     1
+
+#define STRINGLIB_CHAR           Py_UNICODE
+#define STRINGLIB_TYPE_NAME      "unicode"
+#define STRINGLIB_EMPTY          unicode_empty
+#define STRINGLIB_ISDECIMAL      Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL
+#define STRINGLIB_TODECIMAL      Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL
+#define STRINGLIB_TOUPPER        Py_UNICODE_TOUPPER
+#define STRINGLIB_TOLOWER        Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER
+#define STRINGLIB_FILL           Py_UNICODE_FILL
+#define STRINGLIB_STR            PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE
+#define STRINGLIB_LEN            PyUnicode_GET_SIZE
+#define STRINGLIB_NEW            PyUnicode_FromUnicode
+#define STRINGLIB_RESIZE         PyUnicode_Resize
+#define STRINGLIB_CHECK          PyUnicode_Check
+#define STRINGLIB_TOSTR          PyObject_Unicode
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
+STRINGLIB_CMP(const Py_UNICODE* str, const Py_UNICODE* other, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    if (str[0] != other[0])
+        return 1;
+    return memcmp((void*) str, (void*) other, len * sizeof(Py_UNICODE));
+}
+
+#endif /* !STRINGLIB_UNICODEDEFS_H */
diff --git a/Objects/typeobject.c b/Objects/typeobject.c
index 222207c..4e5e09d 100644
--- a/Objects/typeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/typeobject.c
@@ -2933,11 +2933,52 @@
 	return _common_reduce(self, proto);
 }
 
+
+/*
+   from PEP 3101, this code implements:
+
+   class object:
+       def __format__(self, format_spec):
+           return format(str(self), format_spec)
+*/
+static PyObject *
+object_format(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+        PyObject *format_spec;
+        PyObject *self_as_str = NULL;
+        PyObject *result = NULL;
+        PyObject *format_meth = NULL;
+
+        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:__format__", &format_spec))
+                return NULL;
+        if (!PyUnicode_Check(format_spec)) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Unicode object required");
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        self_as_str = PyObject_Unicode(self);
+        if (self_as_str != NULL) {
+                /* find the format function */
+                format_meth = PyObject_GetAttrString(self_as_str, "__format__");
+                if (format_meth != NULL) {
+                       /* and call it */
+                        result = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(format_meth, format_spec, NULL);
+                }
+        }
+
+        Py_XDECREF(self_as_str);
+        Py_XDECREF(format_meth);
+
+        return result;
+}
+
 static PyMethodDef object_methods[] = {
 	{"__reduce_ex__", object_reduce_ex, METH_VARARGS,
 	 PyDoc_STR("helper for pickle")},
 	{"__reduce__", object_reduce, METH_VARARGS,
 	 PyDoc_STR("helper for pickle")},
+        {"__format__", object_format, METH_VARARGS,
+         PyDoc_STR("default object formatter")},
 	{0}
 };
 
diff --git a/Objects/unicodeobject.c b/Objects/unicodeobject.c
index e227fc7..3052ebd 100644
--- a/Objects/unicodeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/unicodeobject.c
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@
 #include "unicodeobject.h"
 #include "ucnhash.h"
 
+#include "formatter_unicode.h"
+
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif
@@ -5009,21 +5011,7 @@
 
 /* --- Helpers ------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
-#define STRINGLIB_CHAR Py_UNICODE
-
-#define STRINGLIB_LEN PyUnicode_GET_SIZE
-#define STRINGLIB_NEW PyUnicode_FromUnicode
-#define STRINGLIB_STR PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
-STRINGLIB_CMP(const Py_UNICODE* str, const Py_UNICODE* other, Py_ssize_t len)
-{
-    if (str[0] != other[0])
-        return 1;
-    return memcmp((void*) str, (void*) other, len * sizeof(Py_UNICODE));
-}
-
-#define STRINGLIB_EMPTY unicode_empty
+#include "stringlib/unicodedefs.h"
 
 #include "stringlib/fastsearch.h"
 
@@ -7964,6 +7952,33 @@
     return PyBool_FromLong(result);
 }
 
+#include "stringlib/string_format.h"
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(format__doc__,
+"S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> unicode\n\
+\n\
+");
+
+static PyObject *
+unicode_format(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    /* this calls into stringlib/string_format.h because it can be
+       included for either string or unicode.  this is needed for
+       python 2.6. */
+    return do_string_format(self, args, kwds);
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(p_format__doc__,
+"S.__format__(format_spec) -> unicode\n\
+\n\
+");
+
+static PyObject *
+unicode__format__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    return unicode_unicode__format__(self, args);
+}
 
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -8019,6 +8034,8 @@
     {"isalnum", (PyCFunction) unicode_isalnum, METH_NOARGS, isalnum__doc__},
     {"isidentifier", (PyCFunction) unicode_isidentifier, METH_NOARGS, isidentifier__doc__},
     {"zfill", (PyCFunction) unicode_zfill, METH_VARARGS, zfill__doc__},
+    {"format", (PyCFunction) unicode_format, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, format__doc__},
+    {"__format__", (PyCFunction) unicode__format__, METH_VARARGS, p_format__doc__},
 #if 0
     {"capwords", (PyCFunction) unicode_capwords, METH_NOARGS, capwords__doc__},
 #endif
@@ -9124,6 +9141,205 @@
 }
 
 
+/********************* Formatter Iterator ************************/
+
+/* this is used to implement string.Formatter.vparse().  it exists so
+   Formatter can share code with the built in unicode.format()
+   method */
+
+typedef struct {
+	PyObject_HEAD
+
+        /* we know this to be a unicode object, but since we just keep
+           it around to keep the object alive, having it as PyObject
+           is okay */
+        PyObject *str;
+
+        MarkupIterator it_markup;
+} formatteriterobject;
+
+static void
+formatteriter_dealloc(formatteriterobject *it)
+{
+	_PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(it);
+	Py_XDECREF(it->str);
+	PyObject_GC_Del(it);
+}
+
+/* returns a tuple:
+   (is_markup, literal, field_name, format_spec, conversion)
+   if is_markup == True:
+        literal is None
+        field_name is the string before the ':'
+        format_spec is the string after the ':'
+        conversion is either None, or the string after the '!'
+   if is_markup == False:
+        literal is the literal string
+        field_name is None
+        format_spec is None
+        conversion is None
+*/
+static PyObject *
+formatteriter_next(formatteriterobject *it)
+{
+        SubString literal;
+        SubString field_name;
+        SubString format_spec;
+        Py_UNICODE conversion;
+        int is_markup;
+        int format_spec_needs_expanding;
+        int result = MarkupIterator_next(&it->it_markup, &is_markup, &literal,
+                                         &field_name, &format_spec, &conversion,
+                                         &format_spec_needs_expanding);
+
+        /* all of the SubString objects point into it->str, so no
+           memory management needs to be done on them */
+
+        if (result == 0) {
+                /* error has already been set */
+                return NULL;
+        } else if (result == 1) {
+                /* end of iterator */
+                return NULL;
+        } else {
+                PyObject *is_markup_bool = NULL;
+                PyObject *literal_str = NULL;
+                PyObject *field_name_str = NULL;
+                PyObject *format_spec_str = NULL;
+                PyObject *conversion_str = NULL;
+                PyObject *result = NULL;
+
+                assert(result == 2);
+
+                is_markup_bool = PyBool_FromLong(is_markup);
+                if (!is_markup_bool)
+                    goto error;
+
+                if (is_markup) {
+                        /* field_name, format_spec, and conversion are
+                           returned */
+                        literal_str = Py_None;
+                        Py_INCREF(literal_str);
+
+                        field_name_str = SubString_new_object(&field_name);
+                        if (field_name_str == NULL)
+                                goto error;
+
+                        format_spec_str = SubString_new_object(&format_spec);
+                        if (format_spec_str == NULL)
+                                goto error;
+
+                        /* if the conversion is not specified, return
+                           a None, otherwise create a one length
+                           string with the conversion characater */
+                        if (conversion == '\0') {
+                                conversion_str = Py_None;
+                                Py_INCREF(conversion_str);
+                        } else
+                            conversion_str = PyUnicode_FromUnicode(&conversion,
+                                                                   1);
+                        if (conversion_str == NULL)
+                                goto error;
+                } else {
+                        /* only literal is returned */
+                        literal_str = SubString_new_object(&literal);
+                        if (literal_str == NULL)
+                                goto error;
+
+                        field_name_str = Py_None;
+                        format_spec_str = Py_None;
+                        conversion_str = Py_None;
+
+                        Py_INCREF(field_name_str);
+                        Py_INCREF(format_spec_str);
+                        Py_INCREF(conversion_str);
+                }
+               /* return a tuple of values */
+                result = PyTuple_Pack(5, is_markup_bool, literal_str,
+                                      field_name_str, format_spec_str,
+                                      conversion_str);
+                if (result == NULL)
+                        goto error;
+
+                return result;
+        error:
+                Py_XDECREF(is_markup_bool);
+                Py_XDECREF(literal_str);
+                Py_XDECREF(field_name_str);
+                Py_XDECREF(format_spec_str);
+                Py_XDECREF(conversion_str);
+                Py_XDECREF(result);
+                return NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef formatteriter_methods[] = {
+ 	{NULL,		NULL}		/* sentinel */
+};
+
+PyTypeObject PyFormatterIter_Type = {
+	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+	"formatteriterator",			/* tp_name */
+	sizeof(formatteriterobject),		/* tp_basicsize */
+	0,					/* tp_itemsize */
+	/* methods */
+	(destructor)formatteriter_dealloc,	/* tp_dealloc */
+	0,					/* tp_print */
+	0,					/* tp_getattr */
+	0,					/* tp_setattr */
+	0,					/* tp_compare */
+	0,					/* tp_repr */
+	0,					/* tp_as_number */
+	0,					/* tp_as_sequence */
+	0,					/* tp_as_mapping */
+	0,					/* tp_hash */
+	0,					/* tp_call */
+	0,					/* tp_str */
+	PyObject_GenericGetAttr,		/* tp_getattro */
+	0,					/* tp_setattro */
+	0,					/* tp_as_buffer */
+	Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,			/* tp_flags */
+	0,					/* tp_doc */
+	0,					/* tp_traverse */
+	0,					/* tp_clear */
+	0,					/* tp_richcompare */
+	0,					/* tp_weaklistoffset */
+	PyObject_SelfIter,			/* tp_iter */
+	(iternextfunc)formatteriter_next,	/* tp_iternext */
+	formatteriter_methods,			/* tp_methods */
+	0,
+};
+
+PyObject *
+_unicodeformatter_iterator(PyObject *str)
+{
+        formatteriterobject *it;
+
+	it = PyObject_GC_New(formatteriterobject, &PyFormatterIter_Type);
+	if (it == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+        /* take ownership, give the object to the iterator */
+        Py_INCREF(str);
+        it->str = str;
+
+        /* initialize the contained MarkupIterator */
+        MarkupIterator_init(&it->it_markup,
+                            PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(str),
+                            PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str));
+
+	_PyObject_GC_TRACK(it);
+	return (PyObject *)it;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+_unicodeformatter_lookup(PyObject *field_name, PyObject *args,
+                         PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+
 /********************* Unicode Iterator **************************/
 
 typedef struct {
diff --git a/Python/Python-ast.c b/Python/Python-ast.c
index 605a152..4c6f42c 100644
--- a/Python/Python-ast.c
+++ b/Python/Python-ast.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 /*
-   __version__ 56266.
+   __version__ .
 
    This module must be committed separately after each AST grammar change;
    The __version__ number is set to the revision number of the commit
@@ -3179,7 +3179,7 @@
         if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "AST", (PyObject*)AST_type) < 0) return;
         if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "PyCF_ONLY_AST", PyCF_ONLY_AST) < 0)
                 return;
-        if (PyModule_AddStringConstant(m, "__version__", "56266") < 0)
+        if (PyModule_AddStringConstant(m, "__version__", "") < 0)
                 return;
         if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "mod", (PyObject*)mod_type) < 0) return;
         if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "Module", (PyObject*)Module_type) < 0)
diff --git a/Python/bltinmodule.c b/Python/bltinmodule.c
index d087e9c..17f5b59 100644
--- a/Python/bltinmodule.c
+++ b/Python/bltinmodule.c
@@ -275,6 +275,61 @@
 If the predicate is None, 'lambda x: bool(x)' is assumed.\n\
 (This is identical to itertools.ifilter().)");
 
+static PyObject *
+builtin_format(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+        static PyObject * format_str = NULL;
+        PyObject *value;
+        PyObject *spec;
+        PyObject *meth;
+        PyObject *result;
+
+        /* Initialize cached value */
+        if (format_str == NULL) {
+                /* Initialize static variable needed by _PyType_Lookup */
+                format_str = PyUnicode_FromString("__format__");
+                if (format_str == NULL)
+                        return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO:format", &value, &spec))
+               return NULL;
+
+        /* Make sure the type is initialized.  float gets initialized late */
+        if (Py_Type(value)->tp_dict == NULL)
+                if (PyType_Ready(Py_Type(value)) < 0)
+                    return NULL;
+
+        /* Find the (unbound!) __format__ method (a borrowed reference) */
+        meth = _PyType_Lookup(Py_Type(value), format_str);
+        if (meth == NULL) {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                             "Type %.100s doesn't define __format__",
+                             Py_Type(value)->tp_name);
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* And call it, binding it to the value */
+        result = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(meth, value, spec, NULL);
+
+#if 0
+        /* XXX this is segfaulting, not sure why.  find out later! */
+	if (!PyUnicode_Check(result)) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                "__format__ method did not return string");
+                Py_DECREF(result);
+                return NULL;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return result;
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(format_doc,
+"format(value, format_spec) -> string\n\
+\n\
+Returns value.__format__(format_spec).");
 
 static PyObject *
 builtin_chr8(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
@@ -1676,6 +1731,7 @@
  	{"eval",	builtin_eval,       METH_VARARGS, eval_doc},
 	{"exec",        builtin_exec,       METH_VARARGS, exec_doc},
  	{"filter",	builtin_filter,     METH_VARARGS, filter_doc},
+ 	{"format",	builtin_format,     METH_VARARGS, format_doc},
  	{"getattr",	builtin_getattr,    METH_VARARGS, getattr_doc},
  	{"globals",	(PyCFunction)builtin_globals,    METH_NOARGS, globals_doc},
  	{"hasattr",	builtin_hasattr,    METH_VARARGS, hasattr_doc},
diff --git a/Python/formatter_unicode.c b/Python/formatter_unicode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..114fe30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/formatter_unicode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* implements the unicode (as opposed to string) version of the
+   built-in formatters for string, int, float.  that is, the versions
+   of int.__float__, etc., that take and return unicode objects */
+
+#include "Python.h"
+#include "formatter_unicode.h"
+
+#include "../Objects/stringlib/unicodedefs.h"
+
+#define FORMAT_STRING unicode_unicode__format__
+#define FORMAT_LONG   unicode_long__format__
+#define FORMAT_FLOAT  unicode_float__format__
+#include "../Objects/stringlib/formatter.h"
diff --git a/Python/sysmodule.c b/Python/sysmodule.c
index 6ccd3e9..10a7427 100644
--- a/Python/sysmodule.c
+++ b/Python/sysmodule.c
@@ -660,6 +660,54 @@
 	return _PyThread_CurrentFrames();
 }
 
+/* sys_formatter_iterator is used to implement
+   string.Formatter.vformat.  it parses a string and returns tuples
+   describing the parsed elements.  see unicodeobject.c's
+   _unicodeformatter_iterator for details */
+static PyObject *
+sys_formatter_iterator(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+        /* in 2.6, check type and dispatch to unicode or string
+           accordingly */
+        PyObject *str;
+
+        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:_formatter_iterator", &str))
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (!PyUnicode_Check(str)) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                "_formatter_iterator expects unicode object");
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return _unicodeformatter_iterator(str);
+}
+
+/* sys_formatter_lookup is used to implement string.Formatter.vformat.
+   it takes an PEP 3101 "field name", args, and kwargs, and returns a
+   tuple (index, name, object).  see unicodeobject.c's
+   _unicodeformatter_lookup for details */
+static PyObject *
+sys_formatter_lookup(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+        PyObject *field_name;
+        PyObject *arg_args;
+        PyObject *kwargs;
+
+        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOO:_formatter_lookup", &field_name,
+                              &arg_args, &kwargs))
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (!PyUnicode_Check(field_name)) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                "_formatter_lookup expects unicode object");
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return _unicodeformatter_lookup(field_name, arg_args, kwargs);
+}
+
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(call_tracing_doc,
 "call_tracing(func, args) -> object\n\
 \n\
@@ -724,6 +772,8 @@
 	 callstats_doc},
 	{"_current_frames", sys_current_frames, METH_NOARGS,
 	 current_frames_doc},
+        {"_formatter_parser", sys_formatter_iterator, METH_VARARGS},
+        {"_formatter_lookup", sys_formatter_lookup, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"displayhook",	sys_displayhook, METH_O, displayhook_doc},
 	{"exc_info",	sys_exc_info, METH_NOARGS, exc_info_doc},
 	{"excepthook",	sys_excepthook, METH_VARARGS, excepthook_doc},