bpo-29097: Forego fold detection on windows for low timestamp values (GH-2385) (GH-8466)

On Windows, passing a negative value to local results in an OSError because localtime_s on Windows does not support negative timestamps. Unfortunately this means that fold detection for timestamps between 0 and max_fold_seconds will result in this OSError since we subtract max_fold_seconds from the timestamp to detect a fold. However, since we know there haven't been any folds in the interval [0, max_fold_seconds) in any timezone, we can hackily just forego fold detection for this time range on Windows.
(cherry picked from commit 96d1e69a12ed8ab80203277e1abdaf573457a964)

Co-authored-by: Ammar Askar <ammar_askar@hotmail.com>
diff --git a/Lib/datetime.py b/Lib/datetime.py
index dd6eca9..12a0f14 100644
--- a/Lib/datetime.py
+++ b/Lib/datetime.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 import time as _time
 import math as _math
+import sys
 
 def _cmp(x, y):
     return 0 if x == y else 1 if x > y else -1
@@ -1572,6 +1573,14 @@
             # 23 hours at 1969-09-30 13:00:00 in Kwajalein.
             # Let's probe 24 hours in the past to detect a transition:
             max_fold_seconds = 24 * 3600
+
+            # On Windows localtime_s throws an OSError for negative values,
+            # thus we can't perform fold detection for values of time less
+            # than the max time fold. See comments in _datetimemodule's
+            # version of this method for more details.
+            if t < max_fold_seconds and sys.platform.startswith("win"):
+                return result
+
             y, m, d, hh, mm, ss = converter(t - max_fold_seconds)[:6]
             probe1 = cls(y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, us, tz)
             trans = result - probe1 - timedelta(0, max_fold_seconds)
diff --git a/Lib/test/datetimetester.py b/Lib/test/datetimetester.py
index 7d4cdac..f647a23 100644
--- a/Lib/test/datetimetester.py
+++ b/Lib/test/datetimetester.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
                     if not name.startswith('__') and not name.endswith('__'))
         allowed = set(['MAXYEAR', 'MINYEAR', 'date', 'datetime',
                        'datetime_CAPI', 'time', 'timedelta', 'timezone',
-                       'tzinfo'])
+                       'tzinfo', 'sys'])
         self.assertEqual(names - allowed, set([]))
 
     def test_divide_and_round(self):
@@ -4955,6 +4955,11 @@
         self.assertEqual(t0.fold, 0)
         self.assertEqual(t1.fold, 1)
 
+    def test_fromtimestamp_low_fold_detection(self):
+        # Ensure that fold detection doesn't cause an
+        # OSError for really low values, see bpo-29097
+        self.assertEqual(datetime.fromtimestamp(0).fold, 0)
+
     @support.run_with_tz('EST+05EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0')
     def test_timestamp(self):
         dt0 = datetime(2014, 11, 2, 1, 30)