Merging the py3k-pep3137 branch back into the py3k branch.
No detailed change log; just check out the change log for the py3k-pep3137
branch.  The most obvious changes:

  - str8 renamed to bytes (PyString at the C level);
  - bytes renamed to buffer (PyBytes at the C level);
  - PyString and PyUnicode are no longer compatible.

I.e. we now have an immutable bytes type and a mutable bytes type.

The behavior of PyString was modified quite a bit, to make it more
bytes-like.  Some changes are still on the to-do list.
diff --git a/Modules/main.c b/Modules/main.c
index b15f1714..ee4a1b8 100644
--- a/Modules/main.c
+++ b/Modules/main.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 static int  orig_argc;
 
 /* command line options */
-#define BASE_OPTS "c:dEhim:OStuvVW:xX?"
+#define BASE_OPTS "bc:dEhim:OStuvVW:xX?"
 
 #define PROGRAM_OPTS BASE_OPTS
 
@@ -55,32 +55,34 @@
 /* Long usage message, split into parts < 512 bytes */
 static char *usage_1 = "\
 Options and arguments (and corresponding environment variables):\n\
+-b     : issue warnings about str(bytes_instance), str(buffer_instance)\n\
+         and comparing bytes/buffer with str. (-bb: issue errors)\n\
 -c cmd : program passed in as string (terminates option list)\n\
 -d     : debug output from parser; also PYTHONDEBUG=x\n\
 -E     : ignore environment variables (such as PYTHONPATH)\n\
 -h     : print this help message and exit (also --help)\n\
--i     : inspect interactively after running script; forces a prompt even\n\
-         if stdin does not appear to be a terminal; also PYTHONINSPECT=x\n\
 ";
 static char *usage_2 = "\
+-i     : inspect interactively after running script; forces a prompt even\n\
+         if stdin does not appear to be a terminal; also PYTHONINSPECT=x\n\
 -m mod : run library module as a script (terminates option list)\n\
 -O     : optimize generated bytecode slightly; also PYTHONOPTIMIZE=x\n\
 -OO    : remove doc-strings in addition to the -O optimizations\n\
 -S     : don't imply 'import site' on initialization\n\
 -t     : issue warnings about inconsistent tab usage (-tt: issue errors)\n\
--u     : unbuffered binary stdout and stderr; also PYTHONUNBUFFERED=x\n\
 ";
 static char *usage_3 = "\
+-u     : unbuffered binary stdout and stderr; also PYTHONUNBUFFERED=x\n\
          see man page for details on internal buffering relating to '-u'\n\
 -v     : verbose (trace import statements); also PYTHONVERBOSE=x\n\
          can be supplied multiple times to increase verbosity\n\
 -V     : print the Python version number and exit (also --version)\n\
 -W arg : warning control; arg is action:message:category:module:lineno\n\
 -x     : skip first line of source, allowing use of non-Unix forms of #!cmd\n\
-file   : program read from script file\n\
--      : program read from stdin (default; interactive mode if a tty)\n\
 ";
 static char *usage_4 = "\
+file   : program read from script file\n\
+-      : program read from stdin (default; interactive mode if a tty)\n\
 arg ...: arguments passed to program in sys.argv[1:]\n\n\
 Other environment variables:\n\
 PYTHONSTARTUP: file executed on interactive startup (no default)\n\
@@ -252,6 +254,9 @@
 		}
 
 		switch (c) {
+		case 'b':
+			Py_BytesWarningFlag++;
+			break;
 
 		case 'd':
 			Py_DebugFlag++;