[3.7] bpo-36389: _PyObject_IsFreed() now also detects uninitialized memory (GH-12770) (GH-12788)

* bpo-36389: _PyObject_IsFreed() now also detects uninitialized memory (GH-12770)

Replace _PyMem_IsFreed() function with _PyMem_IsPtrFreed() inline
function. The function is now way more efficient, it became a simple
comparison on integers, rather than a short loop. It detects also
uninitialized bytes and "forbidden bytes" filled by debug hooks
on memory allocators.

Add unit tests on _PyObject_IsFreed().

(cherry picked from commit 2b00db68554422ec37faba2a80179a0172df6349)

* bpo-36389: Change PyMem_SetupDebugHooks() constants (GH-12782)

Modify CLEANBYTE, DEADDYTE and FORBIDDENBYTE constants: use 0xCD,
0xDD and 0xFD, rather than 0xCB, 0xBB and 0xFB, to use the same byte
patterns than Windows CRT debug malloc() and free().

(cherry picked from commit 4c409beb4c360a73d054f37807d3daad58d1b567)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi.py b/Lib/test/test_capi.py
index 65e0795..d94ee02 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi.py
@@ -462,11 +462,11 @@
                  r"    The [0-9] pad bytes at p-[0-9] are FORBIDDENBYTE, as expected.\n"
                  r"    The [0-9] pad bytes at tail={ptr} are not all FORBIDDENBYTE \(0x[0-9a-f]{{2}}\):\n"
                  r"        at tail\+0: 0x78 \*\*\* OUCH\n"
-                 r"        at tail\+1: 0xfb\n"
-                 r"        at tail\+2: 0xfb\n"
+                 r"        at tail\+1: 0xfd\n"
+                 r"        at tail\+2: 0xfd\n"
                  r"        .*\n"
                  r"    The block was made by call #[0-9]+ to debug malloc/realloc.\n"
-                 r"    Data at p: cb cb cb .*\n"
+                 r"    Data at p: cd cd cd .*\n"
                  r"\n"
                  r"Enable tracemalloc to get the memory block allocation traceback\n"
                  r"\n"
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
                  r"    The [0-9] pad bytes at p-[0-9] are FORBIDDENBYTE, as expected.\n"
                  r"    The [0-9] pad bytes at tail={ptr} are FORBIDDENBYTE, as expected.\n"
                  r"    The block was made by call #[0-9]+ to debug malloc/realloc.\n"
-                 r"    Data at p: cb cb cb .*\n"
+                 r"    Data at p: cd cd cd .*\n"
                  r"\n"
                  r"Enable tracemalloc to get the memory block allocation traceback\n"
                  r"\n"
@@ -508,6 +508,29 @@
         code = 'import _testcapi; _testcapi.pyobject_malloc_without_gil()'
         self.check_malloc_without_gil(code)
 
+    def check_pyobject_is_freed(self, func):
+        code = textwrap.dedent('''
+            import gc, os, sys, _testcapi
+            # Disable the GC to avoid crash on GC collection
+            gc.disable()
+            obj = _testcapi.{func}()
+            error = (_testcapi.pyobject_is_freed(obj) == False)
+            # Exit immediately to avoid a crash while deallocating
+            # the invalid object
+            os._exit(int(error))
+        ''')
+        code = code.format(func=func)
+        assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONMALLOC=self.PYTHONMALLOC)
+
+    def test_pyobject_is_freed_uninitialized(self):
+        self.check_pyobject_is_freed('pyobject_uninitialized')
+
+    def test_pyobject_is_freed_forbidden_bytes(self):
+        self.check_pyobject_is_freed('pyobject_forbidden_bytes')
+
+    def test_pyobject_is_freed_free(self):
+        self.check_pyobject_is_freed('pyobject_freed')
+
 
 class PyMemMallocDebugTests(PyMemDebugTests):
     PYTHONMALLOC = 'malloc_debug'