diff --git a/Include/classobject.h b/Include/classobject.h
index 840431a..8742720 100644
--- a/Include/classobject.h
+++ b/Include/classobject.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyMethod_Type;
 
-#define PyMethod_Check(op) ((op)->ob_type == &PyMethod_Type)
+#define PyMethod_Check(op) (Py_TYPE(op)== &PyMethod_Type)
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyMethod_New(PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 
 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyInstanceMethod_Type;
 
-#define PyInstanceMethod_Check(op) ((op)->ob_type == &PyInstanceMethod_Type)
+#define PyInstanceMethod_Check(op) (Py_TYPE(op) == &PyInstanceMethod_Type)
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyInstanceMethod_New(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyInstanceMethod_Function(PyObject *);
diff --git a/Include/cpython/abstract.h b/Include/cpython/abstract.h
index 4bd7b1a..76eaedf 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/abstract.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/abstract.h
@@ -246,8 +246,8 @@
 
 /* Return 1 if the getbuffer function is available, otherwise return 0. */
 #define PyObject_CheckBuffer(obj) \
-    (((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_buffer != NULL) &&  \
-     ((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_buffer->bf_getbuffer != NULL))
+    ((Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_as_buffer != NULL) &&  \
+     (Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_as_buffer->bf_getbuffer != NULL))
 
 /* This is a C-API version of the getbuffer function call.  It checks
    to make sure object has the required function pointer and issues the
@@ -315,14 +315,14 @@
 /* ==== Iterators ================================================ */
 
 #define PyIter_Check(obj) \
-    ((obj)->ob_type->tp_iternext != NULL && \
-     (obj)->ob_type->tp_iternext != &_PyObject_NextNotImplemented)
+    (Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_iternext != NULL && \
+     Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_iternext != &_PyObject_NextNotImplemented)
 
 /* === Number Protocol ================================================== */
 
 #define PyIndex_Check(obj)                              \
-    ((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_number != NULL &&            \
-     (obj)->ob_type->tp_as_number->nb_index != NULL)
+    (Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_as_number != NULL &&            \
+     Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_as_number->nb_index != NULL)
 
 /* === Sequence protocol ================================================ */
 
diff --git a/Include/pyerrors.h b/Include/pyerrors.h
index 5125a51..3fd133c 100644
--- a/Include/pyerrors.h
+++ b/Include/pyerrors.h
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@
      PyType_FastSubclass((PyTypeObject*)(x), Py_TPFLAGS_BASE_EXC_SUBCLASS))
 
 #define PyExceptionInstance_Check(x)                    \
-    PyType_FastSubclass((x)->ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_BASE_EXC_SUBCLASS)
+    PyType_FastSubclass(Py_TYPE(x), Py_TPFLAGS_BASE_EXC_SUBCLASS)
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(const char *) PyExceptionClass_Name(PyObject *);
 
-#define PyExceptionInstance_Class(x) ((PyObject*)((x)->ob_type))
+#define PyExceptionInstance_Class(x) ((PyObject*)Py_TYPE(x))
 
 
 /* Predefined exceptions */
diff --git a/Python/_warnings.c b/Python/_warnings.c
index 602211c..9e8b52d 100644
--- a/Python/_warnings.c
+++ b/Python/_warnings.c
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@
         text = PyObject_Str(message);
         if (text == NULL)
             goto cleanup;
-        category = (PyObject*)message->ob_type;
+        category = (PyObject*)Py_TYPE(message);
     }
     else {
         text = message;
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@
         return NULL;
 
     if (rc == 1)
-        category = (PyObject*)message->ob_type;
+        category = (PyObject*)Py_TYPE(message);
     else if (category == NULL || category == Py_None)
         category = PyExc_UserWarning;
 
diff --git a/Python/bltinmodule.c b/Python/bltinmodule.c
index cdb1eaa..980b810 100644
--- a/Python/bltinmodule.c
+++ b/Python/bltinmodule.c
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
         /* else get the type of the first base */
         else {
             PyObject *base0 = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, 0);
-            meta = (PyObject *) (base0->ob_type);
+            meta = (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(base0);
         }
         Py_INCREF(meta);
         isclass = 1;  /* meta is really a class */
@@ -1002,13 +1002,13 @@
 
     if (!PyDict_Check(globals)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "exec() globals must be a dict, not %.100s",
-                     globals->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(globals)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
     if (!PyMapping_Check(locals)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
             "locals must be a mapping or None, not %.100s",
-            locals->ob_type->tp_name);
+            Py_TYPE(locals)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
     if (_PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(globals, &PyId___builtins__) == NULL) {
@@ -1383,11 +1383,11 @@
     if (!PyIter_Check(it)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
             "'%.200s' object is not an iterator",
-            it->ob_type->tp_name);
+            Py_TYPE(it)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    res = (*it->ob_type->tp_iternext)(it);
+    res = (*Py_TYPE(it)->tp_iternext)(it);
     if (res != NULL) {
         return res;
     } else if (nargs > 1) {
@@ -1788,7 +1788,7 @@
     else {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "ord() expected string of length 1, but " \
-                     "%.200s found", c->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     "%.200s found", Py_TYPE(c)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1856,7 +1856,7 @@
     else if (sep && !PyUnicode_Check(sep)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "sep must be None or a string, not %.200s",
-                     sep->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(sep)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
     if (end == Py_None) {
@@ -1865,7 +1865,7 @@
     else if (end && !PyUnicode_Check(end)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "end must be None or a string, not %.200s",
-                     end->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(end)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index 892d668..c36a38e 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -2633,7 +2633,7 @@
             PyObject *none_val = _PyList_Extend((PyListObject *)list, iterable);
             if (none_val == NULL) {
                 if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError) &&
-                   (iterable->ob_type->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(iterable)))
+                   (Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(iterable)))
                 {
                     _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -2803,7 +2803,7 @@
                 if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                     "'%.200s' object is not a mapping",
-                                    update->ob_type->tp_name);
+                                    Py_TYPE(update)->tp_name);
                 }
                 Py_DECREF(update);
                 goto error;
@@ -3158,7 +3158,7 @@
             PREDICTED(FOR_ITER);
             /* before: [iter]; after: [iter, iter()] *or* [] */
             PyObject *iter = TOP();
-            PyObject *next = (*iter->ob_type->tp_iternext)(iter);
+            PyObject *next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
             if (next != NULL) {
                 PUSH(next);
                 PREDICT(STORE_FAST);
@@ -4369,11 +4369,11 @@
     it = PyObject_GetIter(v);
     if (it == NULL) {
         if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError) &&
-            v->ob_type->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(v))
+            Py_TYPE(v)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(v))
         {
             _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                           "cannot unpack non-iterable %.200s object",
-                          v->ob_type->tp_name);
+                          Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
         }
         return 0;
     }
@@ -4790,7 +4790,7 @@
     else if (PyCFunction_Check(func))
         return ((PyCFunctionObject*)func)->m_ml->ml_name;
     else
-        return func->ob_type->tp_name;
+        return Py_TYPE(func)->tp_name;
 }
 
 const char *
@@ -5197,7 +5197,7 @@
 static int
 check_args_iterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func, PyObject *args)
 {
-    if (args->ob_type->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(args)) {
+    if (Py_TYPE(args)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(args)) {
         /* check_args_iterable() may be called with a live exception:
          * clear it to prevent calling _PyObject_FunctionStr() with an
          * exception set. */
diff --git a/Python/codecs.c b/Python/codecs.c
index 10d7696..ee2758c 100644
--- a/Python/codecs.c
+++ b/Python/codecs.c
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@
 {
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                  "don't know how to handle %.200s in error callback",
-                 exc->ob_type->tp_name);
+                 Py_TYPE(exc)->tp_name);
 }
 
 PyObject *PyCodec_StrictErrors(PyObject *exc)
diff --git a/Python/compile.c b/Python/compile.c
index 6776df5..04b8fe4 100644
--- a/Python/compile.c
+++ b/Python/compile.c
@@ -3988,7 +3988,7 @@
     case FormattedValue_kind:
         return &PyUnicode_Type;
     case Constant_kind:
-        return e->v.Constant.value->ob_type;
+        return Py_TYPE(e->v.Constant.value);
     default:
         return NULL;
     }
diff --git a/Python/formatter_unicode.c b/Python/formatter_unicode.c
index 7c4ecf0..41a2478 100644
--- a/Python/formatter_unicode.c
+++ b/Python/formatter_unicode.c
@@ -1447,7 +1447,7 @@
         return format_string_internal(obj, &format, writer);
     default:
         /* unknown */
-        unknown_presentation_type(format.type, obj->ob_type->tp_name);
+        unknown_presentation_type(format.type, Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
         return -1;
     }
 }
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@
 
     default:
         /* unknown */
-        unknown_presentation_type(format.type, obj->ob_type->tp_name);
+        unknown_presentation_type(format.type, Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
         goto done;
     }
 
@@ -1549,7 +1549,7 @@
 
     default:
         /* unknown */
-        unknown_presentation_type(format.type, obj->ob_type->tp_name);
+        unknown_presentation_type(format.type, Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
         return -1;
     }
 }
@@ -1587,7 +1587,7 @@
 
     default:
         /* unknown */
-        unknown_presentation_type(format.type, obj->ob_type->tp_name);
+        unknown_presentation_type(format.type, Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
         return -1;
     }
 }
diff --git a/Python/getargs.c b/Python/getargs.c
index d5caf47..d644aea 100644
--- a/Python/getargs.c
+++ b/Python/getargs.c
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@
                       toplevel ? "expected %d arguments, not %.50s" :
                       "must be %d-item sequence, not %.50s",
                   n,
-                  arg == Py_None ? "None" : arg->ob_type->tp_name);
+                  arg == Py_None ? "None" : Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
         return msgbuf;
     }
 
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                  "%.200s() %.200s must be %.50s, not %.50s",
                  fname, displayname, expected,
-                 arg == Py_None ? "None" : arg->ob_type->tp_name);
+                 arg == Py_None ? "None" : Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
 }
 
 static const char *
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@
     else {
         PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, bufsize,
                       "must be %.50s, not %.50s", expected,
-                      arg == Py_None ? "None" : arg->ob_type->tp_name);
+                      arg == Py_None ? "None" : Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
     }
     return msgbuf;
 }
@@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@
             type = va_arg(*p_va, PyTypeObject*);
             p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
             format++;
-            if (PyType_IsSubtype(arg->ob_type, type))
+            if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(arg), type))
                 *p = arg;
             else
                 return converterr(type->tp_name, arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
diff --git a/Python/marshal.c b/Python/marshal.c
index ec6b3da..8d441a4 100644
--- a/Python/marshal.c
+++ b/Python/marshal.c
@@ -1696,7 +1696,7 @@
     if (!PyBytes_Check(data)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "file.read() returned not bytes but %.100s",
-                     data->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(data)->tp_name);
         result = NULL;
     }
     else {
diff --git a/Python/sysmodule.c b/Python/sysmodule.c
index d8d1874..707a08e 100644
--- a/Python/sysmodule.c
+++ b/Python/sysmodule.c
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@
     }
     else {
         _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
-                      "can't intern %.400s", s->ob_type->tp_name);
+                      "can't intern %.400s", Py_TYPE(s)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 }