bpo-40170: Add _PyIndex_Check() internal function (GH-19426)

Add _PyIndex_Check() function to the internal C API: fast inlined
verson of PyIndex_Check().

Add Include/internal/pycore_abstract.h header file.

Replace PyIndex_Check() with _PyIndex_Check() in C files of Objects
and Python subdirectories.
diff --git a/Objects/interpreteridobject.c b/Objects/interpreteridobject.c
index 57748e8..3f31687 100644
--- a/Objects/interpreteridobject.c
+++ b/Objects/interpreteridobject.c
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 /* InterpreterID object */
 
 #include "Python.h"
-#include "internal/pycore_pystate.h"
+#include "pycore_abstract.h"   // _PyIndex_Check()
+#include "pycore_pystate.h"
 #include "interpreteridobject.h"
 
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@
     if (PyObject_TypeCheck(arg, &_PyInterpreterID_Type)) {
         id = ((interpid *)arg)->id;
     }
-    else if (PyIndex_Check(arg)) {
+    else if (_PyIndex_Check(arg)) {
         id = PyLong_AsLongLong(arg);
         if (id == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return 0;