bpo-43774: Document configure options (GH-25283)

Add Doc/using/configure.rst documentation to document configure,
preprocessor, compiler and linker options.

Add a new section about the "Python debug build".
diff --git a/Doc/using/unix.rst b/Doc/using/unix.rst
index d5f073c..b5b26ec 100644
--- a/Doc/using/unix.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/unix.rst
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@
    make
    make install
 
-Configuration options and caveats for specific Unix platforms are extensively
-documented in the :source:`README.rst` file in the root of the Python source
-tree.
+:ref:`Configuration options <configure-options>` and caveats for specific Unix
+platforms are extensively documented in the :source:`README.rst` file in the
+root of the Python source tree.
 
 .. warning::