diff --git a/.hgignore b/.hgignore
index a3ffcf4..f5d1414 100644
--- a/.hgignore
+++ b/.hgignore
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 *.profclang?
 *.profraw
 *.dyn
+Include/pydtrace_probes.h
 Lib/distutils/command/*.pdb
 Lib/lib2to3/*.pickle
 Lib/test/data/*
diff --git a/Doc/howto/index.rst b/Doc/howto/index.rst
index de65950..593341c 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/index.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/index.rst
@@ -28,4 +28,5 @@
    argparse.rst
    ipaddress.rst
    clinic.rst
+   instrumentation.rst
 
diff --git a/Doc/howto/instrumentation.rst b/Doc/howto/instrumentation.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b21224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/howto/instrumentation.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+.. _instrumentation:
+
+===============================================
+Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap
+===============================================
+
+:author: David Malcolm
+:author: Łukasz Langa
+
+DTrace and SystemTap are monitoring tools, each providing a way to inspect
+what the processes on a computer system are doing.  They both use
+domain-specific languages allowing a user to write scripts which:
+
+  - filter which processes are to be observed
+  - gather data from the processes of interest
+  - generate reports on the data
+
+As of Python 3.6, CPython can be built with embedded "markers", also
+known as "probes", that can be observed by a DTrace or SystemTap script,
+making it easier to monitor what the CPython processes on a system are
+doing.
+
+.. I'm using ".. code-block:: c" for SystemTap scripts, as "c" is syntactically
+   the closest match that Sphinx supports
+
+.. impl-detail::
+
+   DTrace markers are implementation details of the CPython interpreter.
+   No guarantees are made about probe compatibility between versions of
+   CPython. DTrace scripts can stop working or work incorrectly without
+   warning when changing CPython versions.
+
+
+Enabling the static markers
+---------------------------
+
+macOS comes with built-in support for DTrace.  On Linux, in order to
+build CPython with the embedded markers for SystemTap, the SystemTap
+development tools must be installed.
+
+On a Linux machine, this can be done via::
+
+   yum install systemtap-sdt-devel
+
+or::
+
+   sudo apt-get install systemtap-sdt-dev
+
+
+CPython must then be configured `--with-dtrace`::
+
+   checking for --with-dtrace... yes
+
+On macOS, you can list available DTrace probes by running a Python
+process in the background and listing all probes made available by the
+Python provider::
+
+   $ python3.6 -q &
+   $ sudo dtrace -l -P python$!  # or: dtrace -l -m python3.6
+
+      ID   PROVIDER            MODULE                          FUNCTION NAME
+   29564 python18035        python3.6          _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault function-entry
+   29565 python18035        python3.6             dtrace_function_entry function-entry
+   29566 python18035        python3.6          _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault function-return
+   29567 python18035        python3.6            dtrace_function_return function-return
+   29568 python18035        python3.6                           collect gc-done
+   29569 python18035        python3.6                           collect gc-start
+   29570 python18035        python3.6          _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault line
+   29571 python18035        python3.6                 maybe_dtrace_line line
+
+On Linux, you can verify if the SystemTap static markers are present in
+the built binary by seeing if it contains a ".note.stapsdt" section.
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   $ readelf -S ./python | grep .note.stapsdt
+   [30] .note.stapsdt        NOTE         0000000000000000 00308d78
+
+If you've built Python as a shared library (with --enable-shared), you
+need to look instead within the shared library.  For example:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   $ readelf -S libpython3.3dm.so.1.0 | grep .note.stapsdt
+   [29] .note.stapsdt        NOTE         0000000000000000 00365b68
+
+Sufficiently modern readelf can print the metadata:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ readelf -n ./python
+
+    Displaying notes found at file offset 0x00000254 with length 0x00000020:
+        Owner                 Data size          Description
+        GNU                  0x00000010          NT_GNU_ABI_TAG (ABI version tag)
+            OS: Linux, ABI: 2.6.32
+
+    Displaying notes found at file offset 0x00000274 with length 0x00000024:
+        Owner                 Data size          Description
+        GNU                  0x00000014          NT_GNU_BUILD_ID (unique build ID bitstring)
+            Build ID: df924a2b08a7e89f6e11251d4602022977af2670
+
+    Displaying notes found at file offset 0x002d6c30 with length 0x00000144:
+        Owner                 Data size          Description
+        stapsdt              0x00000031          NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)
+            Provider: python
+            Name: gc__start
+            Location: 0x00000000004371c3, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6bf6
+            Arguments: -4@%ebx
+        stapsdt              0x00000030          NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)
+            Provider: python
+            Name: gc__done
+            Location: 0x00000000004374e1, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6bf8
+            Arguments: -8@%rax
+        stapsdt              0x00000045          NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)
+            Provider: python
+            Name: function__entry
+            Location: 0x000000000053db6c, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6be8
+            Arguments: 8@%rbp 8@%r12 -4@%eax
+        stapsdt              0x00000046          NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)
+            Provider: python
+            Name: function__return
+            Location: 0x000000000053dba8, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6bea
+            Arguments: 8@%rbp 8@%r12 -4@%eax
+
+The above metadata contains information for SystemTap describing how it
+can patch strategically-placed machine code instructions to enable the
+tracing hooks used by a SystemTap script.
+
+
+Static DTrace probes
+--------------------
+
+The following example DTrace script can be used to show the call/return
+hierarchy of a Python script, only tracing within the invocation of
+a function called "start". In other words, import-time function
+invocations are not going to be listed:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    self int indent;
+
+    python$target:::function-entry
+    /copyinstr(arg1) == "start"/
+    {
+            self->trace = 1;
+    }
+
+    python$target:::function-entry
+    /self->trace/
+    {
+            printf("%d\t%*s:", timestamp, 15, probename);
+            printf("%*s", self->indent, "");
+            printf("%s:%s:%d\n", basename(copyinstr(arg0)), copyinstr(arg1), arg2);
+            self->indent++;
+    }
+
+    python$target:::function-return
+    /self->trace/
+    {
+            self->indent--;
+            printf("%d\t%*s:", timestamp, 15, probename);
+            printf("%*s", self->indent, "");
+            printf("%s:%s:%d\n", basename(copyinstr(arg0)), copyinstr(arg1), arg2);
+    }
+
+    python$target:::function-return
+    /copyinstr(arg1) == "start"/
+    {
+            self->trace = 0;
+    }
+
+It can be invoked like this:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  $ sudo dtrace -q -s call_stack.d -c "python3.6 script.py"
+
+The output looks like this::
+
+    156641360502280  function-entry:call_stack.py:start:23
+    156641360518804  function-entry: call_stack.py:function_1:1
+    156641360532797  function-entry:  call_stack.py:function_3:9
+    156641360546807 function-return:  call_stack.py:function_3:10
+    156641360563367 function-return: call_stack.py:function_1:2
+    156641360578365  function-entry: call_stack.py:function_2:5
+    156641360591757  function-entry:  call_stack.py:function_1:1
+    156641360605556  function-entry:   call_stack.py:function_3:9
+    156641360617482 function-return:   call_stack.py:function_3:10
+    156641360629814 function-return:  call_stack.py:function_1:2
+    156641360642285 function-return: call_stack.py:function_2:6
+    156641360656770  function-entry: call_stack.py:function_3:9
+    156641360669707 function-return: call_stack.py:function_3:10
+    156641360687853  function-entry: call_stack.py:function_4:13
+    156641360700719 function-return: call_stack.py:function_4:14
+    156641360719640  function-entry: call_stack.py:function_5:18
+    156641360732567 function-return: call_stack.py:function_5:21
+    156641360747370 function-return:call_stack.py:start:28
+
+
+Static SystemTap markers
+------------------------
+
+The low-level way to use the SystemTap integration is to use the static
+markers directly.  This requires you to explicitly state the binary file
+containing them.
+
+For example, this SystemTap script can be used to show the call/return
+hierarchy of a Python script:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+   probe process('python').mark("function__entry") {
+        filename = user_string($arg1);
+        funcname = user_string($arg2);
+        lineno = $arg3;
+
+        printf("%s => %s in %s:%d\\n",
+               thread_indent(1), funcname, filename, lineno);
+   }
+
+   probe process('python').mark("function__return") {
+       filename = user_string($arg1);
+       funcname = user_string($arg2);
+       lineno = $arg3;
+
+       printf("%s <= %s in %s:%d\\n",
+              thread_indent(-1), funcname, filename, lineno);
+   }
+
+It can be invoked like this:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   $ stap \
+     show-call-hierarchy.stp \
+     -c ./python test.py
+
+The output looks like this::
+
+   11408 python(8274):        => __contains__ in Lib/_abcoll.py:362
+   11414 python(8274):         => __getitem__ in Lib/os.py:425
+   11418 python(8274):          => encode in Lib/os.py:490
+   11424 python(8274):          <= encode in Lib/os.py:493
+   11428 python(8274):         <= __getitem__ in Lib/os.py:426
+   11433 python(8274):        <= __contains__ in Lib/_abcoll.py:366
+
+where the columns are:
+
+  - time in microseconds since start of script
+
+  - name of executable
+
+  - PID of process
+
+and the remainder indicates the call/return hierarchy as the script executes.
+
+For a `--enable-shared` build of CPython, the markers are contained within the
+libpython shared library, and the probe's dotted path needs to reflect this. For
+example, this line from the above example::
+
+   probe process('python').mark("function__entry") {
+
+should instead read::
+
+   probe process('python').library("libpython3.6dm.so.1.0").mark("function__entry") {
+
+(assuming a debug build of CPython 3.6)
+
+
+Available static markers
+------------------------
+
+.. I'm reusing the "c:function" type for markers
+
+.. c:function:: function__entry(str filename, str funcname, int lineno)
+
+   This marker indicates that execution of a Python function has begun.
+   It is only triggered for pure-Python (bytecode) functions.
+
+   The filename, function name, and line number are provided back to the
+   tracing script as positional arguments, which must be accessed using
+   `$arg1`, `$arg2`, `$arg3`:
+
+       * `$arg1` : `(const char *)` filename, accessible using `user_string($arg1)`
+
+       * `$arg2` : `(const char *)` function name, accessible using
+         `user_string($arg2)`
+
+       * `$arg3` : `int` line number
+
+.. c:function:: function__return(str filename, str funcname, int lineno)
+
+   This marker is the converse of `function__entry`, and indicates that
+   execution of a Python function has ended (either via ``return``, or
+   via an exception).  It is only triggered for pure-Python (bytecode)
+   functions.
+
+   The arguments are the same as for `function__entry`
+
+.. c:function:: line(str filename, str funcname, int lineno)
+
+   This marker indicates a Python line is about to be executed.  It is
+   the equivalent of line-by-line tracing with a Python profiler.  It is
+   not triggered within C functions.
+
+   The arguments are the same as for `function__entry`.
+
+.. c:function:: gc__start(int generation)
+
+   Fires when the Python interpreter starts a garbage collection cycle.
+   `arg0` is the generation to scan, like :func:`gc.collect()`.
+
+.. c:function:: gc__done(long collected)
+
+   Fires when the Python interpreter finishes a garbage collection
+   cycle. `arg0` is the number of collected objects.
+
+
+SystemTap Tapsets
+-----------------
+
+The higher-level way to use the SystemTap integration is to use a "tapset":
+SystemTap's equivalent of a library, which hides some of the lower-level
+details of the static markers.
+
+Here is a tapset file, based on a non-shared build of CPython:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    /*
+       Provide a higher-level wrapping around the function__entry and
+       function__return markers:
+     \*/
+    probe python.function.entry = process("python").mark("function__entry")
+    {
+        filename = user_string($arg1);
+        funcname = user_string($arg2);
+        lineno = $arg3;
+        frameptr = $arg4
+    }
+    probe python.function.return = process("python").mark("function__return")
+    {
+        filename = user_string($arg1);
+        funcname = user_string($arg2);
+        lineno = $arg3;
+        frameptr = $arg4
+    }
+
+If this file is installed in SystemTap's tapset directory (e.g.
+`/usr/share/systemtap/tapset`), then these additional probepoints become
+available:
+
+.. c:function:: python.function.entry(str filename, str funcname, int lineno, frameptr)
+
+   This probe point indicates that execution of a Python function has begun.
+   It is only triggered for pure-python (bytecode) functions.
+
+.. c:function:: python.function.return(str filename, str funcname, int lineno, frameptr)
+
+   This probe point is the converse of `python.function.return`, and indicates
+   that execution of a Python function has ended (either via ``return``, or
+   via an exception).  It is only triggered for pure-python (bytecode) functions.
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+This SystemTap script uses the tapset above to more cleanly implement the
+example given above of tracing the Python function-call hierarchy, without
+needing to directly name the static markers:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    probe python.function.entry
+    {
+      printf("%s => %s in %s:%d\n",
+             thread_indent(1), funcname, filename, lineno);
+    }
+
+    probe python.function.return
+    {
+      printf("%s <= %s in %s:%d\n",
+             thread_indent(-1), funcname, filename, lineno);
+    }
+
+
+The following script uses the tapset above to provide a top-like view of all
+running CPython code, showing the top 20 most frequently-entered bytecode
+frames, each second, across the whole system:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    global fn_calls;
+
+    probe python.function.entry
+    {
+        fn_calls[pid(), filename, funcname, lineno] += 1;
+    }
+
+    probe timer.ms(1000) {
+        printf("\033[2J\033[1;1H") /* clear screen \*/
+        printf("%6s %80s %6s %30s %6s\n",
+               "PID", "FILENAME", "LINE", "FUNCTION", "CALLS")
+        foreach ([pid, filename, funcname, lineno] in fn_calls- limit 20) {
+            printf("%6d %80s %6d %30s %6d\n",
+                pid, filename, lineno, funcname,
+                fn_calls[pid, filename, funcname, lineno]);
+        }
+        delete fn_calls;
+    }
+
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst
index d3dd337..7b4d0b3 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst
@@ -407,6 +407,31 @@
 (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26516` and :issue:`26564`.)
 
 
+DTrace and SystemTap probing support
+------------------------------------
+
+Python can now be built ``--with-dtrace`` which enables static markers
+for the following events in the interpreter:
+
+* function call/return
+
+* garbage collection started/finished
+
+* line of code executed.
+
+This can be used to instrument running interpreters in production,
+without the need to recompile specific debug builds or providing
+application-specific profiling/debugging code.
+
+More details in:ref:`instrumentation`.
+
+The current implementation is tested on Linux and macOS.  Additional
+markers may be added in the future.
+
+(Contributed by Łukasz Langa in :issue:`21590`, based on patches by
+Jesús Cea Avión, David Malcolm, and Nikhil Benesch.)
+
+
 .. _whatsnew-deforder:
 
 PEP 520: Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order
diff --git a/Include/pydtrace.d b/Include/pydtrace.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8836055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/pydtrace.d
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Python DTrace provider */
+
+provider python {
+    probe function__entry(const char *, const char *, int);
+    probe function__return(const char *, const char *, int);
+    probe instance__new__start(const char *, const char *);
+    probe instance__new__done(const char *, const char *);
+    probe instance__delete__start(const char *, const char *);
+    probe instance__delete__done(const char *, const char *);
+    probe line(const char *, const char *, int);
+    probe gc__start(int);
+    probe gc__done(long);
+};
+
+#pragma D attributes Evolving/Evolving/Common provider python provider
+#pragma D attributes Evolving/Evolving/Common provider python module
+#pragma D attributes Evolving/Evolving/Common provider python function
+#pragma D attributes Evolving/Evolving/Common provider python name
+#pragma D attributes Evolving/Evolving/Common provider python args
diff --git a/Include/pydtrace.h b/Include/pydtrace.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c06d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/pydtrace.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/* Static DTrace probes interface */
+
+#ifndef Py_DTRACE_H
+#define Py_DTRACE_H
+
+#ifdef WITH_DTRACE
+
+#include "pydtrace_probes.h"
+
+/* pydtrace_probes.h, on systems with DTrace, is auto-generated to include
+   `PyDTrace_{PROBE}` and `PyDTrace_{PROBE}_ENABLED()` macros for every probe
+   defined in pydtrace_provider.d.
+
+   Calling these functions must be guarded by a `PyDTrace_{PROBE}_ENABLED()`
+   check to minimize performance impact when probing is off. For example:
+
+       if (PyDTrace_FUNCTION_ENTRY_ENABLED())
+           PyDTrace_FUNCTION_ENTRY(f);
+*/
+
+#else
+
+/* Without DTrace, compile to nothing. */
+
+#define PyDTrace_LINE(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3) do ; while (0)
+#define PyDTrace_FUNCTION_ENTRY(arg0, arg1, arg2)  do ; while (0)
+#define PyDTrace_FUNCTION_RETURN(arg0, arg1, arg2) do ; while (0)
+#define PyDTrace_GC_START(arg0)               do ; while (0)
+#define PyDTrace_GC_DONE(arg0)                do ; while (0)
+#define PyDTrace_INSTANCE_NEW_START(arg0)     do ; while (0)
+#define PyDTrace_INSTANCE_NEW_DONE(arg0)      do ; while (0)
+#define PyDTrace_INSTANCE_DELETE_START(arg0)  do ; while (0)
+#define PyDTrace_INSTANCE_DELETE_DONE(arg0)   do ; while (0)
+
+#define PyDTrace_LINE_ENABLED()                  (0)
+#define PyDTrace_FUNCTION_ENTRY_ENABLED()        (0)
+#define PyDTrace_FUNCTION_RETURN_ENABLED()       (0)
+#define PyDTrace_GC_START_ENABLED()              (0)
+#define PyDTrace_GC_DONE_ENABLED()               (0)
+#define PyDTrace_INSTANCE_NEW_START_ENABLED()    (0)
+#define PyDTrace_INSTANCE_NEW_DONE_ENABLED()     (0)
+#define PyDTrace_INSTANCE_DELETE_START_ENABLED() (0)
+#define PyDTrace_INSTANCE_DELETE_DONE_ENABLED()  (0)
+
+#endif /* !WITH_DTRACE */
+
+#endif /* !Py_DTRACE_H */
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/assert_usable.d b/Lib/test/dtracedata/assert_usable.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b2d4da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/assert_usable.d
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+BEGIN
+{
+    printf("probe: success\n");
+    exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/assert_usable.stp b/Lib/test/dtracedata/assert_usable.stp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88e7e68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/assert_usable.stp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+probe begin
+{
+  println("probe: success")
+  exit ()
+}
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.d b/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..450e939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.d
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+self int indent;
+
+python$target:::function-entry
+/copyinstr(arg1) == "start"/
+{
+    self->trace = 1;
+}
+
+python$target:::function-entry
+/self->trace/
+{
+    printf("%d\t%*s:", timestamp, 15, probename);
+    printf("%*s", self->indent, ""); 
+    printf("%s:%s:%d\n", basename(copyinstr(arg0)), copyinstr(arg1), arg2);
+    self->indent++;
+}
+
+python$target:::function-return
+/self->trace/
+{
+    self->indent--;
+    printf("%d\t%*s:", timestamp, 15, probename);
+    printf("%*s", self->indent, ""); 
+    printf("%s:%s:%d\n", basename(copyinstr(arg0)), copyinstr(arg1), arg2);
+}
+
+python$target:::function-return
+/copyinstr(arg1) == "start"/
+{
+    self->trace = 0;
+}
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.d.expected b/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.d.expected
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27849d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.d.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+ function-entry:call_stack.py:start:23
+ function-entry: call_stack.py:function_1:1
+ function-entry:  call_stack.py:function_3:9
+function-return:  call_stack.py:function_3:10
+function-return: call_stack.py:function_1:2
+ function-entry: call_stack.py:function_2:5
+ function-entry:  call_stack.py:function_1:1
+ function-entry:   call_stack.py:function_3:9
+function-return:   call_stack.py:function_3:10
+function-return:  call_stack.py:function_1:2
+function-return: call_stack.py:function_2:6
+ function-entry: call_stack.py:function_3:9
+function-return: call_stack.py:function_3:10
+ function-entry: call_stack.py:function_4:13
+function-return: call_stack.py:function_4:14
+ function-entry: call_stack.py:function_5:18
+function-return: call_stack.py:function_5:21
+function-return:call_stack.py:start:28
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.py b/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee9f3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+def function_1():
+    function_3(1, 2)
+
+# Check stacktrace
+def function_2():
+    function_1()
+
+# CALL_FUNCTION_VAR
+def function_3(dummy, dummy2):
+    pass
+
+# CALL_FUNCTION_KW
+def function_4(**dummy):
+    return 1
+    return 2  # unreachable
+
+# CALL_FUNCTION_VAR_KW
+def function_5(dummy, dummy2, **dummy3):
+    if False:
+        return 7
+    return 8
+
+def start():
+    function_1()
+    function_2()
+    function_3(1, 2)
+    function_4(test=42)
+    function_5(*(1, 2), **{"test": 42})
+
+start()
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.stp b/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.stp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54082c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.stp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+global tracing
+
+function basename:string(path:string)
+{
+    last_token = token = tokenize(path, "/");
+    while (token != "") {
+        last_token = token;
+        token = tokenize("", "/");
+    }
+    return last_token;
+}
+
+probe process.mark("function__entry")
+{
+    funcname = user_string($arg2);
+
+    if (funcname == "start") {
+        tracing = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+probe process.mark("function__entry"), process.mark("function__return")
+{
+    filename = user_string($arg1);
+    funcname = user_string($arg2);
+    lineno = $arg3;
+
+    if (tracing) {
+        printf("%d\t%s:%s:%s:%d\n", gettimeofday_us(), $$name,
+               basename(filename), funcname, lineno);
+    }
+}
+
+probe process.mark("function__return")
+{
+    funcname = user_string($arg2);
+
+    if (funcname == "start") {
+        tracing = 0;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.stp.expected b/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.stp.expected
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32cf396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/call_stack.stp.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+function__entry:call_stack.py:start:23
+function__entry:call_stack.py:function_1:1
+function__return:call_stack.py:function_1:2
+function__entry:call_stack.py:function_2:5
+function__entry:call_stack.py:function_1:1
+function__return:call_stack.py:function_1:2
+function__return:call_stack.py:function_2:6
+function__entry:call_stack.py:function_3:9
+function__return:call_stack.py:function_3:10
+function__entry:call_stack.py:function_4:13
+function__return:call_stack.py:function_4:14
+function__entry:call_stack.py:function_5:18
+function__return:call_stack.py:function_5:21
+function__return:call_stack.py:start:28
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.d b/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d91487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.d
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+python$target:::function-entry
+/copyinstr(arg1) == "start"/
+{
+    self->trace = 1;
+}
+
+python$target:::gc-start,
+python$target:::gc-done
+/self->trace/
+{
+    printf("%d\t%s:%ld\n", timestamp, probename, arg0);
+}
+
+python$target:::function-return
+/copyinstr(arg1) == "start"/
+{
+    self->trace = 0;
+}
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.d.expected b/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.d.expected
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e5ac2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.d.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+gc-start:0
+gc-done:0
+gc-start:1
+gc-done:0
+gc-start:2
+gc-done:0
+gc-start:2
+gc-done:1
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.py b/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..144a783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import gc
+
+def start():
+    gc.collect(0)
+    gc.collect(1)
+    gc.collect(2)
+    l = []
+    l.append(l)
+    del l
+    gc.collect(2)
+
+gc.collect()
+start()
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.stp b/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.stp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..162c6d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.stp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+global tracing
+
+probe process.mark("function__entry")
+{
+    funcname = user_string($arg2);
+
+    if (funcname == "start") {
+        tracing = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+probe process.mark("gc__start"), process.mark("gc__done")
+{
+    if (tracing) {
+        printf("%d\t%s:%ld\n", gettimeofday_us(), $$name, $arg1);
+    }
+}
+
+probe process.mark("function__return")
+{
+    funcname = user_string($arg2);
+
+    if (funcname == "start") {
+        tracing = 0;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.stp.expected b/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.stp.expected
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e6e622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/gc.stp.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+gc__start:0
+gc__done:0
+gc__start:1
+gc__done:0
+gc__start:2
+gc__done:0
+gc__start:2
+gc__done:1
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/instance.py b/Lib/test/dtracedata/instance.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f142137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/instance.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import gc
+
+class old_style_class():
+    pass
+class new_style_class(object):
+    pass
+
+a = old_style_class()
+del a
+gc.collect()
+b = new_style_class()
+del b
+gc.collect()
+
+a = old_style_class()
+del old_style_class
+gc.collect()
+b = new_style_class()
+del new_style_class
+gc.collect()
+del a
+gc.collect()
+del b
+gc.collect()
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/line.d b/Lib/test/dtracedata/line.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03f22db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/line.d
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+python$target:::line
+/(copyinstr(arg1)=="test_line")/
+{
+    printf("%d\t%s:%s:%s:%d\n", timestamp,
+        probename, basename(copyinstr(arg0)),
+        copyinstr(arg1), arg2);
+}
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/line.d.expected b/Lib/test/dtracedata/line.d.expected
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b16ce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/line.d.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+line:line.py:test_line:2
+line:line.py:test_line:3
+line:line.py:test_line:4
+line:line.py:test_line:5
+line:line.py:test_line:6
+line:line.py:test_line:7
+line:line.py:test_line:8
+line:line.py:test_line:9
+line:line.py:test_line:10
+line:line.py:test_line:11
+line:line.py:test_line:4
+line:line.py:test_line:5
+line:line.py:test_line:6
+line:line.py:test_line:7
+line:line.py:test_line:8
+line:line.py:test_line:10
+line:line.py:test_line:11
+line:line.py:test_line:4
+line:line.py:test_line:12
+line:line.py:test_line:13
diff --git a/Lib/test/dtracedata/line.py b/Lib/test/dtracedata/line.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0930ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/dtracedata/line.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+def test_line():
+    a = 1
+    print('# Preamble', a)
+    for i in range(2):
+        a = i
+        b = i+2
+        c = i+3
+        if c < 4:
+            a = c
+        d = a + b +c
+        print('#', a, b, c, d)
+    a = 1
+    print('# Epilogue', a)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_line()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dtrace.py b/Lib/test/test_dtrace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca239b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dtrace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+import dis
+import os.path
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import types
+import unittest
+
+from test.support import findfile, run_unittest
+
+
+def abspath(filename):
+    return os.path.abspath(findfile(filename, subdir="dtracedata"))
+
+
+def normalize_trace_output(output):
+    """Normalize DTrace output for comparison.
+
+    DTrace keeps a per-CPU buffer, and when showing the fired probes, buffers
+    are concatenated. So if the operating system moves our thread around, the
+    straight result can be "non-causal". So we add timestamps to the probe
+    firing, sort by that field, then strip it from the output"""
+
+    # When compiling with '--with-pydebug', strip '[# refs]' debug output.
+    output = re.sub(r"\[[0-9]+ refs\]", "", output)
+    try:
+        result = [
+            row.split("\t")
+            for row in output.splitlines()
+            if row and not row.startswith('#')
+        ]
+        result.sort(key=lambda row: int(row[0]))
+        result = [row[1] for row in result]
+        return "\n".join(result)
+    except (IndexError, ValueError):
+        raise AssertionError(
+            "tracer produced unparseable output:\n{}".format(output)
+        )
+
+
+class TraceBackend:
+    EXTENSION = None
+    COMMAND = None
+    COMMAND_ARGS = []
+
+    def run_case(self, name, optimize_python=None):
+        actual_output = normalize_trace_output(self.trace_python(
+            script_file=abspath(name + self.EXTENSION),
+            python_file=abspath(name + ".py"),
+            optimize_python=optimize_python))
+
+        with open(abspath(name + self.EXTENSION + ".expected")) as f:
+            expected_output = f.read().rstrip()
+
+        return (expected_output, actual_output)
+
+    def generate_trace_command(self, script_file, subcommand=None):
+        command = self.COMMAND + [script_file]
+        if subcommand:
+            command += ["-c", subcommand]
+        return command
+
+    def trace(self, script_file, subcommand=None):
+        command = self.generate_trace_command(script_file, subcommand)
+        stdout, _ = subprocess.Popen(command,
+                                     stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                     stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+                                     universal_newlines=True).communicate()
+        return stdout
+
+    def trace_python(self, script_file, python_file, optimize_python=None):
+        python_flags = []
+        if optimize_python:
+            python_flags.extend(["-O"] * optimize_python)
+        subcommand = " ".join([sys.executable] + python_flags + [python_file])
+        return self.trace(script_file, subcommand)
+
+    def assert_usable(self):
+        try:
+            output = self.trace(abspath("assert_usable" + self.EXTENSION))
+            output = output.strip()
+        except FileNotFoundError as fnfe:
+            output = str(fnfe)
+        if output != "probe: success":
+            raise unittest.SkipTest(
+                "{}(1) failed: {}".format(self.COMMAND[0], output)
+            )
+
+
+class DTraceBackend(TraceBackend):
+    EXTENSION = ".d"
+    COMMAND = ["dtrace", "-q", "-s"]
+
+
+class SystemTapBackend(TraceBackend):
+    EXTENSION = ".stp"
+    COMMAND = ["stap", "-g"]
+
+
+class TraceTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    # unittest.TestCase options
+    maxDiff = None
+
+    # TraceTests options
+    backend = None
+    optimize_python = 0
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(self):
+        self.backend.assert_usable()
+
+    def run_case(self, name):
+        actual_output, expected_output = self.backend.run_case(
+            name, optimize_python=self.optimize_python)
+        self.assertEqual(actual_output, expected_output)
+
+    def test_function_entry_return(self):
+        self.run_case("call_stack")
+
+    def test_verify_call_opcodes(self):
+        """Ensure our call stack test hits all function call opcodes"""
+
+        opcodes = set(["CALL_FUNCTION", "CALL_FUNCTION_EX", "CALL_FUNCTION_KW"])
+
+        with open(abspath("call_stack.py")) as f:
+            code_string = f.read()
+
+        def get_function_instructions(funcname):
+            # Recompile with appropriate optimization setting
+            code = compile(source=code_string,
+                           filename="<string>",
+                           mode="exec",
+                           optimize=self.optimize_python)
+
+            for c in code.co_consts:
+                if isinstance(c, types.CodeType) and c.co_name == funcname:
+                    return dis.get_instructions(c)
+            return []
+
+        for instruction in get_function_instructions('start'):
+            opcodes.discard(instruction.opname)
+
+        self.assertEqual(set(), opcodes)
+
+    def test_gc(self):
+        self.run_case("gc")
+
+    def test_line(self):
+        self.run_case("line")
+
+
+class DTraceNormalTests(TraceTests):
+    backend = DTraceBackend()
+    optimize_python = 0
+
+
+class DTraceOptimizedTests(TraceTests):
+    backend = DTraceBackend()
+    optimize_python = 2
+
+
+class SystemTapNormalTests(TraceTests):
+    backend = SystemTapBackend()
+    optimize_python = 0
+
+
+class SystemTapOptimizedTests(TraceTests):
+    backend = SystemTapBackend()
+    optimize_python = 2
+
+
+def test_main():
+    run_unittest(DTraceNormalTests, DTraceOptimizedTests, SystemTapNormalTests,
+                 SystemTapOptimizedTests)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_main()
diff --git a/Makefile.pre.in b/Makefile.pre.in
index 4445b24..908ca52 100644
--- a/Makefile.pre.in
+++ b/Makefile.pre.in
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@
 LLVM_PROF_MERGER=@LLVM_PROF_MERGER@
 LLVM_PROF_FILE=@LLVM_PROF_FILE@
 LLVM_PROF_ERR=@LLVM_PROF_ERR@
+DTRACE=         @DTRACE@
+DFLAGS=         @DFLAGS@
+DTRACE_HEADERS= @DTRACE_HEADERS@
+DTRACE_OBJS=    @DTRACE_OBJS@
 
 GNULD=		@GNULD@
 
@@ -315,7 +319,7 @@
 OPCODE_H_SCRIPT= $(srcdir)/Tools/scripts/generate_opcode_h.py
 OPCODE_H=	$(OPCODE_H_DIR)/opcode.h
 OPCODE_H_GEN=	$(PYTHON_FOR_GEN) $(OPCODE_H_SCRIPT) $(srcdir)/Lib/opcode.py $(OPCODE_H)
-#
+
 ##########################################################################
 # AST
 AST_H_DIR=	Include
@@ -391,7 +395,8 @@
 		Python/$(DYNLOADFILE) \
 		$(LIBOBJS) \
 		$(MACHDEP_OBJS) \
-		$(THREADOBJ)
+		$(THREADOBJ) \
+		$(DTRACE_OBJS)
 
 
 ##########################################################################
@@ -451,6 +456,15 @@
 		$(LIBRARY_OBJS_OMIT_FROZEN) \
 		Python/frozen.o
 
+##########################################################################
+# DTrace
+
+# On some systems, object files that reference DTrace probes need to be modified
+# in-place by dtrace(1).
+DTRACE_DEPS = \
+	Python/ceval.o
+# XXX: should gcmodule, etc. be here, too?
+
 #########################################################################
 # Rules
 
@@ -852,6 +866,18 @@
 
 Python/frozen.o: Python/importlib.h Python/importlib_external.h
 
+# Generate DTrace probe macros, then rename them (PYTHON_ -> PyDTrace_) to
+# follow our naming conventions. dtrace(1) uses the output filename to generate
+# an include guard, so we can't use a pipeline to transform its output.
+Include/pydtrace_probes.h: $(srcdir)/Include/pydtrace.d
+	$(DTRACE) $(DFLAGS) -o $@ -h -s $<
+	: sed in-place edit with POSIX-only tools
+	sed 's/PYTHON_/PyDTrace_/' $@ > $@.tmp
+	mv $@.tmp $@
+
+Python/pydtrace.o: $(srcdir)/Include/pydtrace.d $(DTRACE_DEPS)
+	$(DTRACE) $(DFLAGS) -o $@ -G -s $< $(DTRACE_DEPS)
+
 Objects/typeobject.o: Objects/typeslots.inc
 Objects/typeslots.inc: $(srcdir)/Include/typeslots.h $(srcdir)/Objects/typeslots.py
 	$(PYTHON_FOR_GEN) $(srcdir)/Objects/typeslots.py < $(srcdir)/Include/typeslots.h Objects/typeslots.inc
@@ -918,6 +944,7 @@
 		$(srcdir)/Include/pycapsule.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/pyctype.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/pydebug.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/pydtrace.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/pyerrors.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/pyfpe.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/pyhash.h \
@@ -949,7 +976,8 @@
 		$(srcdir)/Include/weakrefobject.h \
 		pyconfig.h \
 		$(PARSER_HEADERS) \
-		$(AST_H)
+		$(AST_H) \
+		$(DTRACE_HEADERS)
 
 $(LIBRARY_OBJS) $(MODOBJS) Programs/python.o: $(PYTHON_HEADERS)
 
@@ -1158,6 +1186,7 @@
 		test/audiodata \
 		test/capath test/data \
 		test/cjkencodings test/decimaltestdata test/xmltestdata \
+		test/dtracedata \
 		test/eintrdata \
 		test/imghdrdata \
 		test/libregrtest \
@@ -1569,6 +1598,7 @@
 	-rm -f Lib/lib2to3/*Grammar*.pickle
 	-rm -f Programs/_testembed Programs/_freeze_importlib
 	-find build -type f -a ! -name '*.gc??' -exec rm -f {} ';'
+	-rm -f Include/pydtrace_probes.h
 
 profile-removal:
 	find . -name '*.gc??' -exec rm -f {} ';'
diff --git a/Misc/ACKS b/Misc/ACKS
index 414cda9..0aeb1b1 100644
--- a/Misc/ACKS
+++ b/Misc/ACKS
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@
 Thomas Bellman
 Alexander “Саша” Belopolsky
 Eli Bendersky
+Nikhil Benesch
 David Benjamin
 Oscar Benjamin
 Andrew Bennetts
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS
index 28d9bb1b..a6979dc 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS
+++ b/Misc/NEWS
@@ -329,6 +329,8 @@
   make time when --with-optimizations is enabled.  Also improve our
   ability to find the llvm-profdata tool on MacOS and some Linuxes.
 
+- Issue #21590: Support for DTrace and SystemTap probes.
+
 - Issue #26307: The profile-opt build now applys PGO to the built-in modules.
 
 - Issue #26539: Add the --with-optimizations flag to turn on LTO and PGO build
diff --git a/Modules/gcmodule.c b/Modules/gcmodule.c
index 07950a6..2575d96 100644
--- a/Modules/gcmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/gcmodule.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "frameobject.h"        /* for PyFrame_ClearFreeList */
+#include "pydtrace.h"
 #include "pytime.h"             /* for _PyTime_GetMonotonicClock() */
 
 /* Get an object's GC head */
@@ -925,6 +926,9 @@
         PySys_WriteStderr("\n");
     }
 
+    if (PyDTrace_GC_START_ENABLED())
+        PyDTrace_GC_START(generation);
+
     /* update collection and allocation counters */
     if (generation+1 < NUM_GENERATIONS)
         generations[generation+1].count += 1;
@@ -1069,6 +1073,10 @@
     stats->collections++;
     stats->collected += m;
     stats->uncollectable += n;
+
+    if (PyDTrace_GC_DONE_ENABLED())
+        PyDTrace_GC_DONE(n+m);
+
     return n+m;
 }
 
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index d3bd8b5..a396e81 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "dictobject.h"
 #include "frameobject.h"
 #include "opcode.h"
+#include "pydtrace.h"
 #include "setobject.h"
 #include "structmember.h"
 
@@ -50,6 +51,9 @@
                            PyThreadState *, PyFrameObject *);
 static int maybe_call_line_trace(Py_tracefunc, PyObject *,
                                  PyThreadState *, PyFrameObject *, int *, int *, int *);
+static void maybe_dtrace_line(PyFrameObject *, int *, int *, int *);
+static void dtrace_function_entry(PyFrameObject *);
+static void dtrace_function_return(PyFrameObject *);
 
 static PyObject * cmp_outcome(int, PyObject *, PyObject *);
 static PyObject * import_name(PyFrameObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
@@ -822,7 +826,7 @@
 #ifdef LLTRACE
 #define FAST_DISPATCH() \
     { \
-        if (!lltrace && !_Py_TracingPossible) { \
+        if (!lltrace && !_Py_TracingPossible && !PyDTrace_LINE_ENABLED()) { \
             f->f_lasti = INSTR_OFFSET(); \
             NEXTOPARG(); \
             goto *opcode_targets[opcode]; \
@@ -832,7 +836,7 @@
 #else
 #define FAST_DISPATCH() \
     { \
-        if (!_Py_TracingPossible) { \
+        if (!_Py_TracingPossible && !PyDTrace_LINE_ENABLED()) { \
             f->f_lasti = INSTR_OFFSET(); \
             NEXTOPARG(); \
             goto *opcode_targets[opcode]; \
@@ -1042,6 +1046,9 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (PyDTrace_FUNCTION_ENTRY_ENABLED())
+        dtrace_function_entry(f);
+
     co = f->f_code;
     names = co->co_names;
     consts = co->co_consts;
@@ -1162,6 +1169,9 @@
     fast_next_opcode:
         f->f_lasti = INSTR_OFFSET();
 
+        if (PyDTrace_LINE_ENABLED())
+            maybe_dtrace_line(f, &instr_lb, &instr_ub, &instr_prev);
+
         /* line-by-line tracing support */
 
         if (_Py_TracingPossible &&
@@ -3620,6 +3630,8 @@
 
     /* pop frame */
 exit_eval_frame:
+    if (PyDTrace_FUNCTION_RETURN_ENABLED())
+        dtrace_function_return(f);
     Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
     f->f_executing = 0;
     tstate->frame = f->f_back;
@@ -5415,3 +5427,65 @@
     tstate->co_extra_freefuncs[new_index] = free;
     return new_index;
 }
+
+static void
+dtrace_function_entry(PyFrameObject *f)
+{
+    char* filename;
+    char* funcname;
+    int lineno;
+
+    filename = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(f->f_code->co_filename);
+    funcname = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(f->f_code->co_name);
+    lineno = PyCode_Addr2Line(f->f_code, f->f_lasti);
+
+    PyDTrace_FUNCTION_ENTRY(filename, funcname, lineno);
+}
+
+static void
+dtrace_function_return(PyFrameObject *f)
+{
+    char* filename;
+    char* funcname;
+    int lineno;
+
+    filename = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(f->f_code->co_filename);
+    funcname = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(f->f_code->co_name);
+    lineno = PyCode_Addr2Line(f->f_code, f->f_lasti);
+
+    PyDTrace_FUNCTION_RETURN(filename, funcname, lineno);
+}
+
+/* DTrace equivalent of maybe_call_line_trace. */
+static void
+maybe_dtrace_line(PyFrameObject *frame,
+                  int *instr_lb, int *instr_ub, int *instr_prev)
+{
+    int line = frame->f_lineno;
+    char *co_filename, *co_name;
+
+    /* If the last instruction executed isn't in the current
+       instruction window, reset the window.
+    */
+    if (frame->f_lasti < *instr_lb || frame->f_lasti >= *instr_ub) {
+        PyAddrPair bounds;
+        line = _PyCode_CheckLineNumber(frame->f_code, frame->f_lasti,
+                                       &bounds);
+        *instr_lb = bounds.ap_lower;
+        *instr_ub = bounds.ap_upper;
+    }
+    /* If the last instruction falls at the start of a line or if
+       it represents a jump backwards, update the frame's line
+       number and call the trace function. */
+    if (frame->f_lasti == *instr_lb || frame->f_lasti < *instr_prev) {
+        frame->f_lineno = line;
+        co_filename = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(frame->f_code->co_filename);
+        if (!co_filename)
+            co_filename = "?";
+        co_name = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(frame->f_code->co_name);
+        if (!co_name)
+            co_name = "?";
+        PyDTrace_LINE(co_filename, co_name, line);
+    }
+    *instr_prev = frame->f_lasti;
+}
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 3998a32..fae0791 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -642,6 +642,10 @@
 MACHDEP_OBJS
 DYNLOADFILE
 DLINCLDIR
+DTRACE_OBJS
+DTRACE_HEADERS
+DFLAGS
+DTRACE
 THREADOBJ
 LDLAST
 USE_THREAD_MODULE
@@ -713,6 +717,7 @@
 ac_ct_CXX
 MAINCC
 CXX
+SED
 GREP
 CPP
 OBJEXT
@@ -780,7 +785,6 @@
 docdir
 oldincludedir
 includedir
-runstatedir
 localstatedir
 sharedstatedir
 sysconfdir
@@ -832,6 +836,7 @@
 with_doc_strings
 with_pymalloc
 with_valgrind
+with_dtrace
 with_fpectl
 with_libm
 with_libc
@@ -890,7 +895,6 @@
 sysconfdir='${prefix}/etc'
 sharedstatedir='${prefix}/com'
 localstatedir='${prefix}/var'
-runstatedir='${localstatedir}/run'
 includedir='${prefix}/include'
 oldincludedir='/usr/include'
 docdir='${datarootdir}/doc/${PACKAGE_TARNAME}'
@@ -1143,15 +1147,6 @@
   | -silent | --silent | --silen | --sile | --sil)
     silent=yes ;;
 
-  -runstatedir | --runstatedir | --runstatedi | --runstated \
-  | --runstate | --runstat | --runsta | --runst | --runs \
-  | --run | --ru | --r)
-    ac_prev=runstatedir ;;
-  -runstatedir=* | --runstatedir=* | --runstatedi=* | --runstated=* \
-  | --runstate=* | --runstat=* | --runsta=* | --runst=* | --runs=* \
-  | --run=* | --ru=* | --r=*)
-    runstatedir=$ac_optarg ;;
-
   -sbindir | --sbindir | --sbindi | --sbind | --sbin | --sbi | --sb)
     ac_prev=sbindir ;;
   -sbindir=* | --sbindir=* | --sbindi=* | --sbind=* | --sbin=* \
@@ -1289,7 +1284,7 @@
 for ac_var in	exec_prefix prefix bindir sbindir libexecdir datarootdir \
 		datadir sysconfdir sharedstatedir localstatedir includedir \
 		oldincludedir docdir infodir htmldir dvidir pdfdir psdir \
-		libdir localedir mandir runstatedir
+		libdir localedir mandir
 do
   eval ac_val=\$$ac_var
   # Remove trailing slashes.
@@ -1442,7 +1437,6 @@
   --sysconfdir=DIR        read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
   --sharedstatedir=DIR    modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
   --localstatedir=DIR     modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
-  --runstatedir=DIR       modifiable per-process data [LOCALSTATEDIR/run]
   --libdir=DIR            object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
   --includedir=DIR        C header files [PREFIX/include]
   --oldincludedir=DIR     C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
@@ -1535,6 +1529,7 @@
   --with(out)-doc-strings disable/enable documentation strings
   --with(out)-pymalloc    disable/enable specialized mallocs
   --with-valgrind         Enable Valgrind support
+  --with(out)-dtrace      disable/enable DTrace support
   --with-fpectl           enable SIGFPE catching
   --with-libm=STRING      math library
   --with-libc=STRING      C library
@@ -4581,6 +4576,75 @@
  GREP="$ac_cv_path_GREP"
 
 
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for a sed that does not truncate output" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for a sed that does not truncate output... " >&6; }
+if ${ac_cv_path_SED+:} false; then :
+  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+            ac_script=s/aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb/
+     for ac_i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+       ac_script="$ac_script$as_nl$ac_script"
+     done
+     echo "$ac_script" 2>/dev/null | sed 99q >conftest.sed
+     { ac_script=; unset ac_script;}
+     if test -z "$SED"; then
+  ac_path_SED_found=false
+  # Loop through the user's path and test for each of PROGNAME-LIST
+  as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
+for as_dir in $PATH
+do
+  IFS=$as_save_IFS
+  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
+    for ac_prog in sed gsed; do
+    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
+      ac_path_SED="$as_dir/$ac_prog$ac_exec_ext"
+      as_fn_executable_p "$ac_path_SED" || continue
+# Check for GNU ac_path_SED and select it if it is found.
+  # Check for GNU $ac_path_SED
+case `"$ac_path_SED" --version 2>&1` in
+*GNU*)
+  ac_cv_path_SED="$ac_path_SED" ac_path_SED_found=:;;
+*)
+  ac_count=0
+  $as_echo_n 0123456789 >"conftest.in"
+  while :
+  do
+    cat "conftest.in" "conftest.in" >"conftest.tmp"
+    mv "conftest.tmp" "conftest.in"
+    cp "conftest.in" "conftest.nl"
+    $as_echo '' >> "conftest.nl"
+    "$ac_path_SED" -f conftest.sed < "conftest.nl" >"conftest.out" 2>/dev/null || break
+    diff "conftest.out" "conftest.nl" >/dev/null 2>&1 || break
+    as_fn_arith $ac_count + 1 && ac_count=$as_val
+    if test $ac_count -gt ${ac_path_SED_max-0}; then
+      # Best one so far, save it but keep looking for a better one
+      ac_cv_path_SED="$ac_path_SED"
+      ac_path_SED_max=$ac_count
+    fi
+    # 10*(2^10) chars as input seems more than enough
+    test $ac_count -gt 10 && break
+  done
+  rm -f conftest.in conftest.tmp conftest.nl conftest.out;;
+esac
+
+      $ac_path_SED_found && break 3
+    done
+  done
+  done
+IFS=$as_save_IFS
+  if test -z "$ac_cv_path_SED"; then
+    as_fn_error $? "no acceptable sed could be found in \$PATH" "$LINENO" 5
+  fi
+else
+  ac_cv_path_SED=$SED
+fi
+
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_path_SED" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_path_SED" >&6; }
+ SED="$ac_cv_path_SED"
+  rm -f conftest.sed
+
 
 
 
@@ -10864,6 +10928,102 @@
     OPT="-DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 $OPT"
 fi
 
+# Check for DTrace support
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --with-dtrace" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for --with-dtrace... " >&6; }
+
+# Check whether --with-dtrace was given.
+if test "${with_dtrace+set}" = set; then :
+  withval=$with_dtrace;
+else
+  with_dtrace=no
+fi
+
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_dtrace" >&5
+$as_echo "$with_dtrace" >&6; }
+
+
+
+
+
+DTRACE=
+DFLAGS=
+DTRACE_HEADERS=
+DTRACE_OBJS=
+
+if test "$with_dtrace" = "yes"
+then
+    # Extract the first word of "dtrace", so it can be a program name with args.
+set dummy dtrace; ac_word=$2
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for $ac_word" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_word... " >&6; }
+if ${ac_cv_path_DTRACE+:} false; then :
+  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+  case $DTRACE in
+  [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]*)
+  ac_cv_path_DTRACE="$DTRACE" # Let the user override the test with a path.
+  ;;
+  *)
+  as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR
+for as_dir in $PATH
+do
+  IFS=$as_save_IFS
+  test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=.
+    for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do
+  if as_fn_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then
+    ac_cv_path_DTRACE="$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"
+    $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5
+    break 2
+  fi
+done
+  done
+IFS=$as_save_IFS
+
+  test -z "$ac_cv_path_DTRACE" && ac_cv_path_DTRACE="not found"
+  ;;
+esac
+fi
+DTRACE=$ac_cv_path_DTRACE
+if test -n "$DTRACE"; then
+  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $DTRACE" >&5
+$as_echo "$DTRACE" >&6; }
+else
+  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
+$as_echo "no" >&6; }
+fi
+
+
+    if test "$DTRACE" = "not found"; then
+        as_fn_error $? "dtrace command not found on \$PATH" "$LINENO" 5
+    fi
+
+$as_echo "#define WITH_DTRACE 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+    DTRACE_HEADERS="Include/pydtrace_probes.h"
+
+    # On OS X, DTrace providers do not need to be explicitly compiled and
+    # linked into the binary. Correspondingly, dtrace(1) is missing the ELF
+    # generation flag '-G'. We check for presence of this flag, rather than
+    # hardcoding support by OS, in the interest of robustness.
+    { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether DTrace probes require linking" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking whether DTrace probes require linking... " >&6; }
+if ${ac_cv_dtrace_link+:} false; then :
+  $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+              ac_cv_dtrace_link=no
+            echo 'BEGIN' > conftest.d
+            "$DTRACE" -G -s conftest.d -o conftest.o > /dev/null 2>&1 && \
+                ac_cv_dtrace_link=yes
+
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_dtrace_link" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_dtrace_link" >&6; }
+    if test "$ac_cv_dtrace_link" = "yes"; then
+        DTRACE_OBJS="Python/pydtrace.o"
+    fi
+fi
+
 # -I${DLINCLDIR} is added to the compile rule for importdl.o
 
 DLINCLDIR=.
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 269c41e..b1af05e 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -694,6 +694,7 @@
 AC_PROG_CC
 AC_PROG_CPP
 AC_PROG_GREP
+AC_PROG_SED
 
 AC_SUBST(CXX)
 AC_SUBST(MAINCC)
@@ -3245,6 +3246,47 @@
     OPT="-DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 $OPT"
 fi
 
+# Check for DTrace support
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(for --with-dtrace)
+AC_ARG_WITH(dtrace,
+  AC_HELP_STRING(--with(out)-dtrace, [disable/enable DTrace support]),,
+  with_dtrace=no)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($with_dtrace)
+
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE)
+AC_SUBST(DFLAGS)
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE_HEADERS)
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE_OBJS)
+DTRACE=
+DFLAGS=
+DTRACE_HEADERS=
+DTRACE_OBJS=
+
+if test "$with_dtrace" = "yes"
+then
+    AC_PATH_PROG(DTRACE, [dtrace], [not found])
+    if test "$DTRACE" = "not found"; then
+        AC_MSG_ERROR([dtrace command not found on \$PATH])
+    fi
+    AC_DEFINE(WITH_DTRACE, 1, [Define if you want to compile in DTrace support])
+    DTRACE_HEADERS="Include/pydtrace_probes.h"
+
+    # On OS X, DTrace providers do not need to be explicitly compiled and
+    # linked into the binary. Correspondingly, dtrace(1) is missing the ELF
+    # generation flag '-G'. We check for presence of this flag, rather than
+    # hardcoding support by OS, in the interest of robustness.
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether DTrace probes require linking],
+        [ac_cv_dtrace_link], [dnl
+            ac_cv_dtrace_link=no
+            echo 'BEGIN' > conftest.d
+            "$DTRACE" -G -s conftest.d -o conftest.o > /dev/null 2>&1 && \
+                ac_cv_dtrace_link=yes
+      ])
+    if test "$ac_cv_dtrace_link" = "yes"; then
+        DTRACE_OBJS="Python/pydtrace.o"
+    fi
+fi
+
 # -I${DLINCLDIR} is added to the compile rule for importdl.o
 AC_SUBST(DLINCLDIR)
 DLINCLDIR=.
diff --git a/pyconfig.h.in b/pyconfig.h.in
index 7682c48..d3f61f7 100644
--- a/pyconfig.h.in
+++ b/pyconfig.h.in
@@ -1370,6 +1370,9 @@
 /* Define if you want documentation strings in extension modules */
 #undef WITH_DOC_STRINGS
 
+/* Define if you want to compile in DTrace support */
+#undef WITH_DTRACE
+
 /* Define if you want to use the new-style (Openstep, Rhapsody, MacOS) dynamic
    linker (dyld) instead of the old-style (NextStep) dynamic linker (rld).
    Dyld is necessary to support frameworks. */