diff --git a/Lib/distutils/command/install.py b/Lib/distutils/command/install.py
index aaa300e..bdead13 100644
--- a/Lib/distutils/command/install.py
+++ b/Lib/distutils/command/install.py
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 
 from site import USER_BASE
 from site import USER_SITE
-HAS_USER_SITE = True
+
+HAS_USER_SITE = (USER_SITE is not None)
 
 WINDOWS_SCHEME = {
     'purelib': '$base/Lib/site-packages',
@@ -169,8 +170,9 @@ def initialize_options(self):
         self.install_lib = None         # set to either purelib or platlib
         self.install_scripts = None
         self.install_data = None
-        self.install_userbase = USER_BASE
-        self.install_usersite = USER_SITE
+        if HAS_USER_SITE:
+            self.install_userbase = USER_BASE
+            self.install_usersite = USER_SITE
 
         self.compile = None
         self.optimize = None
@@ -343,8 +345,9 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         # Convert directories from Unix /-separated syntax to the local
         # convention.
         self.convert_paths('lib', 'purelib', 'platlib',
-                           'scripts', 'data', 'headers',
-                           'userbase', 'usersite')
+                           'scripts', 'data', 'headers')
+        if HAS_USER_SITE:
+            self.convert_paths('userbase', 'usersite')
 
         # Deprecated
         # Well, we're not actually fully completely finalized yet: we still
diff --git a/Lib/distutils/tests/test_install.py b/Lib/distutils/tests/test_install.py
index 51c80e0..21a7b7c 100644
--- a/Lib/distutils/tests/test_install.py
+++ b/Lib/distutils/tests/test_install.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from test.support import captured_stdout, run_unittest
 
 from distutils import sysconfig
-from distutils.command.install import install
+from distutils.command.install import install, HAS_USER_SITE
 from distutils.command import install as install_module
 from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext
 from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ def check_path(got, expected):
         check_path(cmd.install_scripts, os.path.join(destination, "bin"))
         check_path(cmd.install_data, destination)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_USER_SITE, 'need user site')
     def test_user_site(self):
         # test install with --user
         # preparing the environment for the test
@@ -93,8 +94,9 @@ def cleanup():
 
         self.addCleanup(cleanup)
 
-        for key in ('nt_user', 'unix_user'):
-            self.assertIn(key, INSTALL_SCHEMES)
+        if HAS_USER_SITE:
+            for key in ('nt_user', 'unix_user'):
+                self.assertIn(key, INSTALL_SCHEMES)
 
         dist = Distribution({'name': 'xx'})
         cmd = install(dist)
diff --git a/Lib/site.py b/Lib/site.py
index 3a0f619..5f1b31e 100644
--- a/Lib/site.py
+++ b/Lib/site.py
@@ -264,6 +264,10 @@ def _getuserbase():
     if env_base:
         return env_base
 
+    # VxWorks has no home directories
+    if sys.platform == "vxworks":
+        return None
+
     def joinuser(*args):
         return os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(*args))
 
@@ -311,11 +315,14 @@ def getusersitepackages():
     If the global variable ``USER_SITE`` is not initialized yet, this
     function will also set it.
     """
-    global USER_SITE
+    global USER_SITE, ENABLE_USER_SITE
     userbase = getuserbase() # this will also set USER_BASE
 
     if USER_SITE is None:
-        USER_SITE = _get_path(userbase)
+        if userbase is None:
+            ENABLE_USER_SITE = False # disable user site and return None
+        else:
+            USER_SITE = _get_path(userbase)
 
     return USER_SITE
 
@@ -630,11 +637,14 @@ def _script():
         for dir in sys.path:
             print("    %r," % (dir,))
         print("]")
-        print("USER_BASE: %r (%s)" % (user_base,
-            "exists" if os.path.isdir(user_base) else "doesn't exist"))
-        print("USER_SITE: %r (%s)" % (user_site,
-            "exists" if os.path.isdir(user_site) else "doesn't exist"))
-        print("ENABLE_USER_SITE: %r" %  ENABLE_USER_SITE)
+        def exists(path):
+            if path is not None and os.path.isdir(path):
+                return "exists"
+            else:
+                return "doesn't exist"
+        print(f"USER_BASE: {user_base!r} ({exists(user_base)})")
+        print(f"USER_SITE: {user_site!r} ({exists(user_site)})")
+        print(f"ENABLE_USER_SITE: {ENABLE_USER_SITE!r}")
         sys.exit(0)
 
     buffer = []
diff --git a/Lib/sysconfig.py b/Lib/sysconfig.py
index e1b2f93..c1aaf79 100644
--- a/Lib/sysconfig.py
+++ b/Lib/sysconfig.py
@@ -51,34 +51,65 @@
         'scripts': '{base}/Scripts',
         'data': '{base}',
         },
-    # NOTE: When modifying "purelib" scheme, update site._get_path() too.
-    'nt_user': {
-        'stdlib': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}',
-        'platstdlib': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}',
-        'purelib': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}/site-packages',
-        'platlib': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}/site-packages',
-        'include': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}/Include',
-        'scripts': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}/Scripts',
-        'data': '{userbase}',
-        },
-    'posix_user': {
-        'stdlib': '{userbase}/{platlibdir}/python{py_version_short}',
-        'platstdlib': '{userbase}/{platlibdir}/python{py_version_short}',
-        'purelib': '{userbase}/lib/python{py_version_short}/site-packages',
-        'platlib': '{userbase}/{platlibdir}/python{py_version_short}/site-packages',
-        'include': '{userbase}/include/python{py_version_short}',
-        'scripts': '{userbase}/bin',
-        'data': '{userbase}',
-        },
-    'osx_framework_user': {
-        'stdlib': '{userbase}/lib/python',
-        'platstdlib': '{userbase}/lib/python',
-        'purelib': '{userbase}/lib/python/site-packages',
-        'platlib': '{userbase}/lib/python/site-packages',
-        'include': '{userbase}/include',
-        'scripts': '{userbase}/bin',
-        'data': '{userbase}',
-        },
+    }
+
+
+# NOTE: site.py has copy of this function.
+# Sync it when modify this function.
+def _getuserbase():
+    env_base = os.environ.get("PYTHONUSERBASE", None)
+    if env_base:
+        return env_base
+
+    # VxWorks has no home directories
+    if sys.platform == "vxworks":
+        return None
+
+    def joinuser(*args):
+        return os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(*args))
+
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        base = os.environ.get("APPDATA") or "~"
+        return joinuser(base, "Python")
+
+    if sys.platform == "darwin" and sys._framework:
+        return joinuser("~", "Library", sys._framework,
+                        "%d.%d" % sys.version_info[:2])
+
+    return joinuser("~", ".local")
+
+_HAS_USER_BASE = (_getuserbase() is not None)
+
+if _HAS_USER_BASE:
+    _INSTALL_SCHEMES |= {
+        # NOTE: When modifying "purelib" scheme, update site._get_path() too.
+        'nt_user': {
+            'stdlib': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}',
+            'platstdlib': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}',
+            'purelib': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}/site-packages',
+            'platlib': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}/site-packages',
+            'include': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}/Include',
+            'scripts': '{userbase}/Python{py_version_nodot_plat}/Scripts',
+            'data': '{userbase}',
+            },
+        'posix_user': {
+            'stdlib': '{userbase}/{platlibdir}/python{py_version_short}',
+            'platstdlib': '{userbase}/{platlibdir}/python{py_version_short}',
+            'purelib': '{userbase}/lib/python{py_version_short}/site-packages',
+            'platlib': '{userbase}/{platlibdir}/python{py_version_short}/site-packages',
+            'include': '{userbase}/include/python{py_version_short}',
+            'scripts': '{userbase}/bin',
+            'data': '{userbase}',
+            },
+        'osx_framework_user': {
+            'stdlib': '{userbase}/lib/python',
+            'platstdlib': '{userbase}/lib/python',
+            'purelib': '{userbase}/lib/python/site-packages',
+            'platlib': '{userbase}/lib/python/site-packages',
+            'include': '{userbase}/include',
+            'scripts': '{userbase}/bin',
+            'data': '{userbase}',
+            },
     }
 
 _SCHEME_KEYS = ('stdlib', 'platstdlib', 'purelib', 'platlib', 'include',
@@ -183,25 +214,6 @@ def _get_default_scheme():
     return os.name
 
 
-# NOTE: site.py has copy of this function.
-# Sync it when modify this function.
-def _getuserbase():
-    env_base = os.environ.get("PYTHONUSERBASE", None)
-    if env_base:
-        return env_base
-
-    def joinuser(*args):
-        return os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(*args))
-
-    if os.name == "nt":
-        base = os.environ.get("APPDATA") or "~"
-        return joinuser(base, "Python")
-
-    if sys.platform == "darwin" and sys._framework:
-        return joinuser("~", "Library", sys._framework,
-                        "%d.%d" % sys.version_info[:2])
-
-    return joinuser("~", ".local")
 
 
 def _parse_makefile(filename, vars=None):
@@ -558,10 +570,11 @@ def get_config_vars(*args):
         SO = _CONFIG_VARS.get('EXT_SUFFIX')
         if SO is not None:
             _CONFIG_VARS['SO'] = SO
-        # Setting 'userbase' is done below the call to the
-        # init function to enable using 'get_config_var' in
-        # the init-function.
-        _CONFIG_VARS['userbase'] = _getuserbase()
+        if _HAS_USER_BASE:
+            # Setting 'userbase' is done below the call to the
+            # init function to enable using 'get_config_var' in
+            # the init-function.
+            _CONFIG_VARS['userbase'] = _getuserbase()
 
         # Always convert srcdir to an absolute path
         srcdir = _CONFIG_VARS.get('srcdir', _PROJECT_BASE)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_site.py b/Lib/test/test_site.py
index 2e70880..6060288 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_site.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_site.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import site
 
 
+HAS_USER_SITE = (site.USER_SITE is not None)
 OLD_SYS_PATH = None
 
 
@@ -195,6 +196,7 @@ def test_addsitedir(self):
     def test__getuserbase(self):
         self.assertEqual(site._getuserbase(), sysconfig._getuserbase())
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_USER_SITE, 'need user site')
     def test_get_path(self):
         if sys.platform == 'darwin' and sys._framework:
             scheme = 'osx_framework_user'
@@ -244,6 +246,7 @@ def test_s_option(self):
         self.assertEqual(rc, 1,
                         "User base not set by PYTHONUSERBASE")
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_USER_SITE, 'need user site')
     def test_getuserbase(self):
         site.USER_BASE = None
         user_base = site.getuserbase()
@@ -261,6 +264,7 @@ def test_getuserbase(self):
             self.assertTrue(site.getuserbase().startswith('xoxo'),
                             site.getuserbase())
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_USER_SITE, 'need user site')
     def test_getusersitepackages(self):
         site.USER_SITE = None
         site.USER_BASE = None
@@ -295,6 +299,7 @@ def test_getsitepackages(self):
             wanted = os.path.join('xoxo', 'lib', 'site-packages')
             self.assertEqual(dirs[1], wanted)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_USER_SITE, 'need user site')
     def test_no_home_directory(self):
         # bpo-10496: getuserbase() and getusersitepackages() must not fail if
         # the current user has no home directory (if expanduser() returns the
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py b/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
index 352dbde..e279957 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sysconfig.py
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
                        get_scheme_names, get_config_var, _main)
 import _osx_support
 
+
+HAS_USER_BASE = sysconfig._HAS_USER_BASE
+
+
 class TestSysConfig(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -230,9 +234,10 @@ def test_get_config_h_filename(self):
         self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(config_h), config_h)
 
     def test_get_scheme_names(self):
-        wanted = ('nt', 'nt_user', 'osx_framework_user',
-                  'posix_home', 'posix_prefix', 'posix_user')
-        self.assertEqual(get_scheme_names(), wanted)
+        wanted = ['nt', 'posix_home', 'posix_prefix']
+        if HAS_USER_BASE:
+            wanted.extend(['nt_user', 'osx_framework_user', 'posix_user'])
+        self.assertEqual(get_scheme_names(), tuple(sorted(wanted)))
 
     @skip_unless_symlink
     def test_symlink(self): # Issue 7880
@@ -244,7 +249,8 @@ def test_user_similar(self):
         # Issue #8759: make sure the posix scheme for the users
         # is similar to the global posix_prefix one
         base = get_config_var('base')
-        user = get_config_var('userbase')
+        if HAS_USER_BASE:
+            user = get_config_var('userbase')
         # the global scheme mirrors the distinction between prefix and
         # exec-prefix but not the user scheme, so we have to adapt the paths
         # before comparing (issue #9100)
@@ -259,8 +265,9 @@ def test_user_similar(self):
                 # before comparing
                 global_path = global_path.replace(sys.base_prefix, sys.prefix)
                 base = base.replace(sys.base_prefix, sys.prefix)
-            user_path = get_path(name, 'posix_user')
-            self.assertEqual(user_path, global_path.replace(base, user, 1))
+            if HAS_USER_BASE:
+                user_path = get_path(name, 'posix_user')
+                self.assertEqual(user_path, global_path.replace(base, user, 1))
 
     def test_main(self):
         # just making sure _main() runs and returns things in the stdout