diff --git a/Lib/xml/dom/domreg.py b/Lib/xml/dom/domreg.py
index 67e0104..cb35bb0 100644
--- a/Lib/xml/dom/domreg.py
+++ b/Lib/xml/dom/domreg.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
             return 0
     return 1
 
-def getDOMImplementation(name = None, features = ()):
+def getDOMImplementation(name=None, features=()):
     """getDOMImplementation(name = None, features = ()) -> DOM implementation.
 
     Return a suitable DOM implementation. The name is either
diff --git a/Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py b/Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py
index 77a44f5..f4f4400 100644
--- a/Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py
+++ b/Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     def __bool__(self):
         return True
 
-    def toxml(self, encoding = None):
+    def toxml(self, encoding=None):
         return self.toprettyxml("", "", encoding)
 
     def toprettyxml(self, indent="\t", newl="\n", encoding=None):
diff --git a/Lib/xml/sax/saxutils.py b/Lib/xml/sax/saxutils.py
index e5d43a5..e845015 100644
--- a/Lib/xml/sax/saxutils.py
+++ b/Lib/xml/sax/saxutils.py
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
 
 # --- Utility functions
 
-def prepare_input_source(source, base = ""):
+def prepare_input_source(source, base=""):
     """This function takes an InputSource and an optional base URL and
     returns a fully resolved InputSource object ready for reading."""