diff --git a/Objects/abstract.c b/Objects/abstract.c
index 3db56fa..dc8ba10 100644
--- a/Objects/abstract.c
+++ b/Objects/abstract.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /* Abstract Object Interface (many thanks to Jim Fulton) */
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include "structmember.h" /* we need the offsetof() macro from there */
@@ -2459,8 +2460,8 @@
     return retval;
 }
 
-int
-PyObject_IsInstance(PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls)
+static int
+object_isinstance(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls)
 {
     _Py_IDENTIFIER(__instancecheck__);
     PyObject *checker;
@@ -2475,34 +2476,31 @@
     }
 
     if (PyTuple_Check(cls)) {
-        Py_ssize_t i;
-        Py_ssize_t n;
-        int r = 0;
-
-        if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" in __instancecheck__"))
+        if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " in __instancecheck__")) {
             return -1;
-        n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(cls);
-        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        }
+        Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(cls);
+        int r = 0;
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
             PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(cls, i);
-            r = PyObject_IsInstance(inst, item);
+            r = object_isinstance(tstate, inst, item);
             if (r != 0)
                 /* either found it, or got an error */
                 break;
         }
-        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+        _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
         return r;
     }
 
     checker = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(cls, &PyId___instancecheck__);
     if (checker != NULL) {
-        PyObject *res;
         int ok = -1;
-        if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" in __instancecheck__")) {
+        if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " in __instancecheck__")) {
             Py_DECREF(checker);
             return ok;
         }
-        res = _PyObject_CallOneArg(checker, inst);
-        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+        PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallOneArg(checker, inst);
+        _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
         Py_DECREF(checker);
         if (res != NULL) {
             ok = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
@@ -2510,12 +2508,23 @@
         }
         return ok;
     }
-    else if (PyErr_Occurred())
+    else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
         return -1;
+    }
+
     /* Probably never reached anymore. */
     return recursive_isinstance(inst, cls);
 }
 
+
+int
+PyObject_IsInstance(PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls)
+{
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    return object_isinstance(tstate, inst, cls);
+}
+
+
 static  int
 recursive_issubclass(PyObject *derived, PyObject *cls)
 {
@@ -2534,8 +2543,8 @@
     return abstract_issubclass(derived, cls);
 }
 
-int
-PyObject_IsSubclass(PyObject *derived, PyObject *cls)
+static int
+object_issubclass(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *derived, PyObject *cls)
 {
     _Py_IDENTIFIER(__subclasscheck__);
     PyObject *checker;
@@ -2549,34 +2558,32 @@
     }
 
     if (PyTuple_Check(cls)) {
-        Py_ssize_t i;
-        Py_ssize_t n;
-        int r = 0;
 
-        if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" in __subclasscheck__"))
+        if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " in __subclasscheck__")) {
             return -1;
-        n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(cls);
-        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        }
+        Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(cls);
+        int r = 0;
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
             PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(cls, i);
-            r = PyObject_IsSubclass(derived, item);
+            r = object_issubclass(tstate, derived, item);
             if (r != 0)
                 /* either found it, or got an error */
                 break;
         }
-        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+        _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
         return r;
     }
 
     checker = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(cls, &PyId___subclasscheck__);
     if (checker != NULL) {
-        PyObject *res;
         int ok = -1;
-        if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" in __subclasscheck__")) {
+        if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " in __subclasscheck__")) {
             Py_DECREF(checker);
             return ok;
         }
-        res = _PyObject_CallOneArg(checker, derived);
-        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+        PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallOneArg(checker, derived);
+        _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
         Py_DECREF(checker);
         if (res != NULL) {
             ok = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
@@ -2584,12 +2591,23 @@
         }
         return ok;
     }
-    else if (PyErr_Occurred())
+    else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
         return -1;
+    }
+
     /* Probably never reached anymore. */
     return recursive_issubclass(derived, cls);
 }
 
+
+int
+PyObject_IsSubclass(PyObject *derived, PyObject *cls)
+{
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    return object_issubclass(tstate, derived, cls);
+}
+
+
 int
 _PyObject_RealIsInstance(PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls)
 {
diff --git a/Objects/call.c b/Objects/call.c
index a715bcb..b7588b3 100644
--- a/Objects/call.c
+++ b/Objects/call.c
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_object.h"
+#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"
 #include "pycore_tupleobject.h"
 #include "frameobject.h"
@@ -126,12 +127,15 @@
 PyObject *
 _PyObject_MakeTpCall(PyObject *callable, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *keywords)
 {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+
     /* Slow path: build a temporary tuple for positional arguments and a
      * temporary dictionary for keyword arguments (if any) */
     ternaryfunc call = Py_TYPE(callable)->tp_call;
     if (call == NULL) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%.200s' object is not callable",
-                     Py_TYPE(callable)->tp_name);
+        _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                      "'%.200s' object is not callable",
+                      Py_TYPE(callable)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -162,10 +166,10 @@
     }
 
     PyObject *result = NULL;
-    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object") == 0)
+    if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " while calling a Python object") == 0)
     {
         result = call(callable, argstuple, kwdict);
-        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+        _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     }
 
     Py_DECREF(argstuple);
@@ -220,13 +224,14 @@
 PyObject *
 PyObject_Call(PyObject *callable, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     ternaryfunc call;
     PyObject *result;
 
     /* PyObject_Call() must not be called with an exception set,
        because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
        caller loses its exception */
-    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
     assert(PyTuple_Check(args));
     assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_Check(kwargs));
 
@@ -236,17 +241,19 @@
     else {
         call = callable->ob_type->tp_call;
         if (call == NULL) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%.200s' object is not callable",
-                         callable->ob_type->tp_name);
+            _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                          "'%.200s' object is not callable",
+                          callable->ob_type->tp_name);
             return NULL;
         }
 
-        if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object"))
+        if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
             return NULL;
+        }
 
         result = (*call)(callable, args, kwargs);
 
-        Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+        _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
 
         return _Py_CheckFunctionResult(callable, result, NULL);
     }
@@ -266,30 +273,27 @@
 function_code_fastcall(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
                        PyObject *globals)
 {
-    PyFrameObject *f;
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    PyObject **fastlocals;
-    Py_ssize_t i;
-    PyObject *result;
-
     assert(globals != NULL);
+
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    assert(tstate != NULL);
+
     /* XXX Perhaps we should create a specialized
        _PyFrame_New_NoTrack() that doesn't take locals, but does
        take builtins without sanity checking them.
        */
-    assert(tstate != NULL);
-    f = _PyFrame_New_NoTrack(tstate, co, globals, NULL);
+    PyFrameObject *f = _PyFrame_New_NoTrack(tstate, co, globals, NULL);
     if (f == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    fastlocals = f->f_localsplus;
+    PyObject **fastlocals = f->f_localsplus;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
         Py_INCREF(*args);
         fastlocals[i] = *args++;
     }
-    result = PyEval_EvalFrameEx(f,0);
+    PyObject *result = PyEval_EvalFrameEx(f, 0);
 
     if (Py_REFCNT(f) > 1) {
         Py_DECREF(f);
diff --git a/Objects/descrobject.c b/Objects/descrobject.c
index c50fe00..dbab4cd 100644
--- a/Objects/descrobject.c
+++ b/Objects/descrobject.c
@@ -271,9 +271,9 @@
 }
 
 static inline funcptr
-method_enter_call(PyObject *func)
+method_enter_call(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func)
 {
-    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object")) {
+    if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
         return NULL;
     }
     return (funcptr)((PyMethodDescrObject *)func)->d_method->ml_meth;
@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@
 method_vectorcall_VARARGS(
     PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     if (method_check_args(func, args, nargs, kwnames)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -292,14 +293,14 @@
     if (argstuple == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyCFunction meth = (PyCFunction)method_enter_call(func);
+    PyCFunction meth = (PyCFunction)method_enter_call(tstate, func);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(argstuple);
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = meth(args[0], argstuple);
     Py_DECREF(argstuple);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -307,6 +308,7 @@
 method_vectorcall_VARARGS_KEYWORDS(
     PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     if (method_check_args(func, args, nargs, NULL)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -325,12 +327,12 @@
         }
     }
     PyCFunctionWithKeywords meth = (PyCFunctionWithKeywords)
-                                   method_enter_call(func);
+                                   method_enter_call(tstate, func);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         goto exit;
     }
     result = meth(args[0], argstuple, kwdict);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
 exit:
     Py_DECREF(argstuple);
     Py_XDECREF(kwdict);
@@ -341,17 +343,18 @@
 method_vectorcall_FASTCALL(
     PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     if (method_check_args(func, args, nargs, kwnames)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     _PyCFunctionFast meth = (_PyCFunctionFast)
-                            method_enter_call(func);
+                            method_enter_call(tstate, func);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = meth(args[0], args+1, nargs-1);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -359,17 +362,18 @@
 method_vectorcall_FASTCALL_KEYWORDS(
     PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     if (method_check_args(func, args, nargs, NULL)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords meth = (_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)
-                                        method_enter_call(func);
+                                        method_enter_call(tstate, func);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = meth(args[0], args+1, nargs-1, kwnames);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -377,6 +381,7 @@
 method_vectorcall_NOARGS(
     PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     if (method_check_args(func, args, nargs, kwnames)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -386,12 +391,12 @@
             "%.200s() takes no arguments (%zd given)", get_name(func), nargs-1);
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyCFunction meth = (PyCFunction)method_enter_call(func);
+    PyCFunction meth = (PyCFunction)method_enter_call(tstate, func);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = meth(args[0], NULL);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -399,6 +404,7 @@
 method_vectorcall_O(
     PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     if (method_check_args(func, args, nargs, kwnames)) {
         return NULL;
@@ -409,12 +415,12 @@
             get_name(func), nargs-1);
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyCFunction meth = (PyCFunction)method_enter_call(func);
+    PyCFunction meth = (PyCFunction)method_enter_call(tstate, func);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = meth(args[0], args[1]);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     return result;
 }
 
diff --git a/Objects/methodobject.c b/Objects/methodobject.c
index a5f0c5d..3ce1560 100644
--- a/Objects/methodobject.c
+++ b/Objects/methodobject.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_object.h"
+#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"
 #include "pycore_pymem.h"
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"
 #include "structmember.h"
@@ -344,22 +345,22 @@
 typedef void (*funcptr)(void);
 
 static inline int
-cfunction_check_kwargs(PyObject *func, PyObject *kwnames)
+cfunction_check_kwargs(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
-    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
     assert(PyCFunction_Check(func));
     if (kwnames && PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames)) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                     "%.200s() takes no keyword arguments", get_name(func));
+        _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                      "%.200s() takes no keyword arguments", get_name(func));
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
 static inline funcptr
-cfunction_enter_call(PyObject *func)
+cfunction_enter_call(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func)
 {
-    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while calling a Python object")) {
+    if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
         return NULL;
     }
     return (funcptr)PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(func);
@@ -370,17 +371,18 @@
 cfunction_vectorcall_FASTCALL(
     PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
-    if (cfunction_check_kwargs(func, kwnames)) {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (cfunction_check_kwargs(tstate, func, kwnames)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     _PyCFunctionFast meth = (_PyCFunctionFast)
-                            cfunction_enter_call(func);
+                            cfunction_enter_call(tstate, func);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = meth(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(func), args, nargs);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -388,14 +390,15 @@
 cfunction_vectorcall_FASTCALL_KEYWORDS(
     PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords meth = (_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)
-                                        cfunction_enter_call(func);
+                                        cfunction_enter_call(tstate, func);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = meth(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(func), args, nargs, kwnames);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -403,21 +406,23 @@
 cfunction_vectorcall_NOARGS(
     PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
-    if (cfunction_check_kwargs(func, kwnames)) {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (cfunction_check_kwargs(tstate, func, kwnames)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     if (nargs != 0) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-            "%.200s() takes no arguments (%zd given)", get_name(func), nargs);
+        _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                      "%.200s() takes no arguments (%zd given)",
+                      get_name(func), nargs);
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyCFunction meth = (PyCFunction)cfunction_enter_call(func);
+    PyCFunction meth = (PyCFunction)cfunction_enter_call(tstate, func);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = meth(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(func), NULL);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -425,22 +430,23 @@
 cfunction_vectorcall_O(
     PyObject *func, PyObject *const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames)
 {
-    if (cfunction_check_kwargs(func, kwnames)) {
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (cfunction_check_kwargs(tstate, func, kwnames)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     Py_ssize_t nargs = PyVectorcall_NARGS(nargsf);
     if (nargs != 1) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-            "%.200s() takes exactly one argument (%zd given)",
-            get_name(func), nargs);
+        _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                      "%.200s() takes exactly one argument (%zd given)",
+                      get_name(func), nargs);
         return NULL;
     }
-    PyCFunction meth = (PyCFunction)cfunction_enter_call(func);
+    PyCFunction meth = (PyCFunction)cfunction_enter_call(tstate, func);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *result = meth(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(func), args[0]);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     return result;
 }
 
diff --git a/Objects/object.c b/Objects/object.c
index 2c8e823..9536d46 100644
--- a/Objects/object.c
+++ b/Objects/object.c
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 /* Generic object operations; and implementation of None */
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_context.h"
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"
 #include "pycore_object.h"
+#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"
-#include "pycore_context.h"
 #include "frameobject.h"
 #include "interpreteridobject.h"
 
@@ -525,31 +526,37 @@
         return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<%s object at %p>",
                                     v->ob_type->tp_name, v);
 
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
     /* PyObject_Repr() must not be called with an exception set,
        because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
        caller loses its exception */
-    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
 #endif
 
     /* It is possible for a type to have a tp_repr representation that loops
        infinitely. */
-    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while getting the repr of an object"))
+    if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate,
+                               " while getting the repr of an object")) {
         return NULL;
+    }
     res = (*v->ob_type->tp_repr)(v);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
-    if (res == NULL)
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
+
+    if (res == NULL) {
         return NULL;
+    }
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(res)) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                     "__repr__ returned non-string (type %.200s)",
-                     res->ob_type->tp_name);
+        _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                      "__repr__ returned non-string (type %.200s)",
+                      res->ob_type->tp_name);
         Py_DECREF(res);
         return NULL;
     }
 #ifndef Py_DEBUG
-    if (PyUnicode_READY(res) < 0)
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(res) < 0) {
         return NULL;
+    }
 #endif
     return res;
 }
@@ -579,31 +586,36 @@
     if (Py_TYPE(v)->tp_str == NULL)
         return PyObject_Repr(v);
 
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
     /* PyObject_Str() must not be called with an exception set,
        because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
        caller loses its exception */
-    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
 #endif
 
     /* It is possible for a type to have a tp_str representation that loops
        infinitely. */
-    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while getting the str of an object"))
+    if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " while getting the str of an object")) {
         return NULL;
+    }
     res = (*Py_TYPE(v)->tp_str)(v);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
-    if (res == NULL)
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
+
+    if (res == NULL) {
         return NULL;
+    }
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(res)) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                     "__str__ returned non-string (type %.200s)",
-                     Py_TYPE(res)->tp_name);
+        _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                      "__str__ returned non-string (type %.200s)",
+                      Py_TYPE(res)->tp_name);
         Py_DECREF(res);
         return NULL;
     }
 #ifndef Py_DEBUG
-    if (PyUnicode_READY(res) < 0)
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(res) < 0) {
         return NULL;
+    }
 #endif
     assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(res, 1));
     return res;
@@ -707,7 +719,7 @@
 /* Perform a rich comparison, raising TypeError when the requested comparison
    operator is not supported. */
 static PyObject *
-do_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
+do_richcompare(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
 {
     richcmpfunc f;
     PyObject *res;
@@ -744,11 +756,11 @@
         res = (v != w) ? Py_True : Py_False;
         break;
     default:
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                     "'%s' not supported between instances of '%.100s' and '%.100s'",
-                     opstrings[op],
-                     v->ob_type->tp_name,
-                     w->ob_type->tp_name);
+        _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                      "'%s' not supported between instances of '%.100s' and '%.100s'",
+                      opstrings[op],
+                      v->ob_type->tp_name,
+                      w->ob_type->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
     Py_INCREF(res);
@@ -761,18 +773,20 @@
 PyObject *
 PyObject_RichCompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
 {
-    PyObject *res;
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 
     assert(Py_LT <= op && op <= Py_GE);
     if (v == NULL || w == NULL) {
-        if (!PyErr_Occurred())
+        if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
             PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+        }
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" in comparison"))
+    if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " in comparison")) {
         return NULL;
-    res = do_richcompare(v, w, op);
-    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
+    }
+    PyObject *res = do_richcompare(tstate, v, w, op);
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
     return res;
 }