diff --git a/Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py b/Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py
index 63f22cf..ce7d642 100644
--- a/Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py
+++ b/Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py
@@ -423,6 +423,10 @@
         #   - The executor that owns this worker has been shutdown.
         if shutting_down():
             try:
+                # Flag the executor as shutting down as early as possible if it
+                # is not gc-ed yet.
+                if executor is not None:
+                    executor._shutdown_thread = True
                 # Since no new work items can be added, it is safe to shutdown
                 # this thread if there are no pending work items.
                 if not pending_work_items:
@@ -595,6 +599,9 @@
                 raise BrokenProcessPool(self._broken)
             if self._shutdown_thread:
                 raise RuntimeError('cannot schedule new futures after shutdown')
+            if _global_shutdown:
+                raise RuntimeError('cannot schedule new futures after '
+                                   'interpreter shutdown')
 
             f = _base.Future()
             w = _WorkItem(f, fn, args, kwargs)
diff --git a/Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py b/Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py
index 6e22950..b65dee1 100644
--- a/Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py
+++ b/Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py
@@ -87,6 +87,10 @@
             #   - The executor that owns the worker has been collected OR
             #   - The executor that owns the worker has been shutdown.
             if _shutdown or executor is None or executor._shutdown:
+                # Flag the executor as shutting down as early as possible if it
+                # is not gc-ed yet.
+                if executor is not None:
+                    executor._shutdown = True
                 # Notice other workers
                 work_queue.put(None)
                 return
@@ -145,6 +149,9 @@
 
             if self._shutdown:
                 raise RuntimeError('cannot schedule new futures after shutdown')
+            if _shutdown:
+                raise RuntimeError('cannot schedule new futures after'
+                                   'interpreter shutdown')
 
             f = _base.Future()
             w = _WorkItem(f, fn, args, kwargs)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures.py b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures.py
index 18d0265..b258a0e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_concurrent_futures.py
@@ -303,6 +303,34 @@
         self.assertFalse(err)
         self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b"apple")
 
+    def test_submit_after_interpreter_shutdown(self):
+        # Test the atexit hook for shutdown of worker threads and processes
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', """if 1:
+            import atexit
+            @atexit.register
+            def run_last():
+                try:
+                    t.submit(id, None)
+                except RuntimeError:
+                    print("runtime-error")
+                    raise
+            from concurrent.futures import {executor_type}
+            if __name__ == "__main__":
+                context = '{context}'
+                if not context:
+                    t = {executor_type}(5)
+                else:
+                    from multiprocessing import get_context
+                    context = get_context(context)
+                    t = {executor_type}(5, mp_context=context)
+                    t.submit(id, 42).result()
+            """.format(executor_type=self.executor_type.__name__,
+                       context=getattr(self, "ctx", "")))
+        # Errors in atexit hooks don't change the process exit code, check
+        # stderr manually.
+        self.assertIn("RuntimeError: cannot schedule new futures", err.decode())
+        self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b"runtime-error")
+
     def test_hang_issue12364(self):
         fs = [self.executor.submit(time.sleep, 0.1) for _ in range(50)]
         self.executor.shutdown()
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-03-18-16-48-23.bpo-33097.Yl4gI2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-03-18-16-48-23.bpo-33097.Yl4gI2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9411eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-03-18-16-48-23.bpo-33097.Yl4gI2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Raise RuntimeError when ``executor.submit`` is called during interpreter
+shutdown.