diff --git a/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst b/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
index 226b619..5644410 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
@@ -782,6 +782,8 @@
 +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------+
 | :c:data:`PyExc_ImportError`             | :exc:`ImportError`              |          |
 +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------+
+| :c:data:`PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError`     | :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`      |          |
++-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------+
 | :c:data:`PyExc_IndexError`              | :exc:`IndexError`               |          |
 +-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------+
 | :c:data:`PyExc_InterruptedError`        | :exc:`InterruptedError`         |          |
diff --git a/Doc/library/exceptions.rst b/Doc/library/exceptions.rst
index 1747efe..a428f51 100644
--- a/Doc/library/exceptions.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/exceptions.rst
@@ -170,8 +170,9 @@
 
 .. exception:: ImportError
 
-   Raised when an :keyword:`import` statement fails to find the module definition
-   or when a ``from ... import`` fails to find a name that is to be imported.
+   Raised when the :keyword:`import` statement has troubles trying to
+   load a module.  Also raised when the "from list" in ``from ... import``
+   has a name that cannot be found.
 
    The :attr:`name` and :attr:`path` attributes can be set using keyword-only
    arguments to the constructor. When set they represent the name of the module
@@ -181,6 +182,14 @@
    .. versionchanged:: 3.3
       Added the :attr:`name` and :attr:`path` attributes.
 
+.. exception:: ModuleNotFoundError
+
+   A subclass of :exc:`ImportError` which is raised by :keyword:`import`
+   when a module could not be located.  It is also raised when ``None``
+   is found in :data:`sys.modules`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.6
+
 
 .. exception:: IndexError
 
diff --git a/Include/pyerrors.h b/Include/pyerrors.h
index 35aedb7..6bc3ca7 100644
--- a/Include/pyerrors.h
+++ b/Include/pyerrors.h
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_FloatingPointError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_OSError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_ImportError;
+PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_IndexError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_KeyError;
 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt;
diff --git a/Lib/_compat_pickle.py b/Lib/_compat_pickle.py
index c0e0443..f68496a 100644
--- a/Lib/_compat_pickle.py
+++ b/Lib/_compat_pickle.py
@@ -242,3 +242,10 @@
 
 for excname in PYTHON3_OSERROR_EXCEPTIONS:
     REVERSE_NAME_MAPPING[('builtins', excname)] = ('exceptions', 'OSError')
+
+PYTHON3_IMPORTERROR_EXCEPTIONS = (
+    'ModuleNotFoundError',
+)
+
+for excname in PYTHON3_IMPORTERROR_EXCEPTIONS:
+    REVERSE_NAME_MAPPING[('builtins', excname)] = ('exceptions', 'ImportError')
diff --git a/Lib/test/exception_hierarchy.txt b/Lib/test/exception_hierarchy.txt
index 0513765..7333b2a 100644
--- a/Lib/test/exception_hierarchy.txt
+++ b/Lib/test/exception_hierarchy.txt
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
       +-- BufferError
       +-- EOFError
       +-- ImportError
+           +-- ModuleNotFoundError
       +-- LookupError
       |    +-- IndexError
       |    +-- KeyError
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pickle.py b/Lib/test/test_pickle.py
index 05203e5..e6c5d08 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pickle.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pickle.py
@@ -335,6 +335,9 @@
                 if (module2, name2) == ('exceptions', 'OSError'):
                     attr = getattribute(module3, name3)
                     self.assertTrue(issubclass(attr, OSError))
+                elif (module2, name2) == ('exceptions', 'ImportError'):
+                    attr = getattribute(module3, name3)
+                    self.assertTrue(issubclass(attr, ImportError))
                 else:
                     module, name = mapping(module2, name2)
                     if module3[:1] != '_':
@@ -401,6 +404,11 @@
                 if exc is not OSError and issubclass(exc, OSError):
                     self.assertEqual(reverse_mapping('builtins', name),
                                      ('exceptions', 'OSError'))
+                elif exc is not ImportError and issubclass(exc, ImportError):
+                    self.assertEqual(reverse_mapping('builtins', name),
+                                     ('exceptions', 'ImportError'))
+                    self.assertEqual(mapping('exceptions', name),
+                                     ('exceptions', name))
                 else:
                     self.assertEqual(reverse_mapping('builtins', name),
                                      ('exceptions', name))
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS
index edfff7b..2692277 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS
+++ b/Misc/NEWS
@@ -8043,6 +8043,9 @@
 - Issue #18137: Detect integer overflow on precision in float.__format__()
   and complex.__format__().
 
+- Issue #15767: Introduce ModuleNotFoundError which is raised when a module
+  could not be found.
+
 - Issue #18183: Fix various unicode operations on strings with large unicode
   codepoints.
 
diff --git a/Objects/exceptions.c b/Objects/exceptions.c
index 336c32c..6fb5eb7 100644
--- a/Objects/exceptions.c
+++ b/Objects/exceptions.c
@@ -706,6 +706,13 @@
                         "module.");
 
 /*
+ *    ModuleNotFoundError extends ImportError
+ */
+
+MiddlingExtendsException(PyExc_ImportError, ModuleNotFoundError, ImportError,
+                         "Module not found.");
+
+/*
  *    OSError extends Exception
  */
 
@@ -2469,6 +2476,7 @@
     PRE_INIT(SystemExit)
     PRE_INIT(KeyboardInterrupt)
     PRE_INIT(ImportError)
+    PRE_INIT(ModuleNotFoundError)
     PRE_INIT(OSError)
     PRE_INIT(EOFError)
     PRE_INIT(RuntimeError)
@@ -2541,6 +2549,7 @@
     POST_INIT(SystemExit)
     POST_INIT(KeyboardInterrupt)
     POST_INIT(ImportError)
+    POST_INIT(ModuleNotFoundError)
     POST_INIT(OSError)
     INIT_ALIAS(EnvironmentError, OSError)
     INIT_ALIAS(IOError, OSError)