convert old fail* assertions to assert*
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/builtin/test_finder.py b/Lib/importlib/test/builtin/test_finder.py
index ef8e8fe..40f690e 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/builtin/test_finder.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/builtin/test_finder.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
         # Common case.
         with util.uncache(builtin_util.NAME):
             found = machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module(builtin_util.NAME)
-            self.assert_(found)
+            self.assertTrue(found)
 
     def test_package(self):
         # Built-in modules cannot be a package.
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@
     def test_failure(self):
         assert 'importlib' not in sys.builtin_module_names
         loader = machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module('importlib')
-        self.assert_(loader is None)
+        self.assertTrue(loader is None)
 
     def test_ignore_path(self):
         # The value for 'path' should always trigger a failed import.
         with util.uncache(builtin_util.NAME):
             loader = machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module(builtin_util.NAME,
                                                             ['pkg'])
-            self.assert_(loader is None)
+            self.assertTrue(loader is None)
 
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/builtin/test_loader.py b/Lib/importlib/test/builtin/test_loader.py
index cfedb5d..dff00ce 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/builtin/test_loader.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/builtin/test_loader.py
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 
     def verify(self, module):
         """Verify that the module matches against what it should have."""
-        self.assert_(isinstance(module, types.ModuleType))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(module, types.ModuleType))
         for attr, value in self.verification.items():
             self.assertEqual(getattr(module, attr), value)
-        self.assert_(module.__name__ in sys.modules)
+        self.assertTrue(module.__name__ in sys.modules)
 
     load_module = staticmethod(lambda name:
                                 machinery.BuiltinImporter.load_module(name))
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
         with util.uncache(builtin_util.NAME):
             module1 = self.load_module(builtin_util.NAME)
             module2 = self.load_module(builtin_util.NAME)
-            self.assert_(module1 is module2)
+            self.assertTrue(module1 is module2)
 
     def test_unloadable(self):
         name = 'dssdsdfff'
@@ -70,17 +70,17 @@
     def test_get_code(self):
         # There is no code object.
         result = machinery.BuiltinImporter.get_code(builtin_util.NAME)
-        self.assert_(result is None)
+        self.assertTrue(result is None)
 
     def test_get_source(self):
         # There is no source.
         result = machinery.BuiltinImporter.get_source(builtin_util.NAME)
-        self.assert_(result is None)
+        self.assertTrue(result is None)
 
     def test_is_package(self):
         # Cannot be a package.
         result = machinery.BuiltinImporter.is_package(builtin_util.NAME)
-        self.assert_(not result)
+        self.assertTrue(not result)
 
     def test_not_builtin(self):
         # Modules not built-in should raise ImportError.
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_finder.py b/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_finder.py
index 39e26a7..546a176 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_finder.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_finder.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
         return importer.find_module(fullname)
 
     def test_module(self):
-        self.assert_(self.find_module(util.NAME))
+        self.assertTrue(self.find_module(util.NAME))
 
     def test_package(self):
         # Extension modules cannot be an __init__ for a package.
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
         pass
 
     def test_failure(self):
-        self.assert_(self.find_module('asdfjkl;') is None)
+        self.assertTrue(self.find_module('asdfjkl;') is None)
 
     # XXX Raise an exception if someone tries to use the 'path' argument?
 
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_loader.py b/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_loader.py
index 157a3b6..71841c6 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_loader.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_loader.py
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
                                 ('__file__', ext_util.FILEPATH),
                                 ('__package__', '')]:
                 self.assertEqual(getattr(module, attr), value)
-            self.assert_(ext_util.NAME in sys.modules)
-            self.assert_(isinstance(module.__loader__,
+            self.assertTrue(ext_util.NAME in sys.modules)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(module.__loader__,
                                     _bootstrap._ExtensionFileLoader))
 
     def test_package(self):
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
         with util.uncache(ext_util.NAME):
             module1 = self.load_module(ext_util.NAME)
             module2 = self.load_module(ext_util.NAME)
-            self.assert_(module1 is module2)
+            self.assertTrue(module1 is module2)
 
     def test_state_after_failure(self):
         # No easy way to trigger a failure after a successful import.
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_path_hook.py b/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_path_hook.py
index 8532956..bf2f411 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_path_hook.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/extension/test_path_hook.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     def test_success(self):
         # Path hook should handle a directory where a known extension module
         # exists.
-        self.assert_(hasattr(self.hook(util.PATH), 'find_module'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.hook(util.PATH), 'find_module'))
 
 
 def test_main():
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/frozen/test_finder.py b/Lib/importlib/test/frozen/test_finder.py
index 8caac48..db88379 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/frozen/test_finder.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/frozen/test_finder.py
@@ -15,15 +15,15 @@
     def test_module(self):
         name = '__hello__'
         loader = self.find(name)
-        self.assert_(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
 
     def test_package(self):
         loader = self.find('__phello__')
-        self.assert_(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
 
     def test_module_in_package(self):
         loader = self.find('__phello__.spam', ['__phello__'])
-        self.assert_(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
 
     def test_package_in_package(self):
         # No frozen package within another package to test with.
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
     def test_failure(self):
         loader = self.find('<not real>')
-        self.assert_(loader is None)
+        self.assertTrue(loader is None)
 
 
 def test_main():
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/frozen/test_loader.py b/Lib/importlib/test/frozen/test_loader.py
index 472d6ec..fa64f30 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/frozen/test_loader.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/frozen/test_loader.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
         with util.uncache('__hello__'):
             module1 = machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
             module2 = machinery.FrozenImporter.load_module('__hello__')
-            self.assert_(module1 is module2)
+            self.assertTrue(module1 is module2)
 
     def test_state_after_failure(self):
         # No way to trigger an error in a frozen module.
@@ -65,12 +65,12 @@
         code = machinery.FrozenImporter.get_code(name)
         mod = imp.new_module(name)
         exec(code, mod.__dict__)
-        self.assert_(hasattr(mod, 'initialized'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(mod, 'initialized'))
 
     def test_get_source(self):
         # Should always return None.
         result = machinery.FrozenImporter.get_source('__hello__')
-        self.assert_(result is None)
+        self.assertTrue(result is None)
 
     def test_is_package(self):
         # Should be able to tell what is a package.
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
                     ('__phello__.spam', False))
         for name, is_package in test_for:
             result = machinery.FrozenImporter.is_package(name)
-            self.assert_(bool(result) == is_package)
+            self.assertTrue(bool(result) == is_package)
 
     def test_failure(self):
         # Raise ImportError for modules that are not frozen.
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_caching.py b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_caching.py
index e37c69a..cf65b23 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_caching.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_caching.py
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@
         with self.create_mock('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
                 module = import_util.import_('pkg.module')
-                self.assert_(hasattr(module, 'module'))
-                self.assert_(id(module.module), id(sys.modules['pkg.module']))
+                self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module'))
+                self.assertTrue(id(module.module), id(sys.modules['pkg.module']))
 
     # See test_using_cache_after_loader() for reasoning.
     @import_util.importlib_only
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
         with self.create_mock('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as importer:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
                 module = import_util.import_('pkg', fromlist=['module'])
-                self.assert_(hasattr(module, 'module'))
+                self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module'))
                 self.assertEquals(id(module.module),
                                   id(sys.modules['pkg.module']))
 
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_fromlist.py b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_fromlist.py
index 266a495..340235b 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_fromlist.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_fromlist.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
                 module = import_util.import_('module', fromlist=['non_existent'])
                 self.assertEquals(module.__name__, 'module')
-                self.assert_(not hasattr(module, 'non_existent'))
+                self.assertTrue(not hasattr(module, 'non_existent'))
 
     def test_module_from_package(self):
         # [module]
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
                 module = import_util.import_('pkg', fromlist=['module'])
                 self.assertEquals(module.__name__, 'pkg')
-                self.assert_(hasattr(module, 'module'))
+                self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module'))
                 self.assertEquals(module.module.__name__, 'pkg.module')
 
     def test_no_module_from_package(self):
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[importer]):
                 module = import_util.import_('pkg', fromlist='non_existent')
                 self.assertEquals(module.__name__, 'pkg')
-                self.assert_(not hasattr(module, 'non_existent'))
+                self.assertTrue(not hasattr(module, 'non_existent'))
 
     def test_empty_string(self):
         with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.mod') as importer:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
                 mock['pkg'].__all__ = ['module']
                 module = import_util.import_('pkg', fromlist=['*'])
                 self.assertEquals(module.__name__, 'pkg')
-                self.assert_(hasattr(module, 'module'))
+                self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module'))
                 self.assertEqual(module.module.__name__, 'pkg.module')
 
     def test_star_with_others(self):
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@
                 mock['pkg'].__all__ = ['module1']
                 module = import_util.import_('pkg', fromlist=['module2', '*'])
                 self.assertEquals(module.__name__, 'pkg')
-                self.assert_(hasattr(module, 'module1'))
-                self.assert_(hasattr(module, 'module2'))
+                self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module1'))
+                self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module2'))
                 self.assertEquals(module.module1.__name__, 'pkg.module1')
                 self.assertEquals(module.module2.__name__, 'pkg.module2')
 
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_meta_path.py b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_meta_path.py
index 69859b1..5486694 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_meta_path.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_meta_path.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
                 self.assertEquals(len(args), 2)
                 self.assertEquals(len(kwargs), 0)
                 self.assertEquals(args[0], mod_name)
-                self.assert_(args[1] is None)
+                self.assertTrue(args[1] is None)
 
     def test_with_path(self):
         # [path set]
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@
                 args = log[1][0]
                 kwargs = log[1][1]
                 # Assuming all arguments are positional.
-                self.assert_(not kwargs)
+                self.assertTrue(not kwargs)
                 self.assertEquals(args[0], mod_name)
-                self.assert_(args[1] is path)
+                self.assertTrue(args[1] is path)
 
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_packages.py b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_packages.py
index 5912c1f..b41c36f 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_packages.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_packages.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
         with util.mock_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.module') as mock:
             with util.import_state(meta_path=[mock]):
                 module = import_util.import_('pkg.module')
-                self.assert_('pkg' in sys.modules)
+                self.assertTrue('pkg' in sys.modules)
 
     def test_bad_parent(self):
         with util.mock_modules('pkg.module') as mock:
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_path.py b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_path.py
index ede9b5f..0e055b1 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_path.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_path.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
         # Test None returned upon not finding a suitable finder.
         module = '<test module>'
         with util.import_state():
-            self.assert_(machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module) is None)
+            self.assertTrue(machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module) is None)
 
     def test_sys_path(self):
         # Test that sys.path is used when 'path' is None.
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
         with util.import_state(path_importer_cache={path: importer},
                                path=[path]):
             loader = machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module)
-            self.assert_(loader is importer)
+            self.assertTrue(loader is importer)
 
     def test_path(self):
         # Test that 'path' is used when set.
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
         importer = util.mock_modules(module)
         with util.import_state(path_importer_cache={path: importer}):
             loader = machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module, [path])
-            self.assert_(loader is importer)
+            self.assertTrue(loader is importer)
 
     def test_path_hooks(self):
         # Test that sys.path_hooks is used.
@@ -51,16 +51,16 @@
         hook = import_util.mock_path_hook(path, importer=importer)
         with util.import_state(path_hooks=[hook]):
             loader = machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module, [path])
-            self.assert_(loader is importer)
-            self.assert_(path in sys.path_importer_cache)
-            self.assert_(sys.path_importer_cache[path] is importer)
+            self.assertTrue(loader is importer)
+            self.assertTrue(path in sys.path_importer_cache)
+            self.assertTrue(sys.path_importer_cache[path] is importer)
 
     def test_path_importer_cache_has_None(self):
         # Test that if sys.path_importer_cache has None that None is returned.
         clear_cache = {path: None for path in sys.path}
         with util.import_state(path_importer_cache=clear_cache):
             for name in ('asynchat', 'sys', '<test module>'):
-                self.assert_(machinery.PathFinder.find_module(name) is None)
+                self.assertTrue(machinery.PathFinder.find_module(name) is None)
 
     def test_path_importer_cache_has_None_continues(self):
         # Test that having None in sys.path_importer_cache causes the search to
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
         with util.import_state(path=['1', '2'],
                             path_importer_cache={'1': None, '2': importer}):
             loader = machinery.PathFinder.find_module(module)
-            self.assert_(loader is importer)
+            self.assertTrue(loader is importer)
 
 
 
@@ -88,15 +88,15 @@
         with util.import_state():
             nothing = _bootstrap._DefaultPathFinder.find_module(module,
                                                            path=[existing_path])
-            self.assert_(nothing is None)
-            self.assert_(existing_path in sys.path_importer_cache)
-            self.assert_(not isinstance(sys.path_importer_cache[existing_path],
+            self.assertTrue(nothing is None)
+            self.assertTrue(existing_path in sys.path_importer_cache)
+            self.assertTrue(not isinstance(sys.path_importer_cache[existing_path],
                                         imp.NullImporter))
             nothing = _bootstrap._DefaultPathFinder.find_module(module,
                                                                 path=[bad_path])
-            self.assert_(nothing is None)
-            self.assert_(bad_path in sys.path_importer_cache)
-            self.assert_(isinstance(sys.path_importer_cache[bad_path],
+            self.assertTrue(nothing is None)
+            self.assertTrue(bad_path in sys.path_importer_cache)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(sys.path_importer_cache[bad_path],
                                     imp.NullImporter))
 
     def test_path_importer_cache_has_None(self):
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
             with util.import_state(path_importer_cache={path: None}):
                 loader = _bootstrap._DefaultPathFinder.find_module(module,
                                                                     path=[path])
-                self.assert_(loader is importer)
+                self.assertTrue(loader is importer)
         finally:
             _bootstrap._DEFAULT_PATH_HOOK = original_hook
 
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_relative_imports.py b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_relative_imports.py
index dca0699..5547d4c 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_relative_imports.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/import_/test_relative_imports.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
             import_util.import_('pkg')  # For __import__().
             module = import_util.import_('', global_, fromlist=['mod2'], level=1)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
-            self.assert_(hasattr(module, 'mod2'))
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'mod2'))
             self.assertEqual(module.mod2.attr, 'pkg.mod2')
         self.relative_import_test(create, globals_, callback)
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
             module = import_util.import_('', global_, fromlist=['module'],
                              level=1)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
-            self.assert_(hasattr(module, 'module'))
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'module'))
             self.assertEqual(module.module.attr, 'pkg.module')
         self.relative_import_test(create, globals_, callback)
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
             module = import_util.import_('', global_, fromlist=['subpkg2'],
                                             level=2)
             self.assertEqual(module.__name__, 'pkg')
-            self.assert_(hasattr(module, 'subpkg2'))
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'subpkg2'))
             self.assertEqual(module.subpkg2.attr, 'pkg.subpkg2.__init__')
 
     def test_deep_import(self):
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_abc_loader.py b/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_abc_loader.py
index b95db04..6848527 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_abc_loader.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_abc_loader.py
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@
         mock = self.mocker({name: path})
         with util.uncache(name):
             module = mock.load_module(name)
-            self.assert_(name in sys.modules)
+            self.assertTrue(name in sys.modules)
         self.eq_attrs(module, __name__=name, __file__=path, __package__='',
                         __loader__=mock)
-        self.assert_(not hasattr(module, '__path__'))
+        self.assertTrue(not hasattr(module, '__path__'))
         return mock, name
 
     def test_package(self):
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
         mock = self.mocker({name: path})
         with util.uncache(name):
             module = mock.load_module(name)
-            self.assert_(name in sys.modules)
+            self.assertTrue(name in sys.modules)
         self.eq_attrs(module, __name__=name, __file__=path,
                 __path__=[os.path.dirname(path)], __package__=name,
                 __loader__=mock)
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@
         with util.uncache(name):
             sys.modules[name] = module
             loaded_module = mock.load_module(name)
-            self.assert_(loaded_module is module)
-            self.assert_(sys.modules[name] is module)
+            self.assertTrue(loaded_module is module)
+            self.assertTrue(sys.modules[name] is module)
         return mock, name
 
     def test_state_after_failure(self):
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@
         with util.uncache(name):
             sys.modules[name] = module
             self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, mock.load_module, name)
-            self.assert_(sys.modules[name] is module)
-            self.assert_(hasattr(module, 'blah'))
+            self.assertTrue(sys.modules[name] is module)
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, 'blah'))
         return mock
 
     def test_unloadable(self):
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
         mock.source = b"1/0"
         with util.uncache(name):
             self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, mock.load_module, name)
-            self.assert_(name not in sys.modules)
+            self.assertTrue(name not in sys.modules)
         return mock
 
 
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
         sys.dont_write_bytecode = dont_write_bytecode
         with util.uncache(name):
             mock.load_module(name)
-        self.assert_((name in mock.module_bytecode) is not
+        self.assertTrue((name in mock.module_bytecode) is not
                         dont_write_bytecode)
 
     def test_no_bytecode_written(self):
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
                                         'magic': bad_magic}})
         with util.uncache(name):
             mock.load_module(name)
-        self.assert_(name in mock.module_bytecode)
+        self.assertTrue(name in mock.module_bytecode)
         magic = mock.module_bytecode[name][:4]
         self.assertEqual(magic, imp.get_magic())
 
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@
                 {name: {'path': 'path/to/mod.bytecode', 'mtime': old_mtime}})
         with util.uncache(name):
             mock.load_module(name)
-        self.assert_(name in mock.module_bytecode)
+        self.assertTrue(name in mock.module_bytecode)
         mtime = importlib._r_long(mock.module_bytecode[name][4:8])
         self.assertEqual(mtime, PyPycLoaderMock.default_mtime)
 
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_file_loader.py b/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_file_loader.py
index d01a2a7..0384e7d 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_file_loader.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_file_loader.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
             loader = _bootstrap._PyPycFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'],
                                                     False)
             module = loader.load_module('_temp')
-            self.assert_('_temp' in sys.modules)
+            self.assertTrue('_temp' in sys.modules)
             check = {'__name__': '_temp', '__file__': mapping['_temp'],
                      '__package__': ''}
             for attr, value in check.items():
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
                                                  mapping['_pkg.__init__'],
                                                  True)
             module = loader.load_module('_pkg')
-            self.assert_('_pkg' in sys.modules)
+            self.assertTrue('_pkg' in sys.modules)
             check = {'__name__': '_pkg', '__file__': mapping['_pkg.__init__'],
                      '__path__': [os.path.dirname(mapping['_pkg.__init__'])],
                      '__package__': '_pkg'}
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
             loader = _bootstrap._PyPycFileLoader('_pkg.mod',
                                                     mapping['_pkg.mod'], False)
             module = loader.load_module('_pkg.mod')
-            self.assert_('_pkg.mod' in sys.modules)
+            self.assertTrue('_pkg.mod' in sys.modules)
             check = {'__name__': '_pkg.mod', '__file__': mapping['_pkg.mod'],
                      '__package__': '_pkg'}
             for attr, value in check.items():
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
             # than the original mtime.
             loader.source_mtime = self.fake_mtime(loader.source_mtime)
             module = loader.load_module('_temp')
-            self.assert_('testing_var' in module.__dict__,
+            self.assertTrue('testing_var' in module.__dict__,
                          "'testing_var' not in "
                             "{0}".format(list(module.__dict__.keys())))
             self.assertEqual(module, sys.modules['_temp'])
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
             loader = _bootstrap._PyPycFileLoader('_temp', mapping['_temp'],
                                                     False)
             self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, loader.load_module, '_temp')
-            self.assert_('_temp' not in sys.modules)
+            self.assertTrue('_temp' not in sys.modules)
 
 
 class BadBytecodeTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
     def import_(self, file, module_name):
         loader = _bootstrap._PyPycFileLoader(module_name, file, False)
         module = loader.load_module(module_name)
-        self.assert_(module_name in sys.modules)
+        self.assertTrue(module_name in sys.modules)
 
     # [bad magic]
     @source_util.writes_bytecode_files
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
                 bytecode_file.write(b'AAAA')
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.import_, mapping['_temp'],
                                 '_temp')
-            self.assert_('_temp' not in sys.modules)
+            self.assertTrue('_temp' not in sys.modules)
 
 
 def test_main():
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_finder.py b/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_finder.py
index dd56429..c495c5a 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_finder.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_finder.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
                 for name in unlink:
                     os.unlink(mapping[name])
             loader = self.import_(mapping['.root'], test)
-            self.assert_(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
             return loader
 
     def test_module(self):
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
         with source_util.create_modules('pkg.__init__', 'pkg.sub') as mapping:
             pkg_dir = os.path.dirname(mapping['pkg.__init__'])
             loader = self.import_(pkg_dir, 'pkg.sub')
-            self.assert_(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
 
     # [sub package]
     def test_package_in_package(self):
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
         with context as mapping:
             pkg_dir = os.path.dirname(mapping['pkg.__init__'])
             loader = self.import_(pkg_dir, 'pkg.sub')
-            self.assert_(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(loader, 'load_module'))
 
     # [sub empty]
     def test_empty_sub_directory(self):
@@ -105,13 +105,13 @@
         # XXX This is not a blackbox test!
         name = '_temp'
         loader = self.run_test(name, {'{0}.__init__'.format(name), name})
-        self.assert_('__init__' in loader._base_path)
+        self.assertTrue('__init__' in loader._base_path)
 
 
     def test_failure(self):
         with source_util.create_modules('blah') as mapping:
             nothing = self.import_(mapping['.root'], 'sdfsadsadf')
-            self.assert_(nothing is None)
+            self.assertTrue(nothing is None)
 
     # [empty dir]
     def test_empty_dir(self):
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_path_hook.py b/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_path_hook.py
index 71ca508..3efb3be 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_path_hook.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/source/test_path_hook.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     def test_success(self):
         # XXX Only work on existing directories?
         with source_util.create_modules('dummy') as mapping:
-            self.assert_(hasattr(_bootstrap._FileFinder(mapping['.root']),
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(_bootstrap._FileFinder(mapping['.root']),
                                  'find_module'))
 
 
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/test_abc.py b/Lib/importlib/test/test_abc.py
index a54adb9..c5a5908 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/test_abc.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/test_abc.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     def verify(self, ABC, *classes):
         """Verify the classes are subclasses of the ABC."""
         for cls in classes:
-            self.assert_(issubclass(cls, ABC))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(cls, ABC))
 
     def test_Finder(self):
         self.verify(abc.Finder, machinery.BuiltinImporter,
diff --git a/Lib/importlib/test/test_util.py b/Lib/importlib/test/test_util.py
index 706128a..406477d 100644
--- a/Lib/importlib/test/test_util.py
+++ b/Lib/importlib/test/test_util.py
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
         module_name = 'a.b.c'
         with test_util.uncache(module_name):
             module = self.return_module(module_name)
-            self.assert_(module_name in sys.modules)
-        self.assert_(isinstance(module, types.ModuleType))
+            self.assertTrue(module_name in sys.modules)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(module, types.ModuleType))
         self.assertEqual(module.__name__, module_name)
 
     def test_reload(self):
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
         with test_util.uncache(name):
             sys.modules[name] = module
             returned_module = self.return_module(name)
-            self.assert_(sys.modules[name] is returned_module)
+            self.assertTrue(sys.modules[name] is returned_module)
 
     def test_new_module_failure(self):
         # Test that a module is removed from sys.modules if added but an
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
         name = 'a.b.c'
         with test_util.uncache(name):
             self.raise_exception(name)
-            self.assert_(name not in sys.modules)
+            self.assertTrue(name not in sys.modules)
 
     def test_reload_failure(self):
         # Test that a failure on reload leaves the module in-place.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
         with test_util.uncache(name):
             sys.modules[name] = module
             self.raise_exception(name)
-            self.assert_(sys.modules[name] is module)
+            self.assertTrue(sys.modules[name] is module)
 
 
 class SetPackageTests(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
         fxn = lambda: module
         wrapped = util.set_package(fxn)
         wrapped()
-        self.assert_(hasattr(module, '__package__'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(module, '__package__'))
         self.assertEqual(expect, module.__package__)
 
     def test_top_level(self):