| This is Python version 3.2 |
| ========================== |
| |
| Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 |
| Python Software Foundation. |
| All rights reserved. |
| |
| Python 3.x is a new version of the language, which is incompatible with the |
| 2.x line of releases. The language is mostly the same, but many details, |
| especially how built-in objects like dictionaries and strings work, have |
| changed considerably, and a lot of deprecated features have finally been |
| removed. |
| |
| |
| Build Instructions |
| ------------------ |
| |
| On Unix, Linux, BSD, OSX, and Cygwin: |
| |
| ./configure |
| make |
| make test |
| sudo make install |
| |
| This will install Python as python3. |
| |
| You can pass many options to the configure script; run "./configure |
| --help" to find out more. On OSX and Cygwin, the executable is called |
| python.exe; elsewhere it's just python. |
| |
| On Mac OS X, if you have configured Python with --enable-framework, |
| you should use "make frameworkinstall" to do the installation. Note |
| that this installs the Python executable in a place that is not |
| normally on your PATH, you may want to set up a symlink in |
| /usr/local/bin. |
| |
| On Windows, see PCbuild/readme.txt. |
| |
| If you wish, you can create a subdirectory and invoke configure from |
| there. For example: |
| |
| mkdir debug |
| cd debug |
| ../configure --with-pydebug |
| make |
| make test |
| |
| (This will fail if you *also* built at the top-level directory. You |
| should do a "make clean" at the toplevel first.) |
| |
| |
| What's New |
| ---------- |
| |
| We try to have a comprehensive overview of the changes in the "What's New in |
| Python 3.1" document, found at |
| |
| http://docs.python.org/dev/3.1/whatsnew/3.1.html |
| |
| For a more detailed change log, read Misc/NEWS (though this file, too, |
| is incomplete, and also doesn't list anything merged in from the 2.7 |
| release under development). |
| |
| If you want to install multiple versions of Python see the section below |
| entitled "Installing multiple versions". |
| |
| |
| Documentation |
| ------------- |
| |
| Documentation for Python 3.1 is online, updated twice a day: |
| |
| http://docs.python.org/dev/3.1/ |
| |
| All documentation is also available online at the Python web site |
| (http://docs.python.org/, see below). It is available online for |
| occasional reference, or can be downloaded in many formats for faster |
| access. The documentation is downloadable in HTML, PostScript, PDF, |
| LaTeX (through 2.5), and reStructuredText (2.6+) formats; the LaTeX and |
| reStructuredText versions are primarily for documentation authors, |
| translators, and people with special formatting requirements. |
| |
| |
| Converting From Python 2.x to 3.x |
| --------------------------------- |
| |
| Python starting with 2.6 will contain features to help locating code that |
| needs to be changed, such as optional warnings when deprecated features are |
| used, and backported versions of certain key Python 3.x features. |
| |
| A source-to-source translation tool, "2to3", can take care of the mundane task |
| of converting large amounts of source code. It is not a complete solution but |
| is complemented by the deprecation warnings in 2.6. See |
| http://docs.python.org/dev/py3k/library/2to3.html for more information. |
| |
| |
| Testing |
| ------- |
| |
| To test the interpreter, type "make test" in the top-level directory. |
| This runs the test set twice (once with no compiled files, once with |
| the compiled files left by the previous test run). The test set |
| produces some output. You can generally ignore the messages about |
| skipped tests due to optional features which can't be imported. |
| If a message is printed about a failed test or a traceback or core |
| dump is produced, something is wrong. On some Linux systems (those |
| that are not yet using glibc 6), test_strftime fails due to a |
| non-standard implementation of strftime() in the C library. Please |
| ignore this, or upgrade to glibc version 6. |
| |
| By default, tests are prevented from overusing resources like disk space and |
| memory. To enable these tests, run "make testall". |
| |
| IMPORTANT: If the tests fail and you decide to mail a bug report, |
| *don't* include the output of "make test". It is useless. Run the |
| failing test manually, as follows: |
| |
| ./python Lib/test/regrtest.py -v test_whatever |
| |
| (substituting the top of the source tree for '.' if you built in a |
| different directory). This runs the test in verbose mode. |
| |
| |
| Installing multiple versions |
| ---------------------------- |
| |
| On Unix and Mac systems if you intend to install multiple versions of Python |
| using the same installation prefix (--prefix argument to the configure |
| script) you must take care that your primary python executable is not |
| overwritten by the installation of a different versio. All files and |
| directories installed using "make altinstall" contain the major and minor |
| version and can thus live side-by-side. "make install" also creates |
| ${prefix}/bin/python3 which refers to ${prefix}/bin/pythonX.Y. If you intend |
| to install multiple versions using the same prefix you must decide which |
| version (if any) is your "primary" version. Install that version using |
| "make install". Install all other versions using "make altinstall". |
| |
| For example, if you want to install Python 2.5, 2.6 and 3.0 with 2.6 being |
| the primary version, you would execute "make install" in your 2.6 build |
| directory and "make altinstall" in the others. |
| |
| |
| Issue Tracker and Mailing List |
| ------------------------------ |
| |
| We're soliciting bug reports about all aspects of the language. Fixes |
| are also welcome, preferable in unified diff format. Please use the |
| issue tracker: |
| |
| http://bugs.python.org/ |
| |
| If you're not sure whether you're dealing with a bug or a feature, use |
| the mailing list: |
| |
| python-dev@python.org |
| |
| To subscribe to the list, use the mailman form: |
| |
| http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev/ |
| |
| |
| Proposals for enhancement |
| ------------------------- |
| |
| If you have a proposal to change Python, you may want to send an email to the |
| comp.lang.python or python-ideas mailing lists for inital feedback. A Python |
| Enhancement Proposal (PEP) may be submitted if your idea gains ground. All |
| current PEPs, as well as guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are listed at |
| http://www.python.org/dev/peps/. |
| |
| |
| Release Schedule |
| ---------------- |
| |
| See PEP 375 for release details: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0375/ |
| |
| |
| Copyright and License Information |
| --------------------------------- |
| |
| Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 |
| Python Software Foundation. |
| All rights reserved. |
| |
| Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com. |
| All rights reserved. |
| |
| Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives. |
| All rights reserved. |
| |
| Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum. |
| All rights reserved. |
| |
| See the file "LICENSE" for information on the history of this |
| software, terms & conditions for usage, and a DISCLAIMER OF ALL |
| WARRANTIES. |
| |
| This Python distribution contains *no* GNU General Public License |
| (GPL) code, so it may be used in proprietary projects. There are |
| interfaces to some GNU code but these are entirely optional. |
| |
| All trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective |
| holders. |