bpo-40137: Add pycore_moduleobject.h internal header (GH-25507)

Add pycore_moduleobject.h internal header file with static inline
functions to access module members:

* _PyModule_GetDict()
* _PyModule_GetDef()
* _PyModule_GetState()

These functions don't check at runtime if their argument has a valid
type and can be inlined even if Python is not built with LTO.

_PyType_GetModuleByDef() uses _PyModule_GetDef().

Replace PyModule_GetState() with _PyModule_GetState() in the
extension modules, considered as performance sensitive:

* _abc
* _functools
* _operator
* _pickle
* _queue
* _random
* _sre
* _struct
* _thread
* _winapi
* array
* posix

The following extensions are now built with the Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE
macro defined, to be able to use the internal pycore_moduleobject.h
header: _abc, array, _operator, _queue, _sre, _struct.
diff --git a/Objects/frameobject.c b/Objects/frameobject.c
index 9687ba5..b0487c2 100644
--- a/Objects/frameobject.c
+++ b/Objects/frameobject.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals()
+#include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetDict()
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK()
 
 #include "frameobject.h"          // PyFrameObject
@@ -1176,7 +1177,7 @@ _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *globals)
     PyObject *builtins = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(globals, &PyId___builtins__);
     if (builtins) {
         if (PyModule_Check(builtins)) {
-            builtins = PyModule_GetDict(builtins);
+            builtins = _PyModule_GetDict(builtins);
             assert(builtins != NULL);
         }
         return builtins;
diff --git a/Objects/moduleobject.c b/Objects/moduleobject.c
index e57ea86..a6eb85b 100644
--- a/Objects/moduleobject.c
+++ b/Objects/moduleobject.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // PyInterpreterState.importlib
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
+#include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetDef()
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
 
 static Py_ssize_t max_module_number;
@@ -12,15 +13,6 @@ _Py_IDENTIFIER(__doc__);
 _Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
 _Py_IDENTIFIER(__spec__);
 
-typedef struct {
-    PyObject_HEAD
-    PyObject *md_dict;
-    struct PyModuleDef *md_def;
-    void *md_state;
-    PyObject *md_weaklist;
-    PyObject *md_name;  /* for logging purposes after md_dict is cleared */
-} PyModuleObject;
-
 static PyMemberDef module_members[] = {
     {"__dict__", T_OBJECT, offsetof(PyModuleObject, md_dict), READONLY},
     {0}
@@ -469,14 +461,11 @@ PyModule_SetDocString(PyObject *m, const char *doc)
 PyObject *
 PyModule_GetDict(PyObject *m)
 {
-    PyObject *d;
     if (!PyModule_Check(m)) {
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return NULL;
     }
-    d = ((PyModuleObject *)m) -> md_dict;
-    assert(d != NULL);
-    return d;
+    return _PyModule_GetDict(m);
 }
 
 PyObject*
@@ -556,7 +545,7 @@ PyModule_GetDef(PyObject* m)
         PyErr_BadArgument();
         return NULL;
     }
-    return ((PyModuleObject *)m)->md_def;
+    return _PyModule_GetDef(m);
 }
 
 void*
@@ -566,7 +555,7 @@ PyModule_GetState(PyObject* m)
         PyErr_BadArgument();
         return NULL;
     }
-    return ((PyModuleObject *)m)->md_state;
+    return _PyModule_GetState(m);
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/Objects/typeobject.c b/Objects/typeobject.c
index 03af2c5..254d12c 100644
--- a/Objects/typeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/typeobject.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "pycore_call.h"
 #include "pycore_compile.h"       // _Py_Mangle()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"
+#include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetDef()
 #include "pycore_object.h"
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
@@ -3582,7 +3583,7 @@ PyType_GetModuleState(PyTypeObject *type)
     if (m == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    return PyModule_GetState(m);
+    return _PyModule_GetState(m);
 }
 
 
@@ -3617,7 +3618,7 @@ _PyType_GetModuleByDef(PyTypeObject *type, struct PyModuleDef *def)
 
         PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject*)super;
         PyObject *module = ht->ht_module;
-        if (module && PyModule_GetDef(module) == def) {
+        if (module && _PyModule_GetDef(module) == def) {
             return module;
         }
         i++;