diff --git a/Lib/ftplib.py b/Lib/ftplib.py
index 634bbde..cfc51ba 100644
--- a/Lib/ftplib.py
+++ b/Lib/ftplib.py
@@ -212,16 +212,16 @@
         if c in ('1', '2', '3'):
             return resp
         if c == '4':
-            raise error_temp, resp
+            raise error_temp(resp)
         if c == '5':
-            raise error_perm, resp
-        raise error_proto, resp
+            raise error_perm(resp)
+        raise error_proto(resp)
 
     def voidresp(self):
         """Expect a response beginning with '2'."""
         resp = self.getresp()
         if resp[0] != '2':
-            raise error_reply, resp
+            raise error_reply(resp)
         return resp
 
     def abort(self):
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
         self.sock.sendall(line, MSG_OOB)
         resp = self.getmultiline()
         if resp[:3] not in ('426', '226'):
-            raise error_proto, resp
+            raise error_proto(resp)
 
     def sendcmd(self, cmd):
         '''Send a command and return the response.'''
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
         if self.af == socket.AF_INET6:
             af = 2
         if af == 0:
-            raise error_proto, 'unsupported address family'
+            raise error_proto('unsupported address family')
         fields = ['', repr(af), host, repr(port), '']
         cmd = 'EPRT ' + '|'.join(fields)
         return self.voidcmd(cmd)
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@
                 continue
             break
         if not sock:
-            raise socket.error, msg
+            raise socket.error(msg)
         sock.listen(1)
         port = sock.getsockname()[1] # Get proper port
         host = self.sock.getsockname()[0] # Get proper host
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@
             if resp[0] == '2':
                 resp = self.getresp()
             if resp[0] != '1':
-                raise error_reply, resp
+                raise error_reply(resp)
         else:
             sock = self.makeport()
             if rest is not None:
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@
             if resp[0] == '2':
                 resp = self.getresp()
             if resp[0] != '1':
-                raise error_reply, resp
+                raise error_reply(resp)
             conn, sockaddr = sock.accept()
         if resp[:3] == '150':
             # this is conditional in case we received a 125
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@
         if resp[0] == '3': resp = self.sendcmd('PASS ' + passwd)
         if resp[0] == '3': resp = self.sendcmd('ACCT ' + acct)
         if resp[0] != '2':
-            raise error_reply, resp
+            raise error_reply(resp)
         return resp
 
     def retrbinary(self, cmd, callback, blocksize=8192, rest=None):
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@
         '''Rename a file.'''
         resp = self.sendcmd('RNFR ' + fromname)
         if resp[0] != '3':
-            raise error_reply, resp
+            raise error_reply(resp)
         return self.voidcmd('RNTO ' + toname)
 
     def delete(self, filename):
@@ -486,9 +486,9 @@
         if resp[:3] in ('250', '200'):
             return resp
         elif resp[:1] == '5':
-            raise error_perm, resp
+            raise error_perm(resp)
         else:
-            raise error_reply, resp
+            raise error_reply(resp)
 
     def cwd(self, dirname):
         '''Change to a directory.'''
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
     be present in the 150 message.
     '''
     if resp[:3] != '150':
-        raise error_reply, resp
+        raise error_reply(resp)
     global _150_re
     if _150_re is None:
         import re
@@ -573,14 +573,14 @@
     Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.'''
 
     if resp[:3] != '227':
-        raise error_reply, resp
+        raise error_reply(resp)
     global _227_re
     if _227_re is None:
         import re
         _227_re = re.compile(r'(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+)')
     m = _227_re.search(resp)
     if not m:
-        raise error_proto, resp
+        raise error_proto(resp)
     numbers = m.groups()
     host = '.'.join(numbers[:4])
     port = (int(numbers[4]) << 8) + int(numbers[5])
@@ -593,17 +593,17 @@
     Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.'''
 
     if resp[:3] != '229':
-        raise error_reply, resp
+        raise error_reply(resp)
     left = resp.find('(')
-    if left < 0: raise error_proto, resp
+    if left < 0: raise error_proto(resp)
     right = resp.find(')', left + 1)
     if right < 0:
-        raise error_proto, resp # should contain '(|||port|)'
+        raise error_proto(resp) # should contain '(|||port|)'
     if resp[left + 1] != resp[right - 1]:
-        raise error_proto, resp
+        raise error_proto(resp)
     parts = resp[left + 1:right].split(resp[left+1])
     if len(parts) != 5:
-        raise error_proto, resp
+        raise error_proto(resp)
     host = peer[0]
     port = int(parts[3])
     return host, port
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
     Returns the directoryname in the 257 reply.'''
 
     if resp[:3] != '257':
-        raise error_reply, resp
+        raise error_reply(resp)
     if resp[3:5] != ' "':
         return '' # Not compliant to RFC 959, but UNIX ftpd does this
     dirname = ''
@@ -674,8 +674,7 @@
                 filename = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"],
                                         ".netrc")
             else:
-                raise IOError, \
-                      "specify file to load or set $HOME"
+                raise IOError("specify file to load or set $HOME")
         self.__hosts = {}
         self.__macros = {}
         fp = open(filename, "r")