closes bpo-39605: Fix some casts to not cast away const. (GH-18453)

gcc -Wcast-qual turns up a number of instances of casting away constness of pointers. Some of these can be safely modified, by either:

Adding the const to the type cast, as in:

-    return _PyUnicode_FromUCS1((unsigned char*)s, size);
+    return _PyUnicode_FromUCS1((const unsigned char*)s, size);

or, Removing the cast entirely, because it's not necessary (but probably was at one time), as in:

-    PyDTrace_FUNCTION_ENTRY((char *)filename, (char *)funcname, lineno);
+    PyDTrace_FUNCTION_ENTRY(filename, funcname, lineno);

These changes will not change code, but they will make it much easier to check for errors in consts
diff --git a/Objects/stringlib/codecs.h b/Objects/stringlib/codecs.h
index d6f2b98..269a558 100644
--- a/Objects/stringlib/codecs.h
+++ b/Objects/stringlib/codecs.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
                     /* Read a whole long at a time (either 4 or 8 bytes),
                        and do a fast unrolled copy if it only contains ASCII
                        characters. */
-                    unsigned long value = *(unsigned long *) _s;
+                    unsigned long value = *(const unsigned long *) _s;
                     if (value & ASCII_CHAR_MASK)
                         break;
 #if PY_LITTLE_ENDIAN
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
             /* Fast path for runs of in-range non-surrogate chars. */
             const unsigned char *_q = q;
             while (_q < aligned_end) {
-                unsigned long block = * (unsigned long *) _q;
+                unsigned long block = * (const unsigned long *) _q;
                 if (native_ordering) {
                     /* Can use buffer directly */
                     if (block & FAST_CHAR_MASK)