diff --git a/Lib/test/test_positional_only_arg.py b/Lib/test/test_positional_only_arg.py
index 59b0b8f..63dee7c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_positional_only_arg.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_positional_only_arg.py
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 def global_pos_only_defaults(a=1, /, b=2):
     return a, b
 
+def global_inner_has_pos_only():
+    def f(x: int, /): ...
+    return f
+
 
 class PositionalOnlyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -412,6 +416,9 @@
 
         self.assertEqual(C().method(), sentinel)
 
+    def test_annotations(self):
+        assert global_inner_has_pos_only().__annotations__ == {'x': int}
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2020-01-04-17-25-34.bpo-39215.xiqiIz.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2020-01-04-17-25-34.bpo-39215.xiqiIz.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a3178f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2020-01-04-17-25-34.bpo-39215.xiqiIz.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix ``SystemError`` when nested function has annotation on positional-only
+argument - by Anthony Sottile.
diff --git a/Python/symtable.c b/Python/symtable.c
index b871358..30482d9 100644
--- a/Python/symtable.c
+++ b/Python/symtable.c
@@ -1717,6 +1717,8 @@
 symtable_visit_annotations(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s,
                            arguments_ty a, expr_ty returns)
 {
+    if (a->posonlyargs && !symtable_visit_argannotations(st, a->posonlyargs))
+        return 0;
     if (a->args && !symtable_visit_argannotations(st, a->args))
         return 0;
     if (a->vararg && a->vararg->annotation)