bpo-36301: Add _PyRuntime.pre_initialized (GH-12457)

* Add _PyRuntime.pre_initialized: set to 1 when Python
  is pre-initialized
* Add _Py_PreInitialize() and _Py_PreInitializeFromPreConfig().
* _PyCoreConfig_Read() now calls  _Py_PreInitialize().
* Move _PyPreConfig_GetGlobalConfig() and
  _PyCoreConfig_GetGlobalConfig() calls from main.c to preconfig.c
  and coreconfig.c.
diff --git a/Python/preconfig.c b/Python/preconfig.c
index b034361..a149ea5 100644
--- a/Python/preconfig.c
+++ b/Python/preconfig.c
@@ -672,6 +672,8 @@
         goto done;
     }
 
+    _PyPreConfig_GetGlobalConfig(config);
+
     if (_PyPreConfig_Copy(&save_config, config) < 0) {
         err = _Py_INIT_NO_MEMORY();
         goto done;