diff --git a/Include/Python.h b/Include/Python.h
index aa60175..55b06ae 100644
--- a/Include/Python.h
+++ b/Include/Python.h
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
 #include "codecs.h"
 #include "pyerrors.h"
 
-#include "coreconfig.h"
+#include "cpython/coreconfig.h"
 #include "pystate.h"
 #include "context.h"
 
diff --git a/Include/coreconfig.h b/Include/cpython/coreconfig.h
similarity index 92%
rename from Include/coreconfig.h
rename to Include/cpython/coreconfig.h
index 0ed3222..f7ac3f9 100644
--- a/Include/coreconfig.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/coreconfig.h
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #ifndef Py_PYCORECONFIG_H
 #define Py_PYCORECONFIG_H
+#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+/* _PyInitError */
 
-#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
 typedef struct {
     const char *prefix;
     const char *msg;
@@ -32,8 +33,7 @@
 #define _Py_INIT_FAILED(err) \
     (err.msg != NULL)
 
-#endif   /* !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) */
-
+/* _PyCoreConfig */
 
 typedef struct {
     /* Install signal handlers? Yes by default. */
@@ -339,32 +339,12 @@
 /* Note: _PyCoreConfig_INIT sets other fields to 0/NULL */
 
 
-#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
-PyAPI_FUNC(_PyInitError) _PyCoreConfig_Read(_PyCoreConfig *config);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyCoreConfig_Clear(_PyCoreConfig *);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCoreConfig_Copy(
-    _PyCoreConfig *config,
-    const _PyCoreConfig *config2);
-PyAPI_FUNC(_PyInitError) _PyCoreConfig_InitPathConfig(_PyCoreConfig *config);
-PyAPI_FUNC(_PyInitError) _PyCoreConfig_SetPathConfig(
-    const _PyCoreConfig *config);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyCoreConfig_GetGlobalConfig(_PyCoreConfig *config);
-PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyCoreConfig_SetGlobalConfig(const _PyCoreConfig *config);
-PyAPI_FUNC(const char*) _PyCoreConfig_GetEnv(
-    const _PyCoreConfig *config,
-    const char *name);
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCoreConfig_GetEnvDup(
-    const _PyCoreConfig *config,
-    wchar_t **dest,
-    wchar_t *wname,
-    char *name);
-
-/* Used by _testcapi.get_global_config() and _testcapi.get_core_config() */
+/* Functions used for testing */
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _Py_GetGlobalVariablesAsDict(void);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyCoreConfig_AsDict(const _PyCoreConfig *config);
-#endif
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
+#endif /* !Py_LIMITED_API */
 #endif /* !Py_PYCORECONFIG_H */
diff --git a/Include/cpython/pystate.h b/Include/cpython/pystate.h
index 0da59d9..3fca78f 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/pystate.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/pystate.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+#include "cpython/coreconfig.h"
+
 /* Placeholders while working on the new configuration API
  *
  * See PEP 432 for final anticipated contents
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_coreconfig.h b/Include/internal/pycore_coreconfig.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b906ac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_coreconfig.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_CORECONFIG_H
+#define Py_INTERNAL_CORECONFIG_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN)
+#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE or Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN defined"
+#endif
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(_PyInitError) _PyCoreConfig_Read(_PyCoreConfig *config);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyCoreConfig_Clear(_PyCoreConfig *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCoreConfig_Copy(
+    _PyCoreConfig *config,
+    const _PyCoreConfig *config2);
+PyAPI_FUNC(_PyInitError) _PyCoreConfig_InitPathConfig(_PyCoreConfig *config);
+PyAPI_FUNC(_PyInitError) _PyCoreConfig_SetPathConfig(
+    const _PyCoreConfig *config);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyCoreConfig_GetGlobalConfig(_PyCoreConfig *config);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyCoreConfig_SetGlobalConfig(const _PyCoreConfig *config);
+PyAPI_FUNC(const char*) _PyCoreConfig_GetEnv(
+    const _PyCoreConfig *config,
+    const char *name);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCoreConfig_GetEnvDup(
+    const _PyCoreConfig *config,
+    wchar_t **dest,
+    wchar_t *wname,
+    char *name);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !Py_INTERNAL_CORECONFIG_H */
diff --git a/Include/pystate.h b/Include/pystate.h
index a541dc8..a79a2e6 100644
--- a/Include/pystate.h
+++ b/Include/pystate.h
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "pythread.h"
-#include "coreconfig.h"
 
 /* This limitation is for performance and simplicity. If needed it can be
 removed (with effort). */
diff --git a/Makefile.pre.in b/Makefile.pre.in
index 1c536f8..9c2d3d6 100644
--- a/Makefile.pre.in
+++ b/Makefile.pre.in
@@ -994,7 +994,6 @@
 		$(srcdir)/Include/codecs.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/compile.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/complexobject.h \
-		$(srcdir)/Include/coreconfig.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/descrobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/dictobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/dtoa.h \
@@ -1071,6 +1070,7 @@
 		$(srcdir)/Include/Python-ast.h \
 		\
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/abstract.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/coreconfig.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/dictobject.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/object.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/cpython/objimpl.h \
@@ -1085,6 +1085,7 @@
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_ceval.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_condvar.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_context.h \
+		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_coreconfig.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_fileutils.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_getopt.h \
 		$(srcdir)/Include/internal/pycore_gil.h \
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2019-03-01-03-23-48.bpo-36142.7F6wJd.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2019-03-01-03-23-48.bpo-36142.7F6wJd.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0005270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2019-03-01-03-23-48.bpo-36142.7F6wJd.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+The whole coreconfig.h header is now excluded from Py_LIMITED_API. Move
+functions definitions into a new internal pycore_coreconfig.h header.
diff --git a/Modules/main.c b/Modules/main.c
index f6e7889..f373dab 100644
--- a/Modules/main.c
+++ b/Modules/main.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "osdefs.h"
+#include "pycore_coreconfig.h"
 #include "pycore_getopt.h"
 #include "pycore_pathconfig.h"
 #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"
diff --git a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
index b1b9944..1ec5f75 100644
--- a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
+++ b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\compile.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\complexobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\context.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\coreconfig.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\abstract.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\coreconfig.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\dictobject.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\object.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\objimpl.h" />
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_ceval.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_condvar.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_context.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_coreconfig.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_fileutils.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_getopt.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_gil.h" />
diff --git a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
index 9dbd066..5053dcf 100644
--- a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\context.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\coreconfig.h">
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\abstract.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\abstract.h">
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\coreconfig.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\cpython\dictobject.h">
@@ -174,6 +174,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_context.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_coreconfig.h">
+      <Filter>Include</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\Include\internal\pycore_fileutils.h">
       <Filter>Include</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
diff --git a/Python/coreconfig.c b/Python/coreconfig.c
index 2fb4e3f..06dbada 100644
--- a/Python/coreconfig.c
+++ b/Python/coreconfig.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_coreconfig.h"
 #include "pycore_fileutils.h"
 #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"
 #include "pycore_pymem.h"
diff --git a/Python/pathconfig.c b/Python/pathconfig.c
index c9bddcf..eadc09b 100644
--- a/Python/pathconfig.c
+++ b/Python/pathconfig.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "osdefs.h"
+#include "pycore_coreconfig.h"
 #include "pycore_fileutils.h"
 #include "pycore_pathconfig.h"
 #include "pycore_pymem.h"
diff --git a/Python/pylifecycle.c b/Python/pylifecycle.c
index eb0fddd..1d65d3b 100644
--- a/Python/pylifecycle.c
+++ b/Python/pylifecycle.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "Python-ast.h"
 #undef Yield   /* undefine macro conflicting with <winbase.h> */
+#include "pycore_coreconfig.h"
 #include "pycore_context.h"
 #include "pycore_fileutils.h"
 #include "pycore_hamt.h"
diff --git a/Python/pystate.c b/Python/pystate.c
index 6fe947d..a9a425c 100644
--- a/Python/pystate.c
+++ b/Python/pystate.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 /* Thread and interpreter state structures and their interfaces */
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_coreconfig.h"
 #include "pycore_pymem.h"
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"