Python issue #21645, Tulip issue 192: Rewrite signal handling

Since Python 3.3, the C signal handler writes the signal number into the wakeup
file descriptor and then schedules the Python call using Py_AddPendingCall().

asyncio uses the wakeup file descriptor to wake up the event loop, and relies
on Py_AddPendingCall() to schedule the final callback with call_soon().

If the C signal handler is called in a thread different than the thread of the
event loop, the loop is awaken but Py_AddPendingCall() was not called yet. In
this case, the event loop has nothing to do and go to sleep again.
Py_AddPendingCall() is called while the event loop is sleeping again and so the
final callback is not scheduled immediatly.

This patch changes how asyncio handles signals. Instead of relying on
Py_AddPendingCall() and the wakeup file descriptor, asyncio now only relies on
the wakeup file descriptor. asyncio reads signal numbers from the wakeup file
descriptor to call its signal handler.
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/unix_events.py b/Lib/asyncio/unix_events.py
index 4ba4f49..73a85c1 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/unix_events.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/unix_events.py
@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@
     raise ImportError('Signals are not really supported on Windows')
 
 
+def _sighandler_noop(signum, frame):
+    """Dummy signal handler."""
+    pass
+
+
 class _UnixSelectorEventLoop(selector_events.BaseSelectorEventLoop):
     """Unix event loop.
 
@@ -49,6 +54,13 @@
         for sig in list(self._signal_handlers):
             self.remove_signal_handler(sig)
 
+    def _process_self_data(self, data):
+        for signum in data:
+            if not signum:
+                # ignore null bytes written by _write_to_self()
+                continue
+            self._handle_signal(signum)
+
     def add_signal_handler(self, sig, callback, *args):
         """Add a handler for a signal.  UNIX only.
 
@@ -69,7 +81,11 @@
         self._signal_handlers[sig] = handle
 
         try:
-            signal.signal(sig, self._handle_signal)
+            # Register a dummy signal handler to ask Python to write the signal
+            # number in the wakup file descriptor. _process_self_data() will
+            # read signal numbers from this file descriptor to handle signals.
+            signal.signal(sig, _sighandler_noop)
+
             # Set SA_RESTART to limit EINTR occurrences.
             signal.siginterrupt(sig, False)
         except OSError as exc:
@@ -85,7 +101,7 @@
             else:
                 raise
 
-    def _handle_signal(self, sig, arg):
+    def _handle_signal(self, sig):
         """Internal helper that is the actual signal handler."""
         handle = self._signal_handlers.get(sig)
         if handle is None: