Fred Drake | 295da24 | 1998-08-10 19:42:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | \section{\module{string} --- |
Fred Drake | ffbe687 | 1999-04-22 21:23:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2 | Common string operations} |
Fred Drake | b91e934 | 1998-07-23 17:59:49 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3 | |
Fred Drake | ffbe687 | 1999-04-22 21:23:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4 | \declaremodule{standard}{string} |
Fred Drake | b91e934 | 1998-07-23 17:59:49 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 5 | \modulesynopsis{Common string operations.} |
| 6 | |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 7 | |
| 8 | This module defines some constants useful for checking character |
Fred Drake | 6d2bdb6 | 1997-12-16 04:04:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 9 | classes and some useful string functions. See the module |
Fred Drake | ffbe687 | 1999-04-22 21:23:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 10 | \refmodule{re}\refstmodindex{re} for string functions based on regular |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 11 | expressions. |
Guido van Rossum | 0bf4d89 | 1995-03-02 12:37:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 12 | |
Andrew M. Kuchling | be06302 | 2000-12-26 16:14:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 13 | The constants defined in this module are: |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 14 | |
Fred Drake | 960fdf9 | 2001-07-20 18:38:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 15 | \begin{datadesc}{ascii_letters} |
| 16 | The concatenation of the \constant{ascii_lowercase} and |
| 17 | \constant{ascii_uppercase} constants described below. This value is |
| 18 | not locale-dependent. |
| 19 | \end{datadesc} |
| 20 | |
| 21 | \begin{datadesc}{ascii_lowercase} |
| 22 | The lowercase letters \code{'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'}. This |
| 23 | value is not locale-dependent and will not change. |
| 24 | \end{datadesc} |
| 25 | |
| 26 | \begin{datadesc}{ascii_uppercase} |
| 27 | The uppercase letters \code{'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'}. This |
| 28 | value is not locale-dependent and will not change. |
| 29 | \end{datadesc} |
| 30 | |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 31 | \begin{datadesc}{digits} |
| 32 | The string \code{'0123456789'}. |
| 33 | \end{datadesc} |
| 34 | |
| 35 | \begin{datadesc}{hexdigits} |
| 36 | The string \code{'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'}. |
| 37 | \end{datadesc} |
| 38 | |
| 39 | \begin{datadesc}{letters} |
Fred Drake | 0682be4 | 2000-04-10 18:35:49 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 40 | The concatenation of the strings \constant{lowercase} and |
Fred Drake | 960fdf9 | 2001-07-20 18:38:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 41 | \constant{uppercase} described below. The specific value is |
| 42 | locale-dependent, and will be updated when |
| 43 | \function{locale.setlocale()} is called. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 44 | \end{datadesc} |
| 45 | |
| 46 | \begin{datadesc}{lowercase} |
| 47 | A string containing all the characters that are considered lowercase |
| 48 | letters. On most systems this is the string |
Guido van Rossum | 8675115 | 1995-02-28 17:14:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 49 | \code{'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'}. Do not change its definition --- |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 50 | the effect on the routines \function{upper()} and |
Fred Drake | 960fdf9 | 2001-07-20 18:38:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 51 | \function{swapcase()} is undefined. The specific value is |
| 52 | locale-dependent, and will be updated when |
| 53 | \function{locale.setlocale()} is called. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 54 | \end{datadesc} |
| 55 | |
| 56 | \begin{datadesc}{octdigits} |
| 57 | The string \code{'01234567'}. |
| 58 | \end{datadesc} |
| 59 | |
Fred Drake | 480abc2 | 2000-09-18 16:48:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 60 | \begin{datadesc}{punctuation} |
| 61 | String of \ASCII{} characters which are considered punctuation |
| 62 | characters in the \samp{C} locale. |
| 63 | \end{datadesc} |
| 64 | |
| 65 | \begin{datadesc}{printable} |
| 66 | String of characters which are considered printable. This is a |
| 67 | combination of \constant{digits}, \constant{letters}, |
| 68 | \constant{punctuation}, and \constant{whitespace}. |
| 69 | \end{datadesc} |
| 70 | |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 71 | \begin{datadesc}{uppercase} |
| 72 | A string containing all the characters that are considered uppercase |
| 73 | letters. On most systems this is the string |
Guido van Rossum | 8675115 | 1995-02-28 17:14:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 74 | \code{'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'}. Do not change its definition --- |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 75 | the effect on the routines \function{lower()} and |
Fred Drake | 960fdf9 | 2001-07-20 18:38:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 76 | \function{swapcase()} is undefined. The specific value is |
| 77 | locale-dependent, and will be updated when |
| 78 | \function{locale.setlocale()} is called. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 79 | \end{datadesc} |
| 80 | |
| 81 | \begin{datadesc}{whitespace} |
| 82 | A string containing all characters that are considered whitespace. |
| 83 | On most systems this includes the characters space, tab, linefeed, |
Guido van Rossum | 8675115 | 1995-02-28 17:14:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 84 | return, formfeed, and vertical tab. Do not change its definition --- |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 85 | the effect on the routines \function{strip()} and \function{split()} |
| 86 | is undefined. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 87 | \end{datadesc} |
| 88 | |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 89 | |
Fred Drake | 1b194f92 | 2000-09-09 05:34:06 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 90 | Many of the functions provided by this module are also defined as |
| 91 | methods of string and Unicode objects; see ``String Methods'' (section |
| 92 | \ref{string-methods}) for more information on those. |
| 93 | The functions defined in this module are: |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 94 | |
| 95 | \begin{funcdesc}{atof}{s} |
Fred Drake | 15f0666 | 2000-10-04 13:59:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 96 | \deprecated{2.0}{Use the \function{float()} built-in function.} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 97 | Convert a string to a floating point number. The string must have |
| 98 | the standard syntax for a floating point literal in Python, |
Fred Drake | 70a66c9 | 1999-02-18 16:08:36 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 99 | optionally preceded by a sign (\samp{+} or \samp{-}). Note that |
| 100 | this behaves identical to the built-in function |
| 101 | \function{float()}\bifuncindex{float} when passed a string. |
| 102 | |
Fred Drake | 0aa811c | 2001-10-20 04:24:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame^] | 103 | \note{When passing in a string, values for NaN\index{NaN} |
Fred Drake | 70a66c9 | 1999-02-18 16:08:36 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 104 | and Infinity\index{Infinity} may be returned, depending on the |
| 105 | underlying C library. The specific set of strings accepted which |
| 106 | cause these values to be returned depends entirely on the C library |
Fred Drake | 0aa811c | 2001-10-20 04:24:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame^] | 107 | and is known to vary.} |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 108 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 109 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 110 | \begin{funcdesc}{atoi}{s\optional{, base}} |
Fred Drake | 15f0666 | 2000-10-04 13:59:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 111 | \deprecated{2.0}{Use the \function{int()} built-in function.} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 112 | Convert string \var{s} to an integer in the given \var{base}. The |
| 113 | string must consist of one or more digits, optionally preceded by a |
| 114 | sign (\samp{+} or \samp{-}). The \var{base} defaults to 10. If it |
| 115 | is 0, a default base is chosen depending on the leading characters |
| 116 | of the string (after stripping the sign): \samp{0x} or \samp{0X} |
| 117 | means 16, \samp{0} means 8, anything else means 10. If \var{base} |
Fred Drake | fffe5db | 2000-09-21 05:25:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 118 | is 16, a leading \samp{0x} or \samp{0X} is always accepted, though |
| 119 | not required. This behaves identically to the built-in function |
| 120 | \function{int()} when passed a string. (Also note: for a more |
| 121 | flexible interpretation of numeric literals, use the built-in |
| 122 | function \function{eval()}\bifuncindex{eval}.) |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 123 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 124 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 125 | \begin{funcdesc}{atol}{s\optional{, base}} |
Fred Drake | 15f0666 | 2000-10-04 13:59:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 126 | \deprecated{2.0}{Use the \function{long()} built-in function.} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 127 | Convert string \var{s} to a long integer in the given \var{base}. |
| 128 | The string must consist of one or more digits, optionally preceded |
| 129 | by a sign (\samp{+} or \samp{-}). The \var{base} argument has the |
| 130 | same meaning as for \function{atoi()}. A trailing \samp{l} or |
| 131 | \samp{L} is not allowed, except if the base is 0. Note that when |
| 132 | invoked without \var{base} or with \var{base} set to 10, this |
| 133 | behaves identical to the built-in function |
| 134 | \function{long()}\bifuncindex{long} when passed a string. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 135 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 136 | |
Guido van Rossum | e5e55d7 | 1996-08-09 21:44:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 137 | \begin{funcdesc}{capitalize}{word} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 138 | Capitalize the first character of the argument. |
Guido van Rossum | e5e55d7 | 1996-08-09 21:44:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 139 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 140 | |
| 141 | \begin{funcdesc}{capwords}{s} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 142 | Split the argument into words using \function{split()}, capitalize |
| 143 | each word using \function{capitalize()}, and join the capitalized |
| 144 | words using \function{join()}. Note that this replaces runs of |
| 145 | whitespace characters by a single space, and removes leading and |
| 146 | trailing whitespace. |
Guido van Rossum | e5e55d7 | 1996-08-09 21:44:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 147 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 148 | |
Fred Drake | 15f0666 | 2000-10-04 13:59:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 149 | \begin{funcdesc}{expandtabs}{s\optional{, tabsize}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 150 | Expand tabs in a string, i.e.\ replace them by one or more spaces, |
| 151 | depending on the current column and the given tab size. The column |
| 152 | number is reset to zero after each newline occurring in the string. |
| 153 | This doesn't understand other non-printing characters or escape |
Guido van Rossum | 9700e9b | 1999-01-25 22:31:53 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 154 | sequences. The tab size defaults to 8. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 155 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 156 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 157 | \begin{funcdesc}{find}{s, sub\optional{, start\optional{,end}}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 158 | Return the lowest index in \var{s} where the substring \var{sub} is |
| 159 | found such that \var{sub} is wholly contained in |
| 160 | \code{\var{s}[\var{start}:\var{end}]}. Return \code{-1} on failure. |
| 161 | Defaults for \var{start} and \var{end} and interpretation of |
| 162 | negative values is the same as for slices. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 163 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 164 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 165 | \begin{funcdesc}{rfind}{s, sub\optional{, start\optional{, end}}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 166 | Like \function{find()} but find the highest index. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 167 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 168 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 169 | \begin{funcdesc}{index}{s, sub\optional{, start\optional{, end}}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 170 | Like \function{find()} but raise \exception{ValueError} when the |
| 171 | substring is not found. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 172 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 173 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 174 | \begin{funcdesc}{rindex}{s, sub\optional{, start\optional{, end}}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 175 | Like \function{rfind()} but raise \exception{ValueError} when the |
| 176 | substring is not found. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 177 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 178 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 179 | \begin{funcdesc}{count}{s, sub\optional{, start\optional{, end}}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 180 | Return the number of (non-overlapping) occurrences of substring |
| 181 | \var{sub} in string \code{\var{s}[\var{start}:\var{end}]}. |
| 182 | Defaults for \var{start} and \var{end} and interpretation of |
Andrew M. Kuchling | a4ca07c | 2000-06-21 01:48:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 183 | negative values are the same as for slices. |
Guido van Rossum | ab3a250 | 1994-08-01 12:18:36 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 184 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 185 | |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 186 | \begin{funcdesc}{lower}{s} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 187 | Return a copy of \var{s}, but with upper case letters converted to |
| 188 | lower case. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 189 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 190 | |
Guido van Rossum | f4d0d57 | 1996-07-30 18:23:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 191 | \begin{funcdesc}{maketrans}{from, to} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 192 | Return a translation table suitable for passing to |
| 193 | \function{translate()} or \function{regex.compile()}, that will map |
| 194 | each character in \var{from} into the character at the same position |
| 195 | in \var{to}; \var{from} and \var{to} must have the same length. |
Guido van Rossum | a3eebe6 | 1998-06-11 16:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 196 | |
Fred Drake | 0aa811c | 2001-10-20 04:24:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame^] | 197 | \warning{Don't use strings derived from \constant{lowercase} |
Fred Drake | 0682be4 | 2000-04-10 18:35:49 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 198 | and \constant{uppercase} as arguments; in some locales, these don't have |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 199 | the same length. For case conversions, always use |
Fred Drake | 0aa811c | 2001-10-20 04:24:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame^] | 200 | \function{lower()} and \function{upper()}.} |
Guido van Rossum | f4d0d57 | 1996-07-30 18:23:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 201 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 202 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 203 | \begin{funcdesc}{split}{s\optional{, sep\optional{, maxsplit}}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 204 | Return a list of the words of the string \var{s}. If the optional |
| 205 | second argument \var{sep} is absent or \code{None}, the words are |
| 206 | separated by arbitrary strings of whitespace characters (space, tab, |
| 207 | newline, return, formfeed). If the second argument \var{sep} is |
| 208 | present and not \code{None}, it specifies a string to be used as the |
Fred Drake | a7ce52b0 | 1999-05-27 17:18:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 209 | word separator. The returned list will then have one more item |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 210 | than the number of non-overlapping occurrences of the separator in |
| 211 | the string. The optional third argument \var{maxsplit} defaults to |
| 212 | 0. If it is nonzero, at most \var{maxsplit} number of splits occur, |
| 213 | and the remainder of the string is returned as the final element of |
| 214 | the list (thus, the list will have at most \code{\var{maxsplit}+1} |
| 215 | elements). |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 216 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 217 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 218 | \begin{funcdesc}{splitfields}{s\optional{, sep\optional{, maxsplit}}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 219 | This function behaves identically to \function{split()}. (In the |
| 220 | past, \function{split()} was only used with one argument, while |
| 221 | \function{splitfields()} was only used with two arguments.) |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 222 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 223 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 224 | \begin{funcdesc}{join}{words\optional{, sep}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 225 | Concatenate a list or tuple of words with intervening occurrences of |
| 226 | \var{sep}. The default value for \var{sep} is a single space |
| 227 | character. It is always true that |
| 228 | \samp{string.join(string.split(\var{s}, \var{sep}), \var{sep})} |
| 229 | equals \var{s}. |
Guido van Rossum | e5e55d7 | 1996-08-09 21:44:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 230 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 231 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 232 | \begin{funcdesc}{joinfields}{words\optional{, sep}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 233 | This function behaves identical to \function{join()}. (In the past, |
| 234 | \function{join()} was only used with one argument, while |
| 235 | \function{joinfields()} was only used with two arguments.) |
Guido van Rossum | e5e55d7 | 1996-08-09 21:44:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 236 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 237 | |
| 238 | \begin{funcdesc}{lstrip}{s} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 239 | Return a copy of \var{s} but without leading whitespace characters. |
Guido van Rossum | e5e55d7 | 1996-08-09 21:44:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 240 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 241 | |
| 242 | \begin{funcdesc}{rstrip}{s} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 243 | Return a copy of \var{s} but without trailing whitespace |
| 244 | characters. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 245 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 246 | |
| 247 | \begin{funcdesc}{strip}{s} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 248 | Return a copy of \var{s} without leading or trailing whitespace. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 249 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 250 | |
| 251 | \begin{funcdesc}{swapcase}{s} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 252 | Return a copy of \var{s}, but with lower case letters |
| 253 | converted to upper case and vice versa. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 254 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 255 | |
Guido van Rossum | f4d0d57 | 1996-07-30 18:23:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 256 | \begin{funcdesc}{translate}{s, table\optional{, deletechars}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 257 | Delete all characters from \var{s} that are in \var{deletechars} (if |
| 258 | present), and then translate the characters using \var{table}, which |
| 259 | must be a 256-character string giving the translation for each |
| 260 | character value, indexed by its ordinal. |
Guido van Rossum | f65f278 | 1995-09-13 17:37:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 261 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 262 | |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 263 | \begin{funcdesc}{upper}{s} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 264 | Return a copy of \var{s}, but with lower case letters converted to |
| 265 | upper case. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 266 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 267 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 268 | \begin{funcdesc}{ljust}{s, width} |
| 269 | \funcline{rjust}{s, width} |
| 270 | \funcline{center}{s, width} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 271 | These functions respectively left-justify, right-justify and center |
| 272 | a string in a field of given width. They return a string that is at |
| 273 | least \var{width} characters wide, created by padding the string |
| 274 | \var{s} with spaces until the given width on the right, left or both |
| 275 | sides. The string is never truncated. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 276 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 277 | |
Fred Drake | cce1090 | 1998-03-17 06:33:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 278 | \begin{funcdesc}{zfill}{s, width} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 279 | Pad a numeric string on the left with zero digits until the given |
| 280 | width is reached. Strings starting with a sign are handled |
| 281 | correctly. |
Guido van Rossum | 5fdeeea | 1994-01-02 01:22:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 282 | \end{funcdesc} |
Guido van Rossum | 0bf4d89 | 1995-03-02 12:37:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 283 | |
Guido van Rossum | 740eb82 | 1997-04-02 05:56:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 284 | \begin{funcdesc}{replace}{str, old, new\optional{, maxsplit}} |
Fred Drake | e848976 | 1998-12-21 18:56:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 285 | Return a copy of string \var{str} with all occurrences of substring |
| 286 | \var{old} replaced by \var{new}. If the optional argument |
| 287 | \var{maxsplit} is given, the first \var{maxsplit} occurrences are |
| 288 | replaced. |
Guido van Rossum | c8a80cd | 1997-03-25 16:41:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 289 | \end{funcdesc} |