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Fred Drake295da241998-08-10 19:42:37 +00001\section{\module{operator} ---
2 Standard operators as functions.}
Fred Drakeb91e9341998-07-23 17:59:49 +00003\declaremodule{builtin}{operator}
Fred Drake295da241998-08-10 19:42:37 +00004\sectionauthor{Skip Montanaro}{skip@automatrix.com}
Fred Drakeb91e9341998-07-23 17:59:49 +00005
6\modulesynopsis{All Python's standard operators as built-in functions.}
7
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +00008
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +00009The \module{operator} module exports a set of functions implemented in C
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000010corresponding to the intrinsic operators of Python. For example,
Fred Drakef3e6df11997-12-29 17:11:55 +000011\code{operator.add(x, y)} is equivalent to the expression \code{x+y}. The
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000012function names are those used for special class methods; variants without
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000013leading and trailing \samp{__} are also provided for convenience.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000014
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000015The \module{operator} module defines the following functions:
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000016
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000017\begin{funcdesc}{add}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000018\funcline{__add__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000019Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000020\end{funcdesc}
21
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000022\begin{funcdesc}{sub}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000023\funcline{__sub__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000024Return \var{a} \code{-} \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000025\end{funcdesc}
26
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000027\begin{funcdesc}{mul}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000028\funcline{__mul__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000029Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000030\end{funcdesc}
31
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000032\begin{funcdesc}{div}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000033\funcline{__div__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000034Return \var{a} \code{/} \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000035\end{funcdesc}
36
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000037\begin{funcdesc}{mod}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000038\funcline{__mod__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000039Return \var{a} \code{\%} \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000040\end{funcdesc}
41
42\begin{funcdesc}{neg}{o}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000043\funcline{__neg__}{o}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000044Return \var{o} negated.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000045\end{funcdesc}
46
47\begin{funcdesc}{pos}{o}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000048\funcline{__pos__}{o}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000049Return \var{o} positive.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000050\end{funcdesc}
51
52\begin{funcdesc}{abs}{o}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000053\funcline{__abs__}{o}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000054Return the absolute value of \var{o}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000055\end{funcdesc}
56
57\begin{funcdesc}{inv}{o}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000058\funcline{__inv__}{o}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000059Return the inverse of \var{o}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000060\end{funcdesc}
61
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000062\begin{funcdesc}{lshift}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000063\funcline{__lshift__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000064Return \var{a} shifted left by \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000065\end{funcdesc}
66
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000067\begin{funcdesc}{rshift}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000068\funcline{__rshift__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000069Return \var{a} shifted right by \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000070\end{funcdesc}
71
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000072\begin{funcdesc}{and_}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000073\funcline{__and__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000074Return the bitwise and of \var{a} and \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000075\end{funcdesc}
76
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000077\begin{funcdesc}{or_}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000078\funcline{__or__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000079Return the bitwise or of \var{a} and \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000080\end{funcdesc}
81
Guido van Rossuma58e9ed1998-05-22 18:48:37 +000082\begin{funcdesc}{xor}{a, b}
83\funcline{__xor__}{a, b}
84Return the bitwise exclusive or of \var{a} and \var{b}.
85\end{funcdesc}
86
87\begin{funcdesc}{not_}{o}
88\funcline{__not__}{o}
89Return the outcome of \keyword{not} \var{o}.
90\end{funcdesc}
91
92\begin{funcdesc}{truth}{o}
Fred Drake295da241998-08-10 19:42:37 +000093Return \code{1} if \var{o} is true, and 0 otherwise.
Guido van Rossuma58e9ed1998-05-22 18:48:37 +000094\end{funcdesc}
95
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000096\begin{funcdesc}{concat}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000097\funcline{__concat__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000098Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b} for \var{a} and \var{b} sequences.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000099\end{funcdesc}
100
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000101\begin{funcdesc}{repeat}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000102\funcline{__repeat__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000103Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b} where \var{a} is a sequence and
104\var{b} is an integer.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000105\end{funcdesc}
106
Guido van Rossuma58e9ed1998-05-22 18:48:37 +0000107\begin{funcdesc}{contains}{a, b}
108\funcline{sequenceIncludes}{a, b}
109Return the outcome of the test \var{b} \code{in} \var{a}.
110Note the reversed operands.
111\end{funcdesc}
112
113\begin{funcdesc}{countOf}{a, b}
114Return the number of occurrences of \var{b} in \var{a}.
115\end{funcdesc}
116
117\begin{funcdesc}{indexOf}{a, b}
118Return the index of the first of occurrence of \var{b} in \var{a}.
119\end{funcdesc}
120
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000121\begin{funcdesc}{getitem}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000122\funcline{__getitem__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000123Return the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000124\end{funcdesc}
125
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000126\begin{funcdesc}{setitem}{a, b, c}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000127\funcline{__setitem__}{a, b, c}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000128Set the value of \var{a} at index \var{b} to \var{c}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000129\end{funcdesc}
130
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000131\begin{funcdesc}{delitem}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000132\funcline{__delitem__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000133Remove the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000134\end{funcdesc}
135
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000136\begin{funcdesc}{getslice}{a, b, c}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000137\funcline{__getslice__}{a, b, c}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000138Return the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000139\end{funcdesc}
140
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000141\begin{funcdesc}{setslice}{a, b, c, v}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000142\funcline{__setslice__}{a, b, c, v}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000143Set the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1} to the
144sequence \var{v}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000145\end{funcdesc}
146
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000147\begin{funcdesc}{delslice}{a, b, c}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000148\funcline{__delslice__}{a, b, c}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000149Delete the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000150\end{funcdesc}
151
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000152
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000153Example: Build a dictionary that maps the ordinals from \code{0} to
154\code{256} to their character equivalents.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000155
Fred Drake19479911998-02-13 06:58:54 +0000156\begin{verbatim}
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000157>>> import operator
158>>> d = {}
159>>> keys = range(256)
160>>> vals = map(chr, keys)
161>>> map(operator.setitem, [d]*len(keys), keys, vals)
Fred Drake19479911998-02-13 06:58:54 +0000162\end{verbatim}