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Guido van Rossumf1226882002-12-31 01:50:07 +00001This is Python version 2.3 alpha 1
2==================================
Guido van Rossum91447632000-04-11 17:11:09 +00003
Guido van Rossumf1226882002-12-31 01:50:07 +00004Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003 Python Software Foundation.
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +00005All rights reserved.
6
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00007Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com.
8All rights reserved.
9
Guido van Rossum23f7aed2001-04-12 20:53:31 +000010Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives.
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +000011All rights reserved.
12
Guido van Rossum6ebd2992000-09-03 04:47:47 +000013Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum.
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +000014All rights reserved.
15
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +000016
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +000017License information
18-------------------
19
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +000020See the file "LICENSE" for information on the history of this
21software, terms & conditions for usage, and a DISCLAIMER OF ALL
22WARRANTIES.
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +000023
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +000024This Python distribution contains no GNU General Public Licensed
25(GPLed) code so it may be used in proprietary projects just like prior
26Python distributions. There are interfaces to some GNU code but these
27are entirely optional.
28
29All trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective
30holders.
Guido van Rossum79808261997-12-11 18:01:47 +000031
32
Guido van Rossum8d7d4ed1996-07-30 21:41:07 +000033What's new in this release?
34---------------------------
Guido van Rossum3ff96dd1996-07-30 18:05:04 +000035
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +000036See the file "Misc/NEWS".
Guido van Rossum64773801997-11-26 17:07:02 +000037
38If you don't read instructions
39------------------------------
40
41Congratulations on getting this far. :-)
42
43To start building right away (on UNIX): type "./configure" in the
Guido van Rossum2dcec0c2002-02-04 01:59:23 +000044current directory and when it finishes, type "make". This creates an
45executable "./python"; to install in /usr/local, first do "su root"
46and then "make install".
47
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +000048The section `Build instructions' below is still recommended reading,
Guido van Rossum2dcec0c2002-02-04 01:59:23 +000049especially the part on customizing Modules/Setup.
Guido van Rossum3ff96dd1996-07-30 18:05:04 +000050
51
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +000052What is Python anyway?
53----------------------
54
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +000055Python is an interpreted object-oriented programming language suitable
56(amongst other uses) for distributed application development,
57scripting, numeric computing and system testing. Python is often
58compared to Tcl, Perl, Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic or Scheme. To
59find out more about what Python can do for you, point your browser to
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +000060http://www.python.org/.
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +000061
62
Guido van Rossumf501b4e1996-10-25 14:32:48 +000063How do I learn Python?
64----------------------
65
Fred Drake0e6444c1999-05-17 19:35:01 +000066The official tutorial is still a good place to start; see
Guido van Rossumd0a42e22000-03-31 20:16:45 +000067http://www.python.org/doc/ for online and downloadable versions, as
68well as a list of other introductions, and reference documentation.
Guido van Rossumf501b4e1996-10-25 14:32:48 +000069
Guido van Rossumd0a42e22000-03-31 20:16:45 +000070There's a quickly growing set of books on Python. See
71http://www.python.org/psa/bookstore/ for a list.
Guido van Rossum8d90f9d1997-05-22 20:13:25 +000072
Guido van Rossumf501b4e1996-10-25 14:32:48 +000073
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +000074Documentation
75-------------
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +000076
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +000077All documentation is provided online in a variety of formats. In
78order of importance for new users: Tutorial, Library Reference,
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +000079Language Reference, Extending & Embedding, and the Python/C API. The
80Library Reference is especially of immense value since much of
81Python's power is described there, including the built-in data types
82and functions!
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +000083
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +000084All documentation is also available online at the Python web site
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +000085(http://www.python.org/doc/, see below). It is available online for
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +000086occasional reference, or can be downloaded in many formats for faster
Fred Drake6caae142000-10-25 17:51:02 +000087access. The documentation is available in HTML, PostScript, PDF, and
88LaTeX formats; the LaTeX version is primarily for documentation
89authors, translators, and people with special formatting requirements.
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +000090
Michael W. Hudsonbe6e0f42002-06-23 16:29:36 +000091The best documentation for the new (in Python 2.2) type/class
92unification features is Guido's tutorial introduction, at
Barry Warsaw06557452001-12-14 20:47:12 +000093
Guido van Rossum1c63a592002-07-09 18:44:09 +000094 http://www.python.org/2.2.1/descrintro.html
Barry Warsaw06557452001-12-14 20:47:12 +000095
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +000096
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +000097Web sites
98---------
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +000099
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000100New Python releases and related technologies are published at
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +0000101http://www.python.org/. Come visit us!
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000102
Michael W. Hudsonbe6e0f42002-06-23 16:29:36 +0000103There's also a Python community web site at
104http://starship.python.net/.
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000105
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000106
107Newsgroups and Mailing Lists
108----------------------------
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000109
110Read comp.lang.python, a high-volume discussion newsgroup about
111Python, or comp.lang.python.announce, a low-volume moderated newsgroup
112for Python-related announcements. These are also accessible as
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000113mailing lists: see http://www.python.org/psa/MailingLists.html for an
114overview of the many Python-related mailing lists.
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000115
Michael W. Hudsonbe6e0f42002-06-23 16:29:36 +0000116Archives are accessible via the Google Groups usenet archive; see
117http://groups.google.com/. The mailing lists are also archived, see
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000118http://www.python.org/psa/MailingLists.html for details.
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000119
120
121Bug reports
122-----------
123
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000124To report or search for bugs, please use the Python Bug
125Tracker at http://sourceforge.net/bugs/?group_id=5470.
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000126
127
128Patches and contributions
129-------------------------
130
Fred Drake6caae142000-10-25 17:51:02 +0000131To submit a patch or other contribution, please use the Python Patch
132Manager at http://sourceforge.net/patch/?group_id=5470. Guidelines
133for patch submission may be found at http://www.python.org/patches/.
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000134
135If you have a proposal to change Python, it's best to submit a Python
136Enhancement Proposal (PEP) first. All current PEPs, as well as
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000137guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are list at
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000138http://python.sourceforge.net/peps/.
139
140
141Questions
142---------
143
144For help, if you can't find it in the manuals or on the web site, it's
145best to post to the comp.lang.python or the Python mailing list (see
146above). If you specifically don't want to involve the newsgroup or
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +0000147mailing list, send questions to help@python.org (a group of volunteers
148who answer questions as they can). The newsgroup is the most
149efficient way to ask public questions.
Guido van Rossum627b2d71993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000150
Guido van Rossum901454e2000-06-29 22:28:44 +0000151
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000152Build instructions
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000153==================
Guido van Rossum627b2d71993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000154
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +0000155Before you can build Python, you must first configure it.
156Fortunately, the configuration and build process has been automated
157for Unix and Linux installations, so all you usually have to do is
158type a few commands and sit back. There are some platforms where
159things are not quite as smooth; see the platform specific notes below.
160If you want to build for multiple platforms sharing the same source
161tree, see the section on VPATH below.
Guido van Rossum627b2d71993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000162
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +0000163Start by running the script "./configure", which determines your
164system configuration and creates the Makefile. (It takes a minute or
165two -- please be patient!) You may want to pass options to the
166configure script -- see the section below on configuration options and
167variables. When it's done, you are ready to run make.
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000168
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +0000169To build Python, you normally type "make" in the toplevel directory.
170If you have changed the configuration, the Makefile may have to be
171rebuilt. In this case you may have to run make again to correctly
172build your desired target. The interpreter executable is built in the
173top level directory.
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000174
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000175Once you have built a Python interpreter, see the subsections below on
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +0000176testing and installation. If you run into trouble, see the next
177section.
178
179Previous versions of Python used a manual configuration process that
180involved editing the file Modules/Setup. While this file still exists
181and manual configuration is still supported, it is rarely needed any
182more: almost all modules are automatically built as appropriate under
183guidance of the setup.py script, which is run by Make after the
184interpreter has been built.
Guido van Rossum627b2d71993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000185
Guido van Rossum0a516c91994-09-12 10:58:40 +0000186
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000187Troubleshooting
188---------------
Guido van Rossum627b2d71993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000189
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000190See also the platform specific notes in the next section.
191
Guido van Rossum49523691997-08-15 18:30:14 +0000192If you run into other trouble, see section 3 of the FAQ
Guido van Rossum901454e2000-06-29 22:28:44 +0000193(http://www.python.org/cgi-bin/faqw.py or
Guido van Rossum49523691997-08-15 18:30:14 +0000194http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html) for hints on what can go wrong,
195and how to fix it.
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000196
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000197If you rerun the configure script with different options, remove all
198object files by running "make clean" before rebuilding. Believe it or
199not, "make clean" sometimes helps to clean up other inexplicable
200problems as well. Try it before sending in a bug report!
201
Guido van Rossumd0fe8451996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000202If the configure script fails or doesn't seem to find things that
Guido van Rossumc0be2f51997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000203should be there, inspect the config.log file. When you fix a
204configure problem, be sure to remove config.cache!
205
206If you get a warning for every file about the -Olimit option being no
207longer supported, you can ignore it. There's no foolproof way to know
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000208whether this option is needed; all we can do is test whether it is
Guido van Rossumc0be2f51997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000209accepted without error. On some systems, e.g. older SGI compilers, it
210is essential for performance (specifically when compiling ceval.c,
211which has more basic blocks than the default limit of 1000). If the
212warning bothers you, edit the Makefile to remove "-Olimit 1500" from
213the OPT variable.
Guido van Rossumd0fe8451996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000214
Guido van Rossum7ac11532000-08-29 21:36:40 +0000215If you get failures in test_long, or sys.maxint gets set to -1, you
216are probably experiencing compiler bugs, usually related to
Martin v. Löwis9cea5f52002-11-15 07:28:05 +0000217optimization. This is a common problem with some versions of gcc, and
218some vendor-supplied compilers, which can sometimes be worked around
219by turning off optimization. Consider switching to stable versions
220(gcc 2.95.2, or contact your vendor.)
Guido van Rossum7ac11532000-08-29 21:36:40 +0000221
222From Python 2.0 onward, all Python C code is ANSI C. Compiling using
223old K&R-C-only compilers is no longer possible. ANSI C compilers are
224available for all modern systems, either in the form of updated
Martin v. Löwis9cea5f52002-11-15 07:28:05 +0000225compilers from the vendor, or one of the free compilers (gcc).
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000226
Martin v. Löwis779ffc02002-12-02 22:17:01 +0000227Unsupported systems
228-------------------
229
230A number of features are not supported in Python 2.3 anymore. Some
231support code is still present, but will be removed in Python 2.4.
232If you still need to use current Python versions on these systems,
233please send a message to python-dev@python.org indicating that you
234volunteer to support this system.
235
236More specifically, the following systems are not supported any
237longer:
238- SunOS 4
239- DYNIX
240- dgux
241- Minix
242- Irix 4 and --with-sgi-dl
243- Linux 1
244- Systems defining __d6_pthread_create (configure.in)
245- Systems defining PY_PTHREAD_D4, PY_PTHREAD_D6,
246 or PY_PTHREAD_D7 in thread_pthread.h
247- Systems using --with-dl-dld
Martin v. Löwis7e4cfcb2002-12-19 16:21:49 +0000248- Systems using --without-universal-newlines
Martin v. Löwis779ffc02002-12-02 22:17:01 +0000249
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000250Platform specific notes
251-----------------------
252
Guido van Rossum0447a321995-10-08 01:22:33 +0000253(Some of these may no longer apply. If you find you can build Python
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +0000254on these platforms without the special directions mentioned here,
255submit a documentation bug report to SourceForge (see Bug Reports
256above) so we can remove them!)
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000257
Guido van Rossumc0be2f51997-10-08 05:05:28 +000025864-bit platforms: The modules audioop, imageop and rgbimg don't work.
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +0000259 The setup.py script disables them on 64-bit installations.
Guido van Rossumc0be2f51997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000260 Don't try to enable them in the Modules/Setup file. They
261 contain code that is quite wordsize sensitive. (If you have a
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000262 fix, let us know!)
Guido van Rossumc0be2f51997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000263
Guido van Rossum4462e931997-01-22 21:00:32 +0000264Solaris: When using Sun's C compiler with threads, at least on Solaris
265 2.5.1, you need to add the "-mt" compiler option (the simplest
266 way is probably to specify the compiler with this option as
267 the "CC" environment variable when running the configure
268 script).
269
Guido van Rossum42992312002-09-23 14:02:18 +0000270 When using GCC on Solaris, beware of binutils 2.13 or GCC
271 versions built using it. This mistakenly enables the
272 -zcombreloc option which creates broken shared libraries on
273 Solaris. binutils 2.12 works, and the binutils maintainers
Skip Montanaro4de9cba2003-01-03 16:26:23 +0000274 are aware of the problem. Binutils 2.13.1 only partially
275 fixed things. It appears that 2.13.2 solves the problem
276 completely. This problem is known to occur with Solaris 2.7
277 and 2.8, but may also affect earlier and later versions of the
278 OS.
Guido van Rossum42992312002-09-23 14:02:18 +0000279
Martin v. Löwis9cea5f52002-11-15 07:28:05 +0000280 When the dynamic loader complains about errors finding shared
281 libraries, such as
282
283 ld.so.1: ./python: fatal: libstdc++.so.5: open failed:
284 No such file or directory
285
286 you need to first make sure that the library is available on
287 your system. Then, you need to instruct the dynamic loader how
288 to find it. You can chose any of the following strategies:
289
290 1. When compiling Python, set LD_RUN_PATH to the directories
291 containing missing libraries.
292 2. When running Python, set LD_LIBRARY_PATH to these directories.
293 3. Use crle(8) to extend the search path of the loader.
294 4. Modify the installed GCC specs file, adding -R options into the
295 *link: section.
296
Guido van Rossum7ac11532000-08-29 21:36:40 +0000297Linux: A problem with threads and fork() was tracked down to a bug in
298 the pthreads code in glibc version 2.0.5; glibc version 2.0.7
299 solves the problem. This causes the popen2 test to fail;
300 problem and solution reported by Pablo Bleyer.
Guido van Rossum4462e931997-01-22 21:00:32 +0000301
Guido van Rossum7ac11532000-08-29 21:36:40 +0000302 Under Linux systems using GNU libc 2 (aka libc6), the crypt
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +0000303 module now needs the -lcrypt option. The setup.py script
304 takes care of this automatically.
Fred Drake61280911997-12-08 14:10:40 +0000305
Guido van Rossum2dcec0c2002-02-04 01:59:23 +0000306Red Hat Linux: There's an executable /usr/bin/python which is Python
307 1.5.2 on most Red Hat installations; several key Red Hat tools
308 require this version. Python 2.1.x may be installed as
309 /usr/bin/python2. The Makefile installs Python as
310 /usr/local/bin/python, which may or may not take precedence
311 over /usr/bin/python, depending on how you have set up $PATH.
312
Guido van Rossum59230501999-06-21 20:51:46 +0000313FreeBSD 3.x and probably platforms with NCurses that use libmytinfo or
314 similar: When using cursesmodule, the linking is not done in
315 the correct order with the defaults. Remove "-ltermcap" from
316 the readline entry in Setup, and use as curses entry: "curses
317 cursesmodule.c -lmytinfo -lncurses -ltermcap" - "mytinfo" (so
318 called on FreeBSD) should be the name of the auxiliary library
319 required on your platform. Normally, it would be linked
320 automatically, but not necessarily in the correct order.
321
Guido van Rossum7ac11532000-08-29 21:36:40 +0000322BSDI: BSDI versions before 4.1 have known problems with threads,
323 which can cause strange errors in a number of modules (for
324 instance, the 'test_signal' test script will hang forever.)
325 Turning off threads (with --with-threads=no) or upgrading to
326 BSDI 4.1 solves this problem.
327
328DEC Unix: Run configure with --with-dec-threads, or with
329 --with-threads=no if no threads are desired (threads are on by
330 default). When using GCC, it is possible to get an internal
331 compiler error if optimization is used. This was reported for
332 GCC 2.7.2.3 on selectmodule.c. Manually compile the affected
333 file without optimization to solve the problem.
Guido van Rossum8eca2c21996-02-14 18:37:46 +0000334
Guido van Rossume1cdb161999-04-10 16:04:07 +0000335DEC Ultrix: compile with GCC to avoid bugs in the native compiler,
336 and pass SHELL=/bin/sh5 to Make when installing.
337
Guido van Rossumd0fe8451996-08-26 03:02:37 +0000338AIX: A complete overhaul of the shared library support is now in
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000339 place. See Misc/AIX-NOTES for some notes on how it's done.
Guido van Rossum9ac9a261998-02-16 22:19:21 +0000340 (The optimizer bug reported at this place in previous releases
Thomas Wouters8ee06142001-02-15 11:45:29 +0000341 has been worked around by a minimal code change.) If you get
Fred Drake59518b02002-05-11 03:36:26 +0000342 errors about pthread_* functions, during compile or during
Thomas Wouters8ee06142001-02-15 11:45:29 +0000343 testing, try setting CC to a thread-safe (reentrant) compiler,
344 like "cc_r". For full C++ module support, set CC="xlC_r" (or
345 CC="xlC" without thread support).
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000346
Guido van Rossum59a88f41999-04-12 18:16:09 +0000347HP-UX: Please read the file Misc/HPUX-NOTES for shared libraries.
348 When using threading, you may have to add -D_REENTRANT to the
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000349 OPT variable in the top-level Makefile; reported by Pat Knight,
Guido van Rossum59a88f41999-04-12 18:16:09 +0000350 this seems to make a difference (at least for HP-UX 10.20)
Fred Drake146f61d2002-11-04 20:49:45 +0000351 even though pyconfig.h defines it.
Guido van Rossum2094e041998-05-14 15:47:35 +0000352
Guido van Rossum4e1dd7d2002-04-23 13:06:07 +0000353HP PA-RISC 2.0: A recent bug report (http://www.python.org/sf/546117)
354 suggests that the C compiler in this 64-bit system has bugs
355 in the optimizer that break Python. Compiling without
356 optimization solves the problems.
357
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000358SCO: The following apply to SCO 3 only; Python builds out of the box
359 on SCO 5 (or so we've heard).
Guido van Rossuma16e2751998-04-13 20:14:05 +0000360
361 1) Everything works much better if you add -U__STDC__ to the
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000362 defs. This is because all the SCO header files are broken.
Guido van Rossum64773801997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000363 Anything that isn't mentioned in the C standard is
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000364 conditionally excluded when __STDC__ is defined.
365
366 2) Due to the U.S. export restrictions, SCO broke the crypt
367 stuff out into a separate library, libcrypt_i.a so the LIBS
368 needed be set to:
369
370 LIBS=' -lsocket -lcrypt_i'
371
Martin v. Löwis387c5472001-09-06 08:16:17 +0000372UnixWare: There are known bugs in the math library of the system, as well as
373 problems in the handling of threads (calling fork in one
374 thread may interrupt system calls in others). Therefore, test_math and
375 tests involving threads will fail until those problems are fixed.
376
Guido van Rossum7ac11532000-08-29 21:36:40 +0000377SunOS 4.x: When using the SunPro C compiler, you may want to use the
Guido van Rossum64773801997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000378 '-Xa' option instead of '-Xc', to enable some needed non-ANSI
379 Sunisms.
Martin v. Löwis779ffc02002-12-02 22:17:01 +0000380 THIS SYSTEM IS NO LONGER SUPPORTED.
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000381
Jack Jansena39ef862001-08-19 21:17:03 +0000382NeXT: Not supported anymore. Start with the MacOSX/Darwin code if you
383 want to revive it.
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000384
Guido van Rossumb7f454d1997-12-02 19:44:31 +0000385QNX: Chris Herborth (chrish@qnx.com) writes:
386 configure works best if you use GNU bash; a port is available on
387 ftp.qnx.com in /usr/free. I used the following process to build,
Guido van Rossumd4493421998-12-22 16:37:01 +0000388 test and install Python 1.5.x under QNX:
Guido van Rossumb7f454d1997-12-02 19:44:31 +0000389
Guido van Rossumec95c7b1998-08-04 17:59:56 +0000390 1) CONFIG_SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash CC=cc RANLIB=: \
391 ./configure --verbose --without-gcc --with-libm=""
Guido van Rossumb7f454d1997-12-02 19:44:31 +0000392
Fred Drake80078492000-10-26 17:13:19 +0000393 2) edit Modules/Setup to activate everything that makes sense for
394 your system... tested here at QNX with the following modules:
Guido van Rossumb7f454d1997-12-02 19:44:31 +0000395
Guido van Rossum6fa49e21998-08-11 17:31:39 +0000396 array, audioop, binascii, cPickle, cStringIO, cmath,
397 crypt, curses, errno, fcntl, gdbm, grp, imageop,
398 _locale, math, md5, new, operator, parser, pcre,
399 posix, pwd, readline, regex, reop, rgbimg, rotor,
400 select, signal, socket, soundex, strop, struct,
Guido van Rossumd4493421998-12-22 16:37:01 +0000401 syslog, termios, time, timing, zlib, audioop, imageop, rgbimg
Guido van Rossumb7f454d1997-12-02 19:44:31 +0000402
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000403 3) make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash
404
Guido van Rossumec95c7b1998-08-04 17:59:56 +0000405 or, if you feel the need for speed:
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000406
Guido van Rossumec95c7b1998-08-04 17:59:56 +0000407 make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash OPT="-5 -Oil+nrt"
Guido van Rossumb7f454d1997-12-02 19:44:31 +0000408
Guido van Rossumec95c7b1998-08-04 17:59:56 +0000409 4) make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash test
410
Guido van Rossum6fa49e21998-08-11 17:31:39 +0000411 Using GNU readline 2.2 seems to behave strangely, but I
412 think that's a problem with my readline 2.2 port. :-\
Guido van Rossumec95c7b1998-08-04 17:59:56 +0000413
414 5) make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash install
Guido van Rossumb7f454d1997-12-02 19:44:31 +0000415
Guido van Rossum6fa49e21998-08-11 17:31:39 +0000416 If you get SIGSEGVs while running Python (I haven't yet, but
417 I've only run small programs and the test cases), you're
418 probably running out of stack; the default 32k could be a
419 little tight. To increase the stack size, edit the Makefile
Neil Schemenauer73f8ab22001-01-26 22:18:55 +0000420 to read: LDFLAGS = -N 48k
Guido van Rossum40d63581997-08-14 19:45:30 +0000421
Guido van Rossumec95c7b1998-08-04 17:59:56 +0000422BeOS: Chris Herborth (chrish@qnx.com) writes:
423 See BeOS/README for notes about compiling/installing Python on
Guido van Rossum6fa49e21998-08-11 17:31:39 +0000424 BeOS R3 or later. Note that only the PowerPC platform is
Guido van Rossumd4493421998-12-22 16:37:01 +0000425 supported for R3; both PowerPC and x86 are supported for R4.
Guido van Rossumec95c7b1998-08-04 17:59:56 +0000426
Michael W. Hudson33876f52002-07-31 09:55:25 +0000427Cray T3E: Mark Hadfield (m.hadfield@niwa.co.nz) writes:
428 Python can be built satisfactorily on a Cray T3E but based on
429 my experience with the NIWA T3E (2002-05-22, version 2.2.1)
430 there are a few bugs and gotchas. For more information see a
431 thread on comp.lang.python in May 2002 entitled "Building
432 Python on Cray T3E".
433
434 1) Use Cray's cc and not gcc. The latter was reported not to
435 work by Konrad Hinsen. It may work now, but it may not.
436
437 2) To set sys.platform to something sensible, pass the
438 following environment variable to the configure script:
439
440 MACHDEP=unicosmk
441
442 2) Run configure with option "--enable-unicode=ucs4".
443
444 3) The Cray T3E does not support dynamic linking, so extension
445 modules have to be built by adding (or uncommenting) lines
446 in Modules/Setup. The minimum set of modules is
447
448 posix, new, _sre, unicodedata
449
450 On NIWA's vanilla T3E system the following have also been
451 included successfully:
452
453 _codecs, _locale, _socket, _symtable, _testcapi, _weakref
454 array, binascii, cmath, cPickle, crypt, cStringIO, dbm
455 errno, fcntl, grp, math, md5, operator, parser, pcre, pwd
456 regex, rotor, select, struct, strop, syslog, termios
457 time, timing, xreadlines
458
459 4) Once the python executable and library have been built, make
460 will execute setup.py, which will attempt to build remaining
461 extensions and link them dynamically. Each of these attempts
462 will fail but should not halt the make process. This is
463 normal.
464
465 5) Running "make test" uses a lot of resources and causes
466 problems on our system. You might want to try running tests
467 singly or in small groups.
Guido van Rossum1bf0bf41997-08-20 23:50:51 +0000468
Guido van Rossum0078aaf1997-08-21 03:05:11 +0000469SGI: SGI's standard "make" utility (/bin/make or /usr/bin/make)
470 does not check whether a command actually changed the file it
471 is supposed to build. This means that whenever you say "make"
472 it will redo the link step. The remedy is to use SGI's much
Guido van Rossum7be8ca02001-04-14 13:09:53 +0000473 smarter "smake" utility (/usr/sbin/smake), or GNU make. If
Guido van Rossumc0be2f51997-10-08 05:05:28 +0000474 you set the first line of the Makefile to #!/usr/sbin/smake
475 smake will be invoked by make (likewise for GNU make).
Guido van Rossum0078aaf1997-08-21 03:05:11 +0000476
Guido van Rossum7be8ca02001-04-14 13:09:53 +0000477 WARNING: There are bugs in the optimizer of some versions of
478 SGI's compilers that can cause bus errors or other strange
479 behavior, especially on numerical operations. To avoid this,
480 try building with "make OPT=".
Fred Drake0b5fb2b2000-09-29 17:45:05 +0000481
Guido van Rossum64773801997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000482OS/2: If you are running Warp3 or Warp4 and have IBM's VisualAge C/C++
483 compiler installed, just change into the pc\os2vacpp directory
484 and type NMAKE. Threading and sockets are supported by default
485 in the resulting binaries of PYTHON15.DLL and PYTHON.EXE.
486
Fred Drake36ed5602000-10-06 01:58:48 +0000487Monterey (64-bit AIX): The current Monterey C compiler (Visual Age)
488 uses the OBJECT_MODE={32|64} environment variable to set the
489 compilation mode to either 32-bit or 64-bit (32-bit mode is
490 the default). Presumably you want 64-bit compilation mode for
491 this 64-bit OS. As a result you must first set OBJECT_MODE=64
492 in your environment before configuring (./configure) or
493 building (make) Python on Monterey.
494
495Reliant UNIX: The thread support does not compile on Reliant UNIX, and
496 there is a (minor) problem in the configure script for that
497 platform as well. This should be resolved in time for a
498 future release.
Trent Mick635f6fb2000-08-23 21:33:05 +0000499
Barry Warsaw6a8557d2002-10-14 18:04:39 +0000500MacOSX: The tests will crash on both 10.1 and 10.2 with SEGV in
Barry Warsaw6e753642002-10-14 18:15:35 +0000501 test_re and test_sre due to the small default stack size. If
502 you set the stack size to 2048 before doing a "make test" the
503 failure can be avoided. If you're using the tcsh (the default
504 on OSX), or csh shells use "limit stacksize 2048" and for the
505 bash shell, use "ulimit -s 2048".
Barry Warsaw06557452001-12-14 20:47:12 +0000506
Jack Jansen6a77cf12001-12-06 21:49:02 +0000507 On naked Darwin you may want to add the configure option
Jack Jansen4c398fd2001-10-08 13:21:15 +0000508 "--disable-toolbox-glue" to disable the glue code for the Carbon
Jack Jansen6a77cf12001-12-06 21:49:02 +0000509 interface modules. The modules themselves are currently only built
510 if you add the --enable-framework option, see below.
Barry Warsaw06557452001-12-14 20:47:12 +0000511
512 On a clean OSX /usr/local does not exist. Do a
Jack Jansen61fec302002-01-04 15:59:57 +0000513 "sudo mkdir -m 775 /usr/local"
Jack Jansen84a01642002-08-04 21:19:55 +0000514 before you do a make install. It is probably not a good idea to
515 do "sudo make install" which installs everything as superuser,
516 as this may later cause problems when installing distutils-based
517 additions.
518
519 Some people have reported problems building Python after using "fink"
520 to install additional unix software. Disabling fink (remove all references
521 to /sw from your .profile or .login) should solve this.
Barry Warsaw06557452001-12-14 20:47:12 +0000522
523 You may want to try the configure option "--enable-framework"
524 which installs Python as a framework. The location can be set
525 as argument to the --enable-framework option (default
Jack Jansen84a01642002-08-04 21:19:55 +0000526 /Library/Frameworks). A framework install is probably needed if you
527 want to use any Aqua-based GUI toolkit (whether Tkinter, wxPython,
528 Carbon, Cocoa or anything else).
529
530 See Mac/OSX/README for more information on framework builds.
Fred Drakedabed752001-02-01 19:41:13 +0000531
Michael W. Hudson1c4523f2001-12-19 19:49:58 +0000532Cygwin: With recent (relative to the time of writing, 2001-12-19)
533 Cygwin installations, there are problems with the interaction
534 of dynamic linking and fork(). This manifests itself in build
535 failures during the execution of setup.py.
Tim Peters42fc7cc2001-04-04 18:35:19 +0000536
Michael W. Hudson1c4523f2001-12-19 19:49:58 +0000537 There are two workarounds that both enable Python (albeit
538 without threading support) to build and pass all tests on
539 NT/2000 (and most likely XP as well, though reports of testing
540 on XP would be appreciated).
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000541
Michael W. Hudson1c4523f2001-12-19 19:49:58 +0000542 The workarounds:
543
544 (a) the band-aid fix is to link the _socket module statically
545 rather than dynamically (which is the default).
546
547 To do this, run "./configure --with-threads=no" including any
548 other options you need (--prefix, etc.). Then in Modules/Setup
549 uncomment the lines:
Tim Peters42fc7cc2001-04-04 18:35:19 +0000550
Michael W. Hudsonbe5ce182001-12-12 11:46:52 +0000551 #SSL=/usr/local/ssl
552 #_socket socketmodule.c \
553 # -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
554 # -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000555
Michael W. Hudson1c4523f2001-12-19 19:49:58 +0000556 and remove "local/" from the SSL variable. Finally, just run
557 "make"!
Tim Peters42fc7cc2001-04-04 18:35:19 +0000558
Michael W. Hudsonb6554642001-12-19 22:09:09 +0000559 (b) The "proper" fix is to rebase the Cygwin DLLs to prevent
Michael W. Hudson1c4523f2001-12-19 19:49:58 +0000560 base address conflicts. Details on how to do this can be
561 found in the following mail:
562
563 http://sources.redhat.com/ml/cygwin/2001-12/msg00894.html
564
565 It is hoped that a version of this solution will be
Michael W. Hudsonb6554642001-12-19 22:09:09 +0000566 incorporated into the Cygwin distribution fairly soon.
Michael W. Hudson1c4523f2001-12-19 19:49:58 +0000567
568 Two additional problems:
569
570 (1) Threading support should still be disabled due to a known
571 bug in Cygwin pthreads that causes test_threadedtempfile to
572 hang.
573
Neal Norwitz4ebde092001-12-19 20:44:13 +0000574 (2) The _curses module does not build. This is a known
Michael W. Hudson1c4523f2001-12-19 19:49:58 +0000575 Cygwin ncurses problem that should be resolved the next time
576 that this package is released.
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000577
Michael W. Hudsonbe5ce182001-12-12 11:46:52 +0000578 On older versions of Cygwin, test_poll may hang and test_strftime
579 may fail.
Tim Peters42fc7cc2001-04-04 18:35:19 +0000580
Michael W. Hudson1c4523f2001-12-19 19:49:58 +0000581 The situation on 9X/Me is not accurately known at present.
582 Some time ago, there were reports that the following
583 regression tests failed:
Tim Peters42fc7cc2001-04-04 18:35:19 +0000584
585 test_pwd
586 test_select (hang)
587 test_socket
588
Michael W. Hudson1c4523f2001-12-19 19:49:58 +0000589 Due to the test_select hang on 9X/Me, one should run the
590 regression test using the following:
Tim Peters42fc7cc2001-04-04 18:35:19 +0000591
Michael W. Hudsonbe5ce182001-12-12 11:46:52 +0000592 make TESTOPTS='-l -x test_select' test
Tim Peters42fc7cc2001-04-04 18:35:19 +0000593
Michael W. Hudson1c4523f2001-12-19 19:49:58 +0000594 News regarding these platforms with more recent Cygwin
595 versions would be appreciated!
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000596
Skip Montanaro56d83012003-01-04 04:05:51 +0000597AtheOS: From Octavian Cerna <tavy at ylabs.com>:
598
599 Before building:
600
601 Make sure you have shared versions of the libraries you
602 want to use with Python. You will have to compile them
603 yourself, or download precompiled packages.
604
605 Recommended libraries:
606
607 ncurses-4.2
608 readline-4.2a
609 zlib-1.1.4
610
611 Build:
612
613 $ ./configure --prefix=/usr/python
614 $ make
615
616 Python is always built as a shared library, otherwise
617 dynamic loading would not work.
618
619 Testing:
620
621 $ make test
622
623 Install:
624
625 # make install
626 # pkgmanager -a /usr/python
627
628
629 AtheOS issues:
630
631 - large file support: due to a stdio bug in glibc/libio,
632 access to large files may not work correctly. fseeko()
633 tries to seek to a negative offset. ftello() returns a
634 negative offset, it looks like a 32->64bit
635 sign-extension issue. The lowlevel functions (open,
636 lseek, etc) are OK.
637 - sockets: AF_UNIX is defined in the C library and in
638 Python, but not implemented in the system.
639 - select: poll is available in the C library, but does not
640 work (It does not return POLLNVAL for bad fds and
641 hangs).
642 - posix: statvfs and fstatvfs always return ENOSYS.
643 - disabled modules:
644 - mmap: not yet implemented in AtheOS
645 - nis: broken (on an unconfigured system
646 yp_get_default_domain() returns junk instead of
647 error)
648 - dl: dynamic loading doesn't work via dlopen()
649 - resource: getrimit and setrlimit are not yet
650 implemented
651
652 - if you are getting segmentation faults, you probably are
653 low on memory. AtheOS doesn't handle very well an
654 out-of-memory condition and simply SEGVs the process.
655
656 Tested on:
657
658 AtheOS-0.3.7
659 gcc-2.95
660 binutils-2.10
661 make-3.78
662
663
Skip Montanaro57454e52002-06-14 20:30:31 +0000664Configuring the bsddb and dbm modules
665-------------------------------------
666
Skip Montanaro56d83012003-01-04 04:05:51 +0000667Beginning with Python version 2.3, the PyBsddb package
668<http://pybsddb.sf.net/> was adopted into Python as the bsddb package,
669exposing a set of package-level functions which provide
670backwards-compatible behavior. Only versions 3.1 through 4.1 of
671Sleepycat's libraries provide the necessary API, so older versions
672aren't supported through this interface. The old bsddb module has
673been retained as bsddb185, though it is not built by default. Users
674wishing to use it will have to tweak Modules/Setup to build it. The
675dbm module will still be built against the Sleepycat libraries if
676other preferred alternatives (ndbm, gdbm) are not found, though
677versions of the Sleepycat library prior to 3.1 are not considered.
Guido van Rossum62d45c02002-12-02 15:49:13 +0000678
Skip Montanaro57454e52002-06-14 20:30:31 +0000679
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000680Configuring threads
681-------------------
682
Guido van Rossum7ac11532000-08-29 21:36:40 +0000683As of Python 2.0, threads are enabled by default. If you wish to
684compile without threads, or if your thread support is broken, pass the
685--with-threads=no switch to configure. Unfortunately, on some
686platforms, additional compiler and/or linker options are required for
687threads to work properly. Below is a table of those options,
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000688collected by Bill Janssen. We would love to automate this process
Guido van Rossum7ac11532000-08-29 21:36:40 +0000689more, but the information below is not enough to write a patch for the
690configure.in file, so manual intervention is required. If you patch
691the configure.in file and are confident that the patch works, please
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000692send in the patch. (Don't bother patching the configure script itself
Guido van Rossum7ac11532000-08-29 21:36:40 +0000693-- it is regenerated each the configure.in file changes.)
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000694
695Compiler switches for threads
696.............................
697
Martin v. Löwis1c24f9c2001-03-06 12:07:27 +0000698The definition of _REENTRANT should be configured automatically, if
699that does not work on your system, or if _REENTRANT is defined
700incorrectly, please report that as a bug.
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000701
Martin v. Löwis1c24f9c2001-03-06 12:07:27 +0000702 OS/Compiler/threads Switches for use with threads
703 (POSIX is draft 10, DCE is draft 4) compile & link
704
705 SunOS 5.{1-5}/{gcc,SunPro cc}/solaris -mt
706 SunOS 5.5/{gcc,SunPro cc}/POSIX (nothing)
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000707 DEC OSF/1 3.x/cc/DCE -threads
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000708 (butenhof@zko.dec.com)
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000709 Digital UNIX 4.x/cc/DCE -threads
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000710 (butenhof@zko.dec.com)
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000711 Digital UNIX 4.x/cc/POSIX -pthread
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000712 (butenhof@zko.dec.com)
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000713 AIX 4.1.4/cc_r/d7 (nothing)
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000714 (buhrt@iquest.net)
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000715 AIX 4.1.4/cc_r4/DCE (nothing)
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000716 (buhrt@iquest.net)
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000717 IRIX 6.2/cc/POSIX (nothing)
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000718 (robertl@cwi.nl)
719
720
721Linker (ld) libraries and flags for threads
722...........................................
723
724 OS/threads Libraries/switches for use with threads
725
726 SunOS 5.{1-5}/solaris -lthread
727 SunOS 5.5/POSIX -lpthread
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000728 DEC OSF/1 3.x/DCE -lpthreads -lmach -lc_r -lc
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000729 (butenhof@zko.dec.com)
730 Digital UNIX 4.x/DCE -lpthreads -lpthread -lmach -lexc -lc
731 (butenhof@zko.dec.com)
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000732 Digital UNIX 4.x/POSIX -lpthread -lmach -lexc -lc
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000733 (butenhof@zko.dec.com)
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000734 AIX 4.1.4/{draft7,DCE} (nothing)
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000735 (buhrt@iquest.net)
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000736 IRIX 6.2/POSIX -lpthread
Guido van Rossumdc8a3cb1998-05-12 15:29:18 +0000737 (jph@emilia.engr.sgi.com)
738
739
Martin v. Löwis1142de32002-03-29 16:28:31 +0000740Building a shared libpython
741---------------------------
742
743Starting with Python 2.3, the majority of the interpreter can be built
744into a shared library, which can then be used by the interpreter
745executable, and by applications embedding Python. To enable this feature,
Martin v. Löwis65069672002-08-03 21:38:27 +0000746configure with --enable-shared.
747
748If you do so, a static library will be created in addition to the
749shared library, which uses the same object files as the shared library
750In particular, the library likely object files using
751position-independent code (PIC) if PIC flags are needed for the shared
752library.
Martin v. Löwis1142de32002-03-29 16:28:31 +0000753
754
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000755Configuring additional built-in modules
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000756---------------------------------------
Guido van Rossum19e0c261995-01-17 16:36:34 +0000757
Andrew M. Kuchlingebe30452001-02-27 03:24:24 +0000758Starting with Python 2.1, the setup.py script at the top of the source
759distribution attempts to detect which modules can be built and
760automatically compiles them. Autodetection doesn't always work, so
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +0000761you can still customize the configuration by editing the Modules/Setup
762file; but this should be considered a last resort. The rest of this
763section only applies if you decide to edit the Modules/Setup file.
764You also need this to enable static linking of certain modules (which
765is needed to enable profiling on some systems).
766
Andrew M. Kuchlingebe30452001-02-27 03:24:24 +0000767This file is initially copied from Setup.dist by the configure script;
768if it does not exist yet, create it by copying Modules/Setup.dist
769yourself (configure will never overwrite it). Never edit Setup.dist
770-- always edit Setup or Setup.local (see below). Read the comments in
771the file for information on what kind of edits are allowed. When you
772have edited Setup in the Modules directory, the interpreter will
Guido van Rossumef67ded2001-10-05 17:04:42 +0000773automatically be rebuilt the next time you run make (in the toplevel
774directory).
Guido van Rossum627b2d71993-12-24 10:39:16 +0000775
Andrew M. Kuchlingebe30452001-02-27 03:24:24 +0000776Many useful modules can be built on any Unix system, but some optional
777modules can't be reliably autodetected. Often the quickest way to
778determine whether a particular module works or not is to see if it
779will build: enable it in Setup, then if you get compilation or link
Fred Drake6caae142000-10-25 17:51:02 +0000780errors, disable it -- you're either missing support or need to adjust
781the compilation and linking parameters for that module.
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000782
783On SGI IRIX, there are modules that interface to many SGI specific
Andrew M. Kuchlingebe30452001-02-27 03:24:24 +0000784system libraries, e.g. the GL library and the audio hardware. These
785modules will not be built by the setup.py script.
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000786
Guido van Rossum4462e931997-01-22 21:00:32 +0000787In addition to the file Setup, you can also edit the file Setup.local.
788(the makesetup script processes both). You may find it more
789convenient to edit Setup.local and leave Setup alone. Then, when
790installing a new Python version, you can copy your old Setup.local
791file.
792
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000793
794Setting the optimization/debugging options
795------------------------------------------
796
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000797If you want or need to change the optimization/debugging options for
798the C compiler, assign to the OPT variable on the toplevel make
799command; e.g. "make OPT=-g" will build a debugging version of Python
800on most platforms. The default is OPT=-O; a value for OPT in the
801environment when the configure script is run overrides this default
802(likewise for CC; and the initial value for LIBS is used as the base
803set of libraries to link with).
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000804
Fred Drake6caae142000-10-25 17:51:02 +0000805When compiling with GCC, the default value of OPT will also include
806the -Wall and -Wstrict-prototypes options.
807
808Additional debugging code to help debug memory management problems can
809be enabled by using the --with-pydebug option to the configure script.
810
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000811
Guido van Rossuma68ca352001-10-04 17:00:07 +0000812Profiling
813---------
814
815If you want C profiling turned on, the easiest way is to run configure
816with the CC environment variable to the necessary compiler
817invocation. For example, on Linux, this works for profiling using
818gprof(1):
819
820 CC="gcc -pg" ./configure
821
822Note that on Linux, gprof apparently does not work for shared
823libraries. The Makefile/Setup mechanism can be used to compile and
824link most extension module statically.
825
826
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000827Testing
828-------
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000829
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000830To test the interpreter, type "make test" in the top-level directory.
Guido van Rossum6ae5d3d1997-05-14 21:39:05 +0000831This runs the test set twice (once with no compiled files, once with
832the compiled files left by the previous test run). The test set
833produces some output. You can generally ignore the messages about
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +0000834skipped tests due to optional features which can't be imported.
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000835If a message is printed about a failed test or a traceback or core
836dump is produced, something is wrong. On some Linux systems (those
Guido van Rossum24df6841997-12-30 04:32:30 +0000837that are not yet using glibc 6), test_strftime fails due to a
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000838non-standard implementation of strftime() in the C library. Please
839ignore this, or upgrade to glibc version 6.
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000840
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000841IMPORTANT: If the tests fail and you decide to mail a bug report,
842*don't* include the output of "make test". It is useless. Run the
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000843failing test manually, as follows:
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000844
Andrew M. Kuchling83d042d2002-03-21 23:52:20 +0000845 ./python ./Lib/test/test_whatever.py
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000846
Andrew M. Kuchling83d042d2002-03-21 23:52:20 +0000847(substituting the top of the source tree for '.' if you built in a
Guido van Rossum6ae5d3d1997-05-14 21:39:05 +0000848different directory). This runs the test in verbose mode.
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000849
850
851Installing
852----------
853
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000854To install the Python binary, library modules, shared library modules
855(see below), include files, configuration files, and the manual page,
Guido van Rossum64773801997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000856just type
857
858 make install
859
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000860This will install all platform-independent files in subdirectories of
861the directory given with the --prefix option to configure or to the
862`prefix' Make variable (default /usr/local). All binary and other
863platform-specific files will be installed in subdirectories if the
864directory given by --exec-prefix or the `exec_prefix' Make variable
865(defaults to the --prefix directory) is given.
Guido van Rossum64773801997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000866
867All subdirectories created will have Python's version number in their
868name, e.g. the library modules are installed in
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +0000869"/usr/local/lib/python<version>/" by default, where <version> is the
870<major>.<minor> release number (e.g. "2.1"). The Python binary is
871installed as "python<version>" and a hard link named "python" is
872created. The only file not installed with a version number in its
873name is the manual page, installed as "/usr/local/man/man1/python.1"
874by default.
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000875
Neil Schemenauer0e91dc72001-02-16 04:18:08 +0000876If you have a previous installation of Python that you don't
Guido van Rossum64773801997-11-26 17:07:02 +0000877want to replace yet, use
878
879 make altinstall
880
881This installs the same set of files as "make install" except it
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +0000882doesn't create the hard link to "python<version>" named "python" and
883it doesn't install the manual page at all.
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000884
Neil Schemenauer0e91dc72001-02-16 04:18:08 +0000885Alpha/beta revision levels are stripped from the executable and
886library filenames during installation. For example, Python2.1a2 will
887install as python2.1, overwriting the previous python2.1. To avoid
888this, you could set the Makefile VERSION variable manually
889(e.g. VERSION=2.1a2) before running "make install" or "make altinstall".
890
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000891The only thing you may have to install manually is the Python mode for
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000892Emacs found in Misc/python-mode.el. (But then again, more recent
893versions of Emacs may already have it.) Follow the instructions that
894came with Emacs for installation of site-specific files.
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000895
Jack Jansena39ef862001-08-19 21:17:03 +0000896On Mac OS X, if you have configured Python with --enable-framework, you
897should use "make frameworkinstall" to do the installation. Note that this
898installs the Python executable in a place that is not normally on your
899PATH, you may want to set up a symlink in /usr/local/bin.
900
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000901
902Configuration options and variables
903-----------------------------------
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000904
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000905Some special cases are handled by passing options to the configure
906script.
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000907
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000908WARNING: if you rerun the configure script with different options, you
909must run "make clean" before rebuilding. Exceptions to this rule:
910after changing --prefix or --exec-prefix, all you need to do is remove
Guido van Rossumb06df271997-08-05 21:50:20 +0000911Modules/getpath.o.
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000912
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000913--with(out)-gcc: The configure script uses gcc (the GNU C compiler) if
914 it finds it. If you don't want this, or if this compiler is
915 installed but broken on your platform, pass the option
916 --without-gcc. You can also pass "CC=cc" (or whatever the
917 name of the proper C compiler is) in the environment, but the
918 advantage of using --without-gcc is that this option is
919 remembered by the config.status script for its --recheck
920 option.
Guido van Rossum76be6ed1995-01-02 18:33:54 +0000921
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000922--prefix, --exec-prefix: If you want to install the binaries and the
923 Python library somewhere else than in /usr/local/{bin,lib},
924 you can pass the option --prefix=DIRECTORY; the interpreter
925 binary will be installed as DIRECTORY/bin/python and the
926 library files as DIRECTORY/lib/python/*. If you pass
927 --exec-prefix=DIRECTORY (as well) this overrides the
928 installation prefix for architecture-dependent files (like the
929 interpreter binary). Note that --prefix=DIRECTORY also
930 affects the default module search path (sys.path), when
931 Modules/config.c is compiled. Passing make the option
932 prefix=DIRECTORY (and/or exec_prefix=DIRECTORY) overrides the
933 prefix set at configuration time; this may be more convenient
934 than re-running the configure script if you change your mind
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000935 about the install prefix.
Guido van Rossum76be6ed1995-01-02 18:33:54 +0000936
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +0000937--with-readline: This option is no longer supported. GNU
938 readline is automatically enabled by setup.py when present.
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000939
Guido van Rossum7ac11532000-08-29 21:36:40 +0000940--with-threads: On most Unix systems, you can now use multiple
941 threads, and support for this is enabled by default. To
942 disable this, pass --with-threads=no. If the library required
943 for threads lives in a peculiar place, you can use
944 --with-thread=DIRECTORY. IMPORTANT: run "make clean" after
945 changing (either enabling or disabling) this option, or you
946 will get link errors! Note: for DEC Unix use
Guido van Rossum0e13da91998-02-22 04:36:34 +0000947 --with-dec-threads instead.
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000948
949--with-sgi-dl: On SGI IRIX 4, dynamic loading of extension modules is
950 supported by the "dl" library by Jack Jansen, which is
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000951 ftp'able from ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dl-1.6.tar.Z.
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000952 This is enabled (after you've ftp'ed and compiled the dl
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000953 library) by passing --with-sgi-dl=DIRECTORY where DIRECTORY
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000954 is the absolute pathname of the dl library. (Don't bother on
955 IRIX 5, it already has dynamic linking using SunOS style
Martin v. Löwis779ffc02002-12-02 22:17:01 +0000956 shared libraries.) THIS OPTION IS UNSUPPORTED.
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000957
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000958--with-dl-dld: Dynamic loading of modules is rumored to be supported
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000959 on some other systems: VAX (Ultrix), Sun3 (SunOS 3.4), Sequent
960 Symmetry (Dynix), and Atari ST. This is done using a
961 combination of the GNU dynamic loading package
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000962 (ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dl-dld-1.1.tar.Z) and an
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000963 emulation of the SGI dl library mentioned above (the emulation
964 can be found at
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +0000965 ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dld-3.2.3.tar.Z). To
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000966 enable this, ftp and compile both libraries, then call
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000967 configure, passing it the option
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000968 --with-dl-dld=DL_DIRECTORY,DLD_DIRECTORY where DL_DIRECTORY is
969 the absolute pathname of the dl emulation library and
970 DLD_DIRECTORY is the absolute pathname of the GNU dld library.
971 (Don't bother on SunOS 4 or 5, they already have dynamic
Martin v. Löwis779ffc02002-12-02 22:17:01 +0000972 linking using shared libraries.) THIS OPTION IS UNSUPPORTED.
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000973
974--with-libm, --with-libc: It is possible to specify alternative
975 versions for the Math library (default -lm) and the C library
976 (default the empty string) using the options
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000977 --with-libm=STRING and --with-libc=STRING, respectively. For
978 example, if your system requires that you pass -lc_s to the C
979 compiler to use the shared C library, you can pass
980 --with-libc=-lc_s. These libraries are passed after all other
981 libraries, the C library last.
Guido van Rossum16e809e2001-04-16 02:07:08 +0000982
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +0000983--with-libs='libs': Add 'libs' to the LIBS that the python interpreter
984 is linked against.
Guido van Rossumd02ba451996-07-31 17:36:01 +0000985
Martin v. Löwis2df66942000-12-13 14:14:32 +0000986--with-cxx=<compiler>: Some C++ compilers require that main() is
987 compiled with the C++ if there is any C++ code in the application.
988 Specifically, g++ on a.out systems may require that to support
989 construction of global objects. With this option, the main() function
990 of Python will be compiled with <compiler>; use that only if you
991 plan to use C++ extension modules, and if your compiler requires
992 compilation of main() as a C++ program.
993
994
Fred Drake6caae142000-10-25 17:51:02 +0000995--with-pydebug: Enable additional debugging code to help track down
996 memory management problems. This allows printing a list of all
997 live objects when the interpreter terminates.
Jack Jansen7b8c7542002-04-14 20:12:41 +0000998
999--with(out)-universal-newlines: enable reading of text files with
1000 foreign newline convention (default: enabled). In other words,
1001 any of \r, \n or \r\n is acceptable as end-of-line character.
1002 If enabled import and execfile will automatically accept any newline
1003 in files. Python code can open a file with open(file, 'U') to
Martin v. Löwis7e4cfcb2002-12-19 16:21:49 +00001004 read it in universal newline mode. THIS OPTION IS UNSUPPORTED.
Fred Drake6caae142000-10-25 17:51:02 +00001005
Guido van Rossum76be6ed1995-01-02 18:33:54 +00001006
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001007Building for multiple architectures (using the VPATH feature)
1008-------------------------------------------------------------
1009
1010If your file system is shared between multiple architectures, it
1011usually is not necessary to make copies of the sources for each
1012architecture you want to support. If the make program supports the
1013VPATH feature, you can create an empty build directory for each
1014architecture, and in each directory run the configure script (on the
1015appropriate machine with the appropriate options). This creates the
1016necessary subdirectories and the Makefiles therein. The Makefiles
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +00001017contain a line VPATH=... which points to a directory containing the
Guido van Rossumd0fe8451996-08-26 03:02:37 +00001018actual sources. (On SGI systems, use "smake -J1" instead of "make" if
1019you use VPATH -- don't try gnumake.)
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001020
1021For example, the following is all you need to build a minimal Python
1022in /usr/tmp/python (assuming ~guido/src/python is the toplevel
1023directory and you want to build in /usr/tmp/python):
1024
1025 $ mkdir /usr/tmp/python
1026 $ cd /usr/tmp/python
1027 $ ~guido/src/python/configure
1028 [...]
1029 $ make
1030 [...]
1031 $
1032
Neil Schemenauer73f8ab22001-01-26 22:18:55 +00001033Note that configure copies the original Setup file to the build
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001034directory if it finds no Setup file there. This means that you can
1035edit the Setup file for each architecture independently. For this
1036reason, subsequent changes to the original Setup file are not tracked
1037automatically, as they might overwrite local changes. To force a copy
1038of a changed original Setup file, delete the target Setup file. (The
1039makesetup script supports multiple input files, so if you want to be
1040fancy you can change the rules to create an empty Setup.local if it
1041doesn't exist and run it with arguments $(srcdir)/Setup Setup.local;
1042however this assumes that you only need to add modules.)
1043
1044
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001045Building on non-UNIX systems
1046----------------------------
1047
Tim Peters03444242000-09-19 00:38:35 +00001048For Windows (2000/NT/ME/98/95), assuming you have MS VC++ 6.0, the
1049project files are in PCbuild, the workspace is pcbuild.dsw. See
1050PCbuild\readme.txt for detailed instructions.
Guido van Rossum8d7d4ed1996-07-30 21:41:07 +00001051
Guido van Rossum31ae2071999-04-12 14:47:30 +00001052For other non-Unix Windows compilers, in particular Windows 3.1 and
1053for OS/2, enter the directory "PC" and read the file "readme.txt".
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001054
1055For the Mac, a separate source distribution will be made available,
1056for use with the CodeWarrior compiler. If you are interested in Mac
1057development, join the PythonMac Special Interest Group
1058(http://www.python.org/sigs/pythonmac-sig/, or send email to
1059pythonmac-sig-request@python.org).
1060
1061Of course, there are also binary distributions available for these
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +00001062platforms -- see http://www.python.org/.
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001063
1064To port Python to a new non-UNIX system, you will have to fake the
1065effect of running the configure script manually (for Mac and PC, this
1066has already been done for you). A good start is to copy the file
Michael W. Hudsonbe6e0f42002-06-23 16:29:36 +00001067pyconfig.h.in to pyconfig.h and edit the latter to reflect the actual
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001068configuration of your system. Most symbols must simply be defined as
10691 only if the corresponding feature is present and can be left alone
Michael W. Hudsonbe6e0f42002-06-23 16:29:36 +00001070otherwise; however the *_t type symbols must be defined as some
1071variant of int if they need to be defined at all.
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001072
Barry Warsaw06557452001-12-14 20:47:12 +00001073For all platforms, it's important that the build arrange to define the
1074preprocessor symbol NDEBUG on the compiler command line in a release
1075build of Python (else assert() calls remain in the code, hurting
1076release-build performance). The Unix, Windows and Mac builds already
1077do this.
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001078
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +00001079
1080Miscellaneous issues
1081====================
1082
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +00001083Emacs mode
1084----------
1085
Guido van Rossumc0be2f51997-10-08 05:05:28 +00001086There's an excellent Emacs editing mode for Python code; see the file
1087Misc/python-mode.el. Originally written by the famous Tim Peters, it
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +00001088is now maintained by the equally famous Barry Warsaw (it's no
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +00001089coincidence that they now both work on the same team). The latest
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001090version, along with various other contributed Python-related Emacs
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +00001091goodies, is online at http://www.python.org/emacs/python-mode. And
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001092if you are planning to edit the Python C code, please pick up the
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +00001093latest version of CC Mode http://www.python.org/emacs/cc-mode; it
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001094contains a "python" style used throughout most of the Python C source
1095files. (Newer versions of Emacs or XEmacs may already come with the
1096latest version of python-mode.)
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +00001097
1098
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +00001099Tkinter
1100-------
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +00001101
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +00001102The setup.py script automatically configures this when it detects a
1103usable Tcl/Tk installation. This requires Tcl/Tk version 8.0 or
Fred Drake8179a9d2000-09-28 23:28:30 +00001104higher.
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001105
Guido van Rossum973e4dc2000-07-01 00:34:39 +00001106For more Tkinter information, see the Tkinter Resource page:
1107http://www.python.org/topics/tkinter/
Guido van Rossumc0be2f51997-10-08 05:05:28 +00001108
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001109There are demos in the Demo/tkinter directory, in the subdirectories
1110guido, matt and www (the matt and guido subdirectories have been
1111overhauled to use more recent Tkinter coding conventions).
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +00001112
1113Note that there's a Python module called "Tkinter" (capital T) which
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001114lives in Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py, and a C module called "_tkinter"
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001115(lower case t and leading underscore) which lives in
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +00001116Modules/_tkinter.c. Demos and normal Tk applications import only the
Guido van Rossum59b0b602002-02-08 22:22:35 +00001117Python Tkinter module -- only the latter imports the C _tkinter
1118module. In order to find the C _tkinter module, it must be compiled
1119and linked into the Python interpreter -- the setup.py script does
1120this. In order to find the Python Tkinter module, sys.path must be
1121set correctly -- normal installation takes care of this.
Guido van Rossum84c8c7f1995-08-28 02:44:24 +00001122
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +00001123
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001124Distribution structure
1125----------------------
1126
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +00001127Most subdirectories have their own README files. Most files have
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001128comments.
1129
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001130.cvsignore Additional filename matching patterns for CVS to ignore
1131BeOS/ Files specific to the BeOS port
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001132Demo/ Demonstration scripts, modules and programs
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001133Doc/ Documentation sources (LaTeX)
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001134Grammar/ Input for the parser generator
1135Include/ Public header files
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001136LICENSE Licensing information
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001137Lib/ Python library modules
Michael W. Hudsonbe6e0f42002-06-23 16:29:36 +00001138Mac/ Macintosh specific resources
Neil Schemenauer3f52da52001-01-24 17:49:59 +00001139Makefile.pre.in Source from which config.status creates the Makefile.pre
Guido van Rossumc0be2f51997-10-08 05:05:28 +00001140Misc/ Miscellaneous useful files
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001141Modules/ Implementation of most built-in modules
1142Objects/ Implementation of most built-in object types
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001143PC/ Files specific to PC ports (DOS, Windows, OS/2)
1144PCbuild/ Build directory for Microsoft Visual C++
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001145Parser/ The parser and tokenizer and their input handling
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +00001146Python/ The byte-compiler and interpreter
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001147README The file you're reading now
1148Tools/ Some useful programs written in Python
Michael W. Hudsonbe6e0f42002-06-23 16:29:36 +00001149pyconfig.h.in Source from which pyconfig.h is created (GNU autoheader output)
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001150configure Configuration shell script (GNU autoconf output)
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001151configure.in Configuration specification (input for GNU autoconf)
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001152install-sh Shell script used to install files
Guido van Rossum91cb9d21995-04-10 11:47:38 +00001153
1154The following files will (may) be created in the toplevel directory by
1155the configuration and build processes:
1156
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001157Makefile Build rules
Neil Schemenauer3f52da52001-01-24 17:49:59 +00001158Makefile.pre Build rules before running Modules/makesetup
Michael W. Hudsonbe6e0f42002-06-23 16:29:36 +00001159buildno Keeps track of the build number
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001160config.cache Cache of configuration variables
Michael W. Hudsonbe6e0f42002-06-23 16:29:36 +00001161pyconfig.h Configuration header
Guido van Rossumc0be2f51997-10-08 05:05:28 +00001162config.log Log from last configure run
Guido van Rossum4f40c2d2000-09-05 16:46:22 +00001163config.status Status from last run of the configure script
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001164getbuildinfo.o Object file from Modules/getbuildinfo.c
Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +00001165libpython<version>.a The library archive
Guido van Rossum6d9cc801996-08-01 17:31:22 +00001166python The executable interpreter
1167tags, TAGS Tags files for vi and Emacs
Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001168
1169
Guido van Rossumc07d5fa2000-09-01 22:50:02 +00001170That's all, folks!
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Guido van Rossum433c8ad1994-08-01 12:07:07 +00001172
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Guido van Rossum67345eb2001-01-18 14:51:12 +00001174--Guido van Rossum (home page: http://www.python.org/~guido/)